صحيح البخاري
Bukhari
كتاب الشروطThe Book of Conditions
بَابُ الشُّرُوطِ فِي الْجِهَادِ وَالْمُصَالَحَةِ مَعَ أَهْلِ الْحَرْبِ وَكِتَابَةِ الشُّرُوطِ:Chapter. The conditions of Jihad and peace treaties with (non-Muslim) warriors, and the writing of the conditions.
Hadith 2733
اُردوEn
وَقَالَ عُقَيْلٌ : عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، قَالَ عُرْوَةُ : فَأَخْبَرَتْنِي عَائِشَةُ ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ يَمْتَحِنُهُنَّ ، وَبَلَغْنَا أَنَّهُ لَمَّا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَنْ يَرُدُّوا إِلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ مَا أَنْفَقُوا عَلَى مَنْ هَاجَرَ مِنْ أَزْوَاجِهِمْ ، وَحَكَمَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَنْ لَا يُمَسِّكُوا بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَيْنِ قَرِيبَةَ بِنْتَ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ ، وَابْنَةَ جَرْوَلٍ الْخُزَاعِيِّ ، فَتَزَوَّجَ قَرِيبَةَ مُعَاوِيَةُ ، وَتَزَوَّجَ الْأُخْرَى أَبُو جَهْمٍ ، فَلَمَّا أَبَى الْكُفَّارُ أَنْ يُقِرُّوا بِأَدَاءِ مَا أَنْفَقَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ عَلَى أَزْوَاجِهِمْ ، أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى وَإِنْ فَاتَكُمْ شَيْءٌ مِنْ أَزْوَاجِكُمْ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ فَعَاقَبْتُمْ سورة الممتحنة آية 11 وَالْعَقْبُ مَا يُؤَدِّي الْمُسْلِمُونَ إِلَى مَنْ هَاجَرَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ ، فَأَمَرَ أَنْ يُعْطَى مَنْ ذَهَبَ لَهُ زَوْجٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مَا أَنْفَقَ مِنْ صَدَاقِ نِسَاءِ الْكُفَّارِ اللَّائِي هَاجَرْنَ ، وَمَا نَعْلَمُ أَنَّ أَحَدًا مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرَاتِ ارْتَدَّتْ بَعْدَ إِيمَانِهَا ، وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّ أَبَا بَصِيرِ بْنَ أَسِيدٍ الثَّقَفِيَّ قَدِمَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُؤْمِنًا مُهَاجِرًا فِي الْمُدَّةِ ، فَكَتَبَ الْأَخْنَسُ بْنُ شَرِيقٍ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَسْأَلُهُ أَبَا بَصِيرٍ ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ .
Narrated Az-Zuhri: `Urwa said, "Aisha told me that Allah's Apostle used to examine the women emigrants. We have been told also that when Allah revealed the order that the Muslims should return to the pagans what they had spent on their wives who emigrated (after embracing Islam) and that the Mushriks should not. keep unbelieving women as their wives, `Umar divorced two of his wives, Qariba, the daughter of Abu Urhaiya and the daughter of Jarwal Al-Khuza`i. Later on Mu'awiya married Qariba and Abu Jahm married the other." When the pagans refused to pay what the Muslims had spent on their wives, Allah revealed: "And if any of your wives have gone from you to the unbelievers and you have an accession (By the coming over of a woman from the other side) (Then pay to those whose wives have gone) The equivalent of what they had spent (On their Mahr)." (60.11) So, Allah ordered that the Muslim whose wife, has gone, should be given, as a compensation of the Mahr he had given to his wife, from the Mahr of the wives of the pagans who had emigrated deserting their husbands. We do not know any of the women emigrants who deserted Islam after embracing it. We have also been told that Abu Basir bin Asid Ath-Thaqafi came to the Prophet as a Muslim emigrant during the truce. Al-Akhnas bin Shariq wrote to the Prophet requesting him to return Abu Basir.
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Dawood Raz
Hadith Footnote: Explanation:
This incident took place in the 6th year of Hijrah. The Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) set out from Madinah with the intention of performing ‘umrah on a Monday at the end of Dhu al-Qa‘dah. There were seven hundred Muslims with him and seventy sacrificial camels—one camel for every ten people. In another narration, the number of his companions is stated as fourteen hundred.
You (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) had sent Basr ibn Sufyan to bring news about the Quraysh. He returned and informed that, upon hearing of your arrival, the Quraysh had come to Dhi Tuwa, and Khalid ibn al-Walid (radi Allahu anhu) had halted with their cavalry at a place called Kara‘ al-Ghamim, which is two miles from Makkah.
This narration contains details of the incident of Hudaybiyyah.
The narration mentions the she-camel Qaswa’, which the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) used to ride. It always led among all the camels, and you had ridden it during the migration (hijrah).
The narration mentions Tihamah; this refers to Makkah and the surrounding settlements. “Tiham” means intense heat. This region is extremely hot, which is why it is called Tihamah.
Ka‘b ibn Lu’ayy is the ancestor of the Quraysh.
The phrase “‘awdh al-matafeel” that appears in the narration has two meanings: first, she-camels that have recently given birth and are producing plenty of milk; second, the children of human beings. In both cases, the meaning is that the people of Quraysh have brought their camels, she-camels, and children to these springs in order to stay for a long time and continue fighting you.
‘Urwah ibn Mas‘ud, who came as the representative of the Quraysh to negotiate peace with you (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), himself became Muslim six years later and went to his people as a preacher of Islam.
Today, he came with the intention of persuading and advising the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam). When Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) heard his statement that these people, who are from various tribes and have gathered around you after becoming Muslim, will abandon you and flee in case of defeat, he replied angrily: “Go back and suck the private parts of your idol Lat! Never think that we will abandon the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) and leave.”
Mughira ibn Shu‘bah (radi Allahu anhu), whom ‘Urwah called a traitor, is said to have been ‘Urwah’s nephew. In a battle related to Mughira’s tribe, ‘Urwah had intervened and prevented harm. He was reminding him of this favor.
The name of the person from Banu Kinanah who came was Hulays ibn Alqamah al-Harithi. He was the chief of the Abyssinians. What you (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said about him proved absolutely true: when he saw the sacrificial animals and heard the Muslims chanting the talbiyah, he spoke very well of the Muslims and interceded on their behalf.
The text of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah was written by Ali (karram Allahu wajhah).
This incident took place in the 6th year of Hijrah. The Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) set out from Madinah with the intention of performing ‘umrah on a Monday at the end of Dhu al-Qa‘dah. There were seven hundred Muslims with him and seventy sacrificial camels—one camel for every ten people. In another narration, the number of his companions is stated as fourteen hundred.
You (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) had sent Basr ibn Sufyan to bring news about the Quraysh. He returned and informed that, upon hearing of your arrival, the Quraysh had come to Dhi Tuwa, and Khalid ibn al-Walid (radi Allahu anhu) had halted with their cavalry at a place called Kara‘ al-Ghamim, which is two miles from Makkah.
This narration contains details of the incident of Hudaybiyyah.
The narration mentions the she-camel Qaswa’, which the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) used to ride. It always led among all the camels, and you had ridden it during the migration (hijrah).
The narration mentions Tihamah; this refers to Makkah and the surrounding settlements. “Tiham” means intense heat. This region is extremely hot, which is why it is called Tihamah.
Ka‘b ibn Lu’ayy is the ancestor of the Quraysh.
The phrase “‘awdh al-matafeel” that appears in the narration has two meanings: first, she-camels that have recently given birth and are producing plenty of milk; second, the children of human beings. In both cases, the meaning is that the people of Quraysh have brought their camels, she-camels, and children to these springs in order to stay for a long time and continue fighting you.
‘Urwah ibn Mas‘ud, who came as the representative of the Quraysh to negotiate peace with you (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), himself became Muslim six years later and went to his people as a preacher of Islam.
Today, he came with the intention of persuading and advising the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam). When Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) heard his statement that these people, who are from various tribes and have gathered around you after becoming Muslim, will abandon you and flee in case of defeat, he replied angrily: “Go back and suck the private parts of your idol Lat! Never think that we will abandon the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) and leave.”
Mughira ibn Shu‘bah (radi Allahu anhu), whom ‘Urwah called a traitor, is said to have been ‘Urwah’s nephew. In a battle related to Mughira’s tribe, ‘Urwah had intervened and prevented harm. He was reminding him of this favor.
The name of the person from Banu Kinanah who came was Hulays ibn Alqamah al-Harithi. He was the chief of the Abyssinians. What you (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said about him proved absolutely true: when he saw the sacrificial animals and heard the Muslims chanting the talbiyah, he spoke very well of the Muslims and interceded on their behalf.
The text of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah was written by Ali (karram Allahu wajhah).
Source: Sahih Bukhari: Commentary by Maulana Dawood Raz, Page: 2733
Shaykh Abdul Sattar al-Hammad
Hadith Commentary:
(1)
Imam Bukhari rahimahullah has established from these ahadith that, in view of the interests of the Muslims, it is permissible to make a peace treaty with the disbelievers for a specified period, and the conditions agreed upon between them should be documented in writing. Testimony regarding these conditions should also be recorded so that if either party wishes to break the treaty, testimony can be given against them.
(2)
It should be noted that Abu Basir radi Allahu anhu stayed at a place called ‘Ays on the seashore, and Abu Jandal radi Allahu anhu also escaped and joined him there. In this way, seventy horsemen gathered there, and whenever a trade caravan of the Quraysh would pass by, they would raid it. Eventually, the Quraysh became distressed and annulled the final condition of the treaty, and they demanded from the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam that the activities of Abu Basir radi Allahu anhu be stopped. Finally, the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam sent a letter to Abu Basir radi Allahu anhu. When he received the letter, he was in the throes of death. He held the noble letter of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam in his hand, and while reading it, he entrusted his soul to its Creator.
...
radi Allahu anhu
...
(‘Umdat al-Qari: 647/9)
(1)
Imam Bukhari rahimahullah has established from these ahadith that, in view of the interests of the Muslims, it is permissible to make a peace treaty with the disbelievers for a specified period, and the conditions agreed upon between them should be documented in writing. Testimony regarding these conditions should also be recorded so that if either party wishes to break the treaty, testimony can be given against them.
(2)
It should be noted that Abu Basir radi Allahu anhu stayed at a place called ‘Ays on the seashore, and Abu Jandal radi Allahu anhu also escaped and joined him there. In this way, seventy horsemen gathered there, and whenever a trade caravan of the Quraysh would pass by, they would raid it. Eventually, the Quraysh became distressed and annulled the final condition of the treaty, and they demanded from the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam that the activities of Abu Basir radi Allahu anhu be stopped. Finally, the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam sent a letter to Abu Basir radi Allahu anhu. When he received the letter, he was in the throes of death. He held the noble letter of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam in his hand, and while reading it, he entrusted his soul to its Creator.
...
radi Allahu anhu
...
(‘Umdat al-Qari: 647/9)
Source: Hidayat al-Qari: Commentary on Sahih Bukhari, Urdu, Page: 2733
