صحيح البخاري
Bukhari
كتاب فضائل المدينةThe Book About The Virtues Or Al-Madina.
بَابُ حَرَمِ الْمَدِينَةِ:Chapter. Haram (sanctuary) of Al-Madina.
Hadith 1870
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : " مَا عِنْدَنَا شَيْءٌ إِلَّا كِتَابُ اللَّهِ ، وَهَذِهِ الصَّحِيفَةُ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْمَدِينَةُ ، حَرَمٌ مَا بَيْنَ عَائِرٍ إِلَى كَذَا مَنْ أَحْدَثَ فِيهَا حَدَثًا ، أَوْ آوَى مُحْدِثًا فَعَلَيْهِ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ ، وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ ، وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ ، لَا يُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ صَرْفٌ ، وَلَا عَدْلٌ ، وَقَالَ : " ذِمَّةُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَاحِدَةٌ فَمَنْ أَخْفَرَ مُسْلِمًا فَعَلَيْهِ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ ، وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ ، وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ ، لَا يُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ صَرْفٌ ، وَلَا عَدْلٌ ، وَمَنْ تَوَلَّى قَوْمًا بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ مَوَالِيهِ ، فَعَلَيْهِ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ ، وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ ، وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ ، لَا يُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ صَرْفٌ وَلَا عَدْلٌ " ، قَالَ أَبُو عَبْد اللَّهِ : عَدْلٌ فِدَاءٌ .
Narrated `Ali: We have nothing except the Book of Allah and this written paper from the Prophet (wherein is written:) Medina is a sanctuary from the 'Air Mountain to such and such a place, and whoever innovates in it an heresy or commits a sin, or gives shelter to such an innovator in it will incur the curse of Allah, the angels, and all the people, none of his compulsory or optional good deeds of worship will be accepted. And the asylum (of protection) granted by any Muslim is to be secured (respected) by all the other Muslims; and whoever betrays a Muslim in this respect incurs the curse of Allah, the angels, and all the people, and none of his compulsory or optional good deeds of worship will be accepted, and whoever (freed slave) befriends (take as masters) other than his manumitters without their permission incurs the curse of Allah, the angels, and all the people, and none of his compulsory or optional good deeds of worship will be accepted.
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Abdul Sattar al-Hammad
Hadith Commentary:
(1)
Imam Bukhari rahimahullah has also deduced from this hadith the sanctity (haram) of Madinah Tayyibah. Its trees should not be cut, nor should its game be hunted. However, the three Imams (Imam Malik, Imam Shafi'i, and Imam Ahmad) do not consider any expiation (fidya) obligatory for committing these acts, whereas Imam Abu Hanifah rahimahullah does not recognize Madinah Tayyibah as a haram. Rather, he considers it permissible to cut the trees of Madinah and to hunt its game. According to him, the meaning of the aforementioned ahadith is to preserve the beauty of Madinah so that people remain familiar with Madinah Tayyibah and do not feel estranged from it. However, this position is refuted by the ahadith. The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam himself said: "Ibrahim alayhis salam declared Makkah a sanctuary (haram), and I declare Madinah Tayyibah to be sacred (worthy of respect)."
(2)
This hadith also refutes those Rawafid and Shia individuals who claim that Ali radi Allahu anhu possessed a testament (wasiyyah) from the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, in which the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam secretly instructed Ali radi Allahu anhu with certain matters, and that it contained the secrets of the religion.
(3)
Imam Bukhari rahimahullah has interpreted "adl" to mean expiation (fidya). This meaning is also acceptable.
(1)
Imam Bukhari rahimahullah has also deduced from this hadith the sanctity (haram) of Madinah Tayyibah. Its trees should not be cut, nor should its game be hunted. However, the three Imams (Imam Malik, Imam Shafi'i, and Imam Ahmad) do not consider any expiation (fidya) obligatory for committing these acts, whereas Imam Abu Hanifah rahimahullah does not recognize Madinah Tayyibah as a haram. Rather, he considers it permissible to cut the trees of Madinah and to hunt its game. According to him, the meaning of the aforementioned ahadith is to preserve the beauty of Madinah so that people remain familiar with Madinah Tayyibah and do not feel estranged from it. However, this position is refuted by the ahadith. The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam himself said: "Ibrahim alayhis salam declared Makkah a sanctuary (haram), and I declare Madinah Tayyibah to be sacred (worthy of respect)."
(2)
This hadith also refutes those Rawafid and Shia individuals who claim that Ali radi Allahu anhu possessed a testament (wasiyyah) from the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, in which the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam secretly instructed Ali radi Allahu anhu with certain matters, and that it contained the secrets of the religion.
(3)
Imam Bukhari rahimahullah has interpreted "adl" to mean expiation (fidya). This meaning is also acceptable.
Source: Hidayat al-Qari: Commentary on Sahih Bukhari, Urdu, Page: 1870
