صحيح البخاري
Bukhari
كتاب الصومThe Book of As-Saum (The Fasting).
بَابُ: {وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ} :Chapter. (The Statement of Allah): "And as for those who can fast with difficulty (e.g. the aged etc) they have (a choice either to fast or) to feed a Miskin (poor person) (for every day)." (V.2:184)
Hadith 1949
اُردوEn
قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ ، وَسَلَمَةُ بْنُ الْأَكْوَعِ ، نَسَخَتْهَا : شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْءَانُ هُدًى لِلنَّاسِ وَبَيِّنَاتٍ مِنَ الْهُدَى وَالْفُرْقَانِ فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ كَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ بِكُمُ الْيُسْرَ وَلا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ وَلِتُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ وَلِتُكَبِّرُوا اللَّهَ عَلَى مَا هَدَاكُمْ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ سورة البقرة آية 185 وَقَالَ ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ مُرَّةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى ، حَدَّثَنَا أَصْحَابُ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " نَزَلَ رَمَضَانُ فَشَقَّ عَلَيْهِمْ ، فَكَانَ مَنْ أَطْعَمَ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينًا ، تَرَكَ الصَّوْمَ مِمَّنْ يُطِيقُهُ ، وَرُخِّصَ لَهُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ ، فَنَسَخَتْهَا : وَأَنْ تَصُومُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ سورة البقرة آية 184 فَأُمِرُوا بِالصَّوْمِ .
Ibn Umar and Salamah bin Akwa’ said that this verse was abrogated by the following verse: “The month of Ramadan is that in which the Qur’an was revealed, a guidance for mankind and clear proofs of guidance and criterion. So whoever of you witnesses the month, let him fast it; and whoever is ill or on a journey, then an equal number of other days. Allah intends for you ease and does not intend for you hardship, and so that you complete the number and magnify Allah for having guided you, and that you may be grateful.” Ibn Numayr said: Al-A’mash narrated to us, from ‘Amr bin Murrah, from Ibn Abi Layla, and from the companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him), that when the command of fasting in Ramadan was revealed, it was very difficult for many people. So many people who could feed a poor person daily left fasting, even though they had the strength to fast. The matter was that they were given permission that if they wished, they could feed a poor person for each day instead of fasting. Then this permission was abrogated by the other verse «وأن تصوموا خير لكم» i.e., “But to fast is better for you,” and thus the people were commanded to fast.
حَدَّثَنَا عَيَّاشٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، " قَرَأَ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مَسَاكِينَ " ، قَالَ : هِيَ مَنْسُوخَةٌ .
Narrated Nafi`: Ibn `Umar recited the verse: "They had a choice either to fast or to feed a poor person for every day, and said that the order of this Verse was canceled.
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Dawood Raz
Hadith Commentary:
The full translation of the verse is as follows: "And those who have the ability to fast but do not wish to fast, they should feed a needy person. Then whoever does good of his own accord, it is better for him; and if you fast, it is better for you, if you only knew.
The month of Ramadan is that in which the Qur’an was revealed, a guidance for mankind and clear proofs of guidance and the criterion (between right and wrong). So whoever of you witnesses the month, let him fast it; and whoever is ill or on a journey, then (let him fast) a number of other days. Allah intends for you ease and does not intend for you hardship, and (He wants) that you should complete the number and that you should magnify Allah for having guided you, and that you may be grateful to Him." In the beginning of Islam, "wa ‘ala alladhina yutiqunahu" () was revealed, and those who were able had the choice either to fast or to give the fidyah (compensation). Then this ruling was abrogated, and for a healthy resident, fasting became obligatory by "faman shahida minkumu al-shahra" ().
(Wahidi)
Some have said that the meaning of "wa ‘ala alladhina yutiqunahu" is: those who do not have the ability to fast, even if they are residents and healthy, such as weak elderly people, then for every fast they should feed a needy person. In this case, this verse would not be abrogated, and the details of this issue are found in the commentaries.
(Wahidi)
The full translation of the verse is as follows: "And those who have the ability to fast but do not wish to fast, they should feed a needy person. Then whoever does good of his own accord, it is better for him; and if you fast, it is better for you, if you only knew.
The month of Ramadan is that in which the Qur’an was revealed, a guidance for mankind and clear proofs of guidance and the criterion (between right and wrong). So whoever of you witnesses the month, let him fast it; and whoever is ill or on a journey, then (let him fast) a number of other days. Allah intends for you ease and does not intend for you hardship, and (He wants) that you should complete the number and that you should magnify Allah for having guided you, and that you may be grateful to Him." In the beginning of Islam, "wa ‘ala alladhina yutiqunahu" () was revealed, and those who were able had the choice either to fast or to give the fidyah (compensation). Then this ruling was abrogated, and for a healthy resident, fasting became obligatory by "faman shahida minkumu al-shahra" ().
(Wahidi)
Some have said that the meaning of "wa ‘ala alladhina yutiqunahu" is: those who do not have the ability to fast, even if they are residents and healthy, such as weak elderly people, then for every fast they should feed a needy person. In this case, this verse would not be abrogated, and the details of this issue are found in the commentaries.
(Wahidi)
Source: Sahih Bukhari: Commentary by Maulana Dawood Raz, Page: 1949
Shaykh Abdul Sattar al-Hammad
Hadith Commentary:
(1)
In this hadith, the abrogating verse is not specified; however, according to the narration of Tabari, the subsequent verse has been considered as the abrogator. In Sunan al-Bayhaqi, it is mentioned that when the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) arrived in Madinah Tayyibah, the fasting of Ramadan was made obligatory upon him, while the noble Companions (radi Allahu anhum) of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) were not very accustomed to fasting, as they were only in the habit of fasting three days in a month. On this basis, fasting for an entire month was a cause of hardship and difficulty for them. Then, they were given a concession that if someone made a needy person fast on his behalf, he himself could leave the fast. Later, even this concession was abrogated.
(al-Sunan al-Kubra lil-Bayhaqi: 4/200)
(2)
According to Ibn Abbas (radi Allahu anhu), this verse is not abrogated but rather remains in force (muhkam).
He states:
This is not abrogated; rather, what is meant by it is an old man and an old woman who do not have the strength to fast—they should feed one needy person for each day.
(Sahih al-Bukhari, al-Tafsir, Hadith: 4505)
That is, according to him, the meaning of يُطِيقُونَهُ is “lack of ability.”
At this point, the verb possesses the characteristic of negation of the source.
And Allah knows best.
(1)
In this hadith, the abrogating verse is not specified; however, according to the narration of Tabari, the subsequent verse has been considered as the abrogator. In Sunan al-Bayhaqi, it is mentioned that when the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) arrived in Madinah Tayyibah, the fasting of Ramadan was made obligatory upon him, while the noble Companions (radi Allahu anhum) of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) were not very accustomed to fasting, as they were only in the habit of fasting three days in a month. On this basis, fasting for an entire month was a cause of hardship and difficulty for them. Then, they were given a concession that if someone made a needy person fast on his behalf, he himself could leave the fast. Later, even this concession was abrogated.
(al-Sunan al-Kubra lil-Bayhaqi: 4/200)
(2)
According to Ibn Abbas (radi Allahu anhu), this verse is not abrogated but rather remains in force (muhkam).
He states:
This is not abrogated; rather, what is meant by it is an old man and an old woman who do not have the strength to fast—they should feed one needy person for each day.
(Sahih al-Bukhari, al-Tafsir, Hadith: 4505)
That is, according to him, the meaning of يُطِيقُونَهُ is “lack of ability.”
At this point, the verb possesses the characteristic of negation of the source.
And Allah knows best.
Source: Hidayat al-Qari: Commentary on Sahih Bukhari, Urdu, Page: 1949
