صحيح البخاري
Bukhari
كتاب الوصاياThe Book of Wasaya (Wills and Testaments)
بَابُ أَنْ يَتْرُكَ وَرَثَتَهُ أَغْنِيَاءَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ يَتَكَفَّفُوا النَّاسَ:Chapter. One would rather leave one’s inheritors wealthy than leave them (poor) begging others.
Hadith 2742
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : " جَاءَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَعُودُنِي وَأَنَا بِمَكَّةَ ، وَهُوَ يَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَمُوتَ بِالْأَرْضِ الَّتِي هَاجَرَ مِنْهَا ، قَالَ : يَرْحَمُ اللَّهُ ابْنَ عَفْرَاءَ ، قُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، أُوصِي بِمَالِي كُلِّهِ ، قَالَ : لَا ، قُلْتُ : فَالشَّطْرُ ، قَالَ : لَا ، قُلْتُ : الثُّلُثُ ، قَالَ : فَالثُّلُثُ ، وَالثُّلُثُ كَثِيرٌ ، إِنَّكَ أَنْ تَدَعَ وَرَثَتَكَ أَغْنِيَاءَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ تَدَعَهُمْ عَالَةً يَتَكَفَّفُونَ النَّاسَ فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ ، وَإِنَّكَ مَهْمَا أَنْفَقْتَ مِنْ نَفَقَةٍ فَإِنَّهَا صَدَقَةٌ حَتَّى اللُّقْمَةُ الَّتِي تَرْفَعُهَا إِلَى فِي امْرَأَتِكَ ، وَعَسَى اللَّهُ أَنْ يَرْفَعَكَ فَيَنْتَفِعَ بِكَ نَاسٌ وَيُضَرَّ بِكَ آخَرُونَ ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ يَوْمَئِذٍ إِلَّا ابْنَةٌ " .
Narrated Sa`d bin Abu Waqqas: The Prophet came visiting me while I was (sick) in Mecca, ('Amir the sub-narrator said, and he disliked to die in the land, whence he had already migrated). He (i.e. the Prophet) said, "May Allah bestow His Mercy on Ibn Afra (Sa`d bin Khaula)." I said, "O Allah's Apostle! May I will all my property (in charity)?" He said, "No." I said, "Then may I will half of it?" He said, "No". I said, "One third?" He said: "Yes, one third, yet even one third is too much. It is better for you to leave your inheritors wealthy than to leave them poor begging others, and whatever you spend for Allah's sake will be considered as a charitable deed even the handful of food you put in your wife's mouth. Allah may lengthen your age so that some people may benefit by you, and some others be harmed by you." At that time Sa`d had only one daughter.
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Dawood Raz
Hadith Commentary:
In one narration, it is mentioned that Hazrat Sa’d (radi Allahu anhu) had reached a state of despair due to this illness. He expressed to the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) his intention to dedicate all his wealth, but the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) reassured him and gave him glad tidings of recovery. Consequently, he lived for nearly fifty more years and accomplished great feats in the history of Islam (radi Allahu anhu).
Historians have reported that he had ten sons and twelve daughters.
And Allah knows best what is correct.
In one narration, it is mentioned that Hazrat Sa’d (radi Allahu anhu) had reached a state of despair due to this illness. He expressed to the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) his intention to dedicate all his wealth, but the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) reassured him and gave him glad tidings of recovery. Consequently, he lived for nearly fifty more years and accomplished great feats in the history of Islam (radi Allahu anhu).
Historians have reported that he had ten sons and twelve daughters.
And Allah knows best what is correct.
Source: Sahih Bukhari: Commentary by Maulana Dawood Raz, Page: 2742
Shaykh Abdul Sattar al-Hammad
Hadith Commentary:
(1)
Imam Bukhari rahimahullah has made the very words of the hadith the title, perhaps with the intention that for a person who has little wealth or none at all, making a bequest (wasiyyah) is not good. (Fath al-Bari: 5/445) Some people are extremely strict in religious matters. They are constantly preoccupied with the thought of securing their Hereafter by depriving their rightful Islamic heirs. From this hadith, it is evident that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam did not approve of this attitude.
(2)
This hadith also shows that a bequest (wasiyyah) should not exceed one third. If someone exceeds this limit, it will not be executed as long as his heirs are present. However, if the heirs permit, then a bequest of more than one third can be executed. Likewise, if there are no heirs, then there is no harm in making a bequest exceeding one third.
(3)
The incident of Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqas radi Allahu anhu mentioned here is reported in connection with the Conquest of Makkah or the Farewell Pilgrimage (Hajjat al-Wada’); there are different narrations regarding this. It is possible that this incident occurred on both occasions. The first time was at the Conquest of Makkah, when he had no children, and the second time was during the Farewell Pilgrimage, when he fell ill and had only one daughter. After that, Allah Ta’ala kept him alive for forty years. He had four sons and twelve daughters. He conquered Persia. He became the governor of Kufa. He enriched the Muslims with war booty and inflicted great losses on the disbelievers and polytheists through his battles. He was mustajab al-da’wat, meaning Allah Ta’ala would accept his supplications; thus, a complainant from Kufa suffered greatly due to his supplication against him. (Fath al-Bari: 5/446-447)
(1)
Imam Bukhari rahimahullah has made the very words of the hadith the title, perhaps with the intention that for a person who has little wealth or none at all, making a bequest (wasiyyah) is not good. (Fath al-Bari: 5/445) Some people are extremely strict in religious matters. They are constantly preoccupied with the thought of securing their Hereafter by depriving their rightful Islamic heirs. From this hadith, it is evident that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam did not approve of this attitude.
(2)
This hadith also shows that a bequest (wasiyyah) should not exceed one third. If someone exceeds this limit, it will not be executed as long as his heirs are present. However, if the heirs permit, then a bequest of more than one third can be executed. Likewise, if there are no heirs, then there is no harm in making a bequest exceeding one third.
(3)
The incident of Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqas radi Allahu anhu mentioned here is reported in connection with the Conquest of Makkah or the Farewell Pilgrimage (Hajjat al-Wada’); there are different narrations regarding this. It is possible that this incident occurred on both occasions. The first time was at the Conquest of Makkah, when he had no children, and the second time was during the Farewell Pilgrimage, when he fell ill and had only one daughter. After that, Allah Ta’ala kept him alive for forty years. He had four sons and twelve daughters. He conquered Persia. He became the governor of Kufa. He enriched the Muslims with war booty and inflicted great losses on the disbelievers and polytheists through his battles. He was mustajab al-da’wat, meaning Allah Ta’ala would accept his supplications; thus, a complainant from Kufa suffered greatly due to his supplication against him. (Fath al-Bari: 5/446-447)
Source: Hidayat al-Qari: Commentary on Sahih Bukhari, Urdu, Page: 2742
