صحيح البخاري
Bukhari
كتاب الصومThe Book of As-Saum (The Fasting).
بَابُ صِيَامِ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَChapter. Observing Saum (fast) on the day of Ashura (tenth of Muharram).
Hadith 2003
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ ، عَامَ حَجَّ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ ، يَقُولُ : يَا أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ ، أَيْنَ عُلَمَاؤُكُمْ ؟ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، يَقُولُ : " هَذَا يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ ، وَلَمْ يَكْتُبْ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ صِيَامَهُ ، وَأَنَا صَائِمٌ ، فَمَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيَصُمْ ، وَمَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيُفْطِرْ " .
Narrated Humaid bin `Abdur Rahman: That he heard Muawiya bin Abi Sufyan on the day of 'Ashura' during the year he performed the Hajj, saying on the pulpit, "O the people of Medina! Where are your Religious Scholars? I heard Allah's Apostle saying, 'This is the day of 'Ashura'. Allah has not enjoined its fasting on you but I am fasting it. You have the choice either to fast or not to fast (on this day).' "
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Hafiz Zubair Ali Zai
Takhrij al-Hadith: [وأخرجه البخاري 2003، ومسلم 129، من حديث ما لك به .]
Jurisprudential Explanation:
➊ There is no difference of opinion on this issue that fasting on ‘Ashura is Sunnah and virtuous, but it is neither obligatory nor compulsory. [ديكهئے التمهيد 203/7]
➋ The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said regarding ‘Ashura: «أَحْتَسِبُ عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ السَّنَةَ الَّتِي قَبْلَهُ» I hope from Allah that through it the sins of the previous year are forgiven. [صحيح مسلم:1162]
➌ The narrator of the hadith about opposing the Jews in ‘Ashura, our master Abdullah ibn Abbas radi Allahu anhuma, said: «صوموا التاسع والعاشر و خالفوا اليهود» Fast on the ninth and tenth and oppose the Jews. [السنن الكبري للبيهقي 287/4 وسنده صحيح، مصنف عبدالرزاق:7839]
➍ Our master Muawiyah radi Allahu anhu loved the hadith of the Messenger so much that he would remain engaged in spreading hadith even on the pulpit. It is evident that the Companions considered hadith as a proof. Radi Allahu anhum ajma‘in.
➎ Scholars should always strive for the propagation of the Sunnah.
➏ Good rulers encourage scholars to spread knowledge and assist them in this.
Jurisprudential Explanation:
➊ There is no difference of opinion on this issue that fasting on ‘Ashura is Sunnah and virtuous, but it is neither obligatory nor compulsory. [ديكهئے التمهيد 203/7]
➋ The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said regarding ‘Ashura: «أَحْتَسِبُ عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ السَّنَةَ الَّتِي قَبْلَهُ» I hope from Allah that through it the sins of the previous year are forgiven. [صحيح مسلم:1162]
➌ The narrator of the hadith about opposing the Jews in ‘Ashura, our master Abdullah ibn Abbas radi Allahu anhuma, said: «صوموا التاسع والعاشر و خالفوا اليهود» Fast on the ninth and tenth and oppose the Jews. [السنن الكبري للبيهقي 287/4 وسنده صحيح، مصنف عبدالرزاق:7839]
➍ Our master Muawiyah radi Allahu anhu loved the hadith of the Messenger so much that he would remain engaged in spreading hadith even on the pulpit. It is evident that the Companions considered hadith as a proof. Radi Allahu anhum ajma‘in.
➎ Scholars should always strive for the propagation of the Sunnah.
➏ Good rulers encourage scholars to spread knowledge and assist them in this.
Source: Muwatta Imam Malik (Narration of Ibn al-Qasim): Commentary by Zubair Ali Zai, Page: 9999
Maulana Dawood Raz
Hadith Commentary:
Perhaps Muawiyah (radi Allahu anhu) had received news that the people of Madinah considered fasting on Ashura as disliked (makruh), or that they did not give it importance, or that they regarded it as obligatory. Therefore, he delivered this address from the pulpit. He performed this Hajj in the year 44 AH.
This was the first Hajj of his caliphate.
And his last Hajj took place in 57 AH.
According to Hafiz, this address was delivered during his last Hajj.
Perhaps Muawiyah (radi Allahu anhu) had received news that the people of Madinah considered fasting on Ashura as disliked (makruh), or that they did not give it importance, or that they regarded it as obligatory. Therefore, he delivered this address from the pulpit. He performed this Hajj in the year 44 AH.
This was the first Hajj of his caliphate.
And his last Hajj took place in 57 AH.
According to Hafiz, this address was delivered during his last Hajj.
Source: Sahih Bukhari: Commentary by Maulana Dawood Raz, Page: 2003
Hafiz Muhammad Ameen
Imam al-Nasa’i rahimahullah’s purpose is to clarify that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam used to fast on the day of ‘Ashura as well. However, fasting on the day of ‘Ashura alone is not appropriate; it is better to fast along with it either on the ninth, or if the ninth is missed, then to fast on the eleventh in order to avoid resemblance (with others). Insha’Allah, this will also be permissible.
Source: Sunan Nasa'i: Translation and Benefits by Shaykh Hafiz Muhammad Amin Hafizullah, Page: 2373
