Bukhari

Hadith Commentary:
This vision was by way of unveiling (kashf); there is no need for interpretation in this matter. And the statement of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was fulfilled in that Uthman (radi Allahu anhu) was martyred right in Madinah. Thereafter, during the incident of Harrah at the hands of Yazid, what calamities befell the people of Madinah.

Hadith Commentary:
(1)
Those tribulations will be as numerous as the drops of rain.
The statement of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was fulfilled word for word when, under the cover of tribulations, our master Umar (radi Allahu anhu) was martyred.
From that time, the onset of severe tribulations began; thus, the martyrdom of Uthman (radi Allahu anhu) also proved to be a result of these tribulations.

(2)
Imam al-Bukhari (rahimahullah) has established from this hadith that even before the arrival of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) in Madinah Tayyibah, forts were constructed as protective measures.
The famous historian Zubayr ibn Bakkar, in his work Akhbar al-Madinah, has detailed those forts which were built before and after the arrival of the Aws and Khazraj in Madinah.
By these are meant those forts which were built of stone, higher than ordinary buildings, so that one could climb upon them and observe the movements of the enemy.
(Fath al-Bari: 4/122)

(3)
The corroboration (mutaba‘ah) of Imam Ma‘mar has been narrated by Imam al-Bukhari (rahimahullah) himself with his own connected chain, (Sahih al-Bukhari, Book of Tribulations, Hadith: 7060).
Likewise, the corroboration of Sulayman ibn Kathir has also been mentioned by him in his work Birr al-Walidayn.
(Fath al-Bari: 4/123)

Benefits and Issues
Reconciling and harmonizing between this Prophetic hadith and the ahadith regarding the tribulation arising from the East:

◈ The commentator of Sahih al-Bukhari, Hafiz Ibn Hajar rahimahullah (773–852 AH), states:
«وإنما اختصت المدينة بذلك، لأن قتل عثمان رضى الله عنه كان بها، ثم انتشرت الفتن فى البلاد بعد ذلك، فالقتال بالجمل وبصفين كان بسبب قتل عثمان، والقتال بالنهروان كان بسبب التحكيم بصفين، وكل قتال وقع فى ذلك العصر إنما تولد عن شيء من ذلك، أو عن شيء تولد عنه، ثم إن قتل عثمان كان أشد أسبابه الطعن على أمرائه، ثم عليه بتوليته لهم، وأول ما نشأ ذلك من العراق، وهى من جهة المشرق، فلا منافاة بين حديث الباب وبين الحديث الآتي أن الفتنة من قبل المشرق.»
“The specific mention of Madinah Munawwarah in this regard is because the martyrdom of Sayyiduna Uthman radi Allahu anhu occurred here. After that, tribulations spread to all regions. The Battle of Jamal and Siffin were direct results of the martyrdom of Sayyiduna Uthman radi Allahu anhu, while the cause of the Battle of Nahrawan (against the Khawarij) was the issue of arbitration that arose during the Battle of Siffin. Every conflict that took place in that era, whether directly or indirectly, was connected to the martyrdom of Uthman. Then, the greatest cause of the martyrdom of Sayyiduna Uthman radi Allahu anhu was the criticism of his governors and the reproach directed at him regarding the appointment of those governors. The beginning of this matter was from Iraq itself. Iraq is situated to the east of (Madinah Munawwarah). Thus, there is no contradiction between this hadith and the coming hadith that the land of tribulation is the East (i.e., Iraq).” [فتح الباري: 13/13]

Hadith Commentary:
The prophecy of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was proven true word for word, and after his separation, the doors of tribulations were opened.

Usamah bin Zayd bin Harithah Quda‘i is the son of Umm Ayman, who was the slave woman of the Prophet’s sallallahu alayhi wa sallam noble father, Abdullah, and who had raised the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam in her lap. Usamah was the son of Zayd, who was also a beloved servant of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam. At the time of the Prophet’s sallallahu alayhi wa sallam passing, his age was 20 years, and later he began residing in Wadi al-Qura. After the martyrdom of Uthman al-Ghani radi Allahu anhu, he passed away there—may Allah be pleased with him and grant him His pleasure.

Zaynab bint Jahsh is among the Mothers of the Believers; her mother’s name was Umayyah, who was the daughter of Abdul Muttalib and thus the paternal aunt of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam. Zaynab was the wife of Zayd bin Harithah radi Allahu anhu, the freed slave of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam. Later, Zayd radi Allahu anhu divorced her. In the year 5 AH, she entered the sacred household of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam.

No woman surpassed her in piety. She was the most God-fearing, the most truthful in speech, and the most generous. Among the wives of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, she was the first to pass away after his death, in the year 20 or 21 AH, at the age of 53, in Madinah—may Allah be pleased with her and grant her His pleasure.

Hadith Commentary:
➊
The prophecy of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) proved true: the trials (fitan) that began from Madinah Tayyibah have not ceased to this day.
The martyrdom of Uthman (radi Allahu anhu) took place in Madinah Tayyibah, and with it, the door to tribulations was opened.
The cause of the Battle of Jamal and the Battle of Siffin was also the martyrdom of Uthman (radi Allahu anhu).
The Battle of Nahrawan occurred due to the arbitration (tahkim), and this too was decided at the time of the Battle of Siffin.

➋
The reason for the martyrdom of Uthman (radi Allahu anhu) was the objections raised against the governors and officials he had appointed, and this movement arose from the land of tribulations, Iraq, which is to the east of Madinah Tayyibah, as indicated beforehand by the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
In this hadith, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) pointed out the occurrence of tribulations so that the people of Madinah would prepare to deal with them, but they should not be interested in them; rather, they should continue to seek refuge with Allah from these tribulations and pray that Allah keeps them safe from them.
(Fath al-Bari: 18/13)

Hadith Commentary:
The Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam ascended a high place in Madinah; the chapter heading is derived from this, on the condition that it does not result in the exposure of the privacy of the neighborhood's residents.

This hadith contains an indication that great trials and turmoil were to occur in Madinah.

These indeed manifested in later times, especially during the era of Yazid, when Madinah was devastated and ruined.

Many people of Madinah were killed, and for several days, prayers in the Prophet’s Mosque (Haram Nabawi) were suspended.

Then, by Allah’s grace, that period came to an end.

Especially in the present era, under Saudi rule, Madinah Munawwarah has become a cradle of peace and security.

All kinds of facilities are available.

Madinah is increasingly becoming a marketplace for trade and employment.

May Allah keep this government established and enduring, ameen.

And may He grant Madinah Munawwarah ever-increasing progress and splendor.

The humble writer, in the latter part of his precious life, in the year 1390 AH, found Madinah Sharif in such a state of progress and vibrancy that it is worthy of being remembered always.

May Allah, the Exalted, show this city of His beloved sallallahu alayhi wa sallam to me once again, ameen.

Hadith Commentary:
The purpose of this chapter heading is to establish the permissibility of constructing upper stories (balakhana).
Some people consider it disliked (makruh), arguing that it leads to becoming aware of the conditions and faults of neighbors.
However, its permissibility is conditional upon not causing harm to neighbors or passersby.
The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) ascended a tall building in Madinah Tayyibah.
Imam Bukhari (rahimahullah) has established its permissibility from this, on the condition that one does not look upon a veiled person nor cause their unveiling.
If there is a possibility of peering into others’ houses or if neighbors feel discomfort, then one should refrain from constructing an upper story.

Hadith Commentary:
This is a reference to the tribulations that arose after the martyrdom of Uthman (radi Allahu anhu).
These tribulations raised their head in such a way that their destructive effects remain to this day.

Hadith Commentary:
➊
A fortress built from stones is called "Atm" (أطم), the plural of which is "Atam" (آطام). The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) likened the abundance of tribulations (fitan) to raindrops, meaning that tribulations will erupt in your homes just as torrential rain pours down.
These tribulations will engulf all people, and no one will remain safe from them.
Accordingly, after the oppressed martyrdom of Uthman (radi Allahu anhu), tribulations broke out.
For example:
The incident of Harrah or the other battles of Madinah.
These tribulations caused such devastation that their destructive effects persist to this day.
➋
This hadith alludes to those battles that took place among the noble Companions (radi Allahu anhum).
And Allah knows best.

Benefit:
This hadith alludes to the abundance of tribulations; in every era, various tribulations arise. The way to attain salvation from them is to hold firmly to the Qur'an and Hadith.