صحيح البخاري
Bukhari
كتاب الزكاةThe Book of Zakat
بَابُ إِذَا تَصَدَّقَ عَلَى ابْنِهِ وَهُوَ لاَ يَشْعُرُ:Chapter. If a person gives something in charity to his own son unknowingly.
Hadith 1422
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْرَائِيلُ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْجُوَيْرِيَةِ ، أَنَّ مَعْنَ بْنَ يَزِيدَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ حَدَّثَهُ ، قَالَ : " بَايَعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَا , وَأَبِي , وَجَدِّي , وَخَطَبَ عَلَيَّ فَأَنْكَحَنِي , وَخَاصَمْتُ إِلَيْهِ ، وَكَانَ أَبِي يَزِيدُ أَخْرَجَ دَنَانِيرَ يَتَصَدَّقُ بِهَا فَوَضَعَهَا عِنْدَ رَجُلٍ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَجِئْتُ فَأَخَذْتُهَا فَأَتَيْتُهُ بِهَا ، فَقَالَ : وَاللَّهِ مَا إِيَّاكَ أَرَدْتُ فَخَاصَمْتُهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ : لَكَ مَا نَوَيْتَ يَا يَزِيدُ وَلَكَ مَا أَخَذْتَ يَا مَعْنُ" .
Narrated Ma'n bin Yazid: My grandfather, my father and I gave the pledge of allegiance to Allah's Apostle. The Prophet got me engaged and then got me married. One day I went to the Prophet with a complaint. My father Yazid had taken some gold coins for charity and kept them with a man in the mosque (to give them to the poor) But I went and took them and brought them to him (my father). My father said, "By Allah! I did not intend to give them to you. " I took (the case) to Allah's Apostle . On that Allah's Apostle said, "O Yazid! You will be rewarded for what you intended. O Man! Whatever you have taken is yours."
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Dawood Raz
Hadith Commentary:
Imam Abu Hanifah and Imam Muhammad hold the view that if, out of ignorance, a father gives obligatory zakat to his son, the zakat is considered fulfilled. Other scholars say that its repetition is obligatory, while according to the Ahl al-Hadith, in any case, it is fulfilled.
Rather, giving zakat to dear and close relatives who are in need is even more rewarding.
Sayyid Allamah Nawab Siddiq Hasan Khan Sahib rahimahullah has said that there are numerous evidences establishing that giving charity to relatives is more virtuous, whether the charity is obligatory or voluntary, and among the relatives, the explicit mention of husband and children is found in the hadith of Abu Sa'id radi Allahu anhu.
(Maulana Waheed al-Zaman)
Reflecting on the content of the hadith, it becomes clear how compassionate and merciful the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was, and with what breadth of heart he presented the concept of religion.
He explained to both the father and the son in such a way that both achieved their objectives and no dispute remained.
His statement was based on that fundamental principle which is explained in the hadith "Innamal a'malu binniyat" (Actions are judged by intentions), that the validity of actions depends on intentions.
Even today, there is a need for scholars and jurists to act with such broad-mindedness, so that instead of creating difficulties for the Ummah, they provide ease within the boundaries of the Shari'ah, and study the religion of fitrah (natural disposition) with as much open-heartedness as possible, for this is greatly needed in the present circumstances.
The era of the jurists has passed when they would establish arenas of debate over every single detail, to the extent that, being fed up with this, Shaykh Sa'di rahimahullah had to say:
The jurists have made the way of argumentation,
Why do we not submit, they have cast us into dispute.
Imam Abu Hanifah and Imam Muhammad hold the view that if, out of ignorance, a father gives obligatory zakat to his son, the zakat is considered fulfilled. Other scholars say that its repetition is obligatory, while according to the Ahl al-Hadith, in any case, it is fulfilled.
Rather, giving zakat to dear and close relatives who are in need is even more rewarding.
Sayyid Allamah Nawab Siddiq Hasan Khan Sahib rahimahullah has said that there are numerous evidences establishing that giving charity to relatives is more virtuous, whether the charity is obligatory or voluntary, and among the relatives, the explicit mention of husband and children is found in the hadith of Abu Sa'id radi Allahu anhu.
(Maulana Waheed al-Zaman)
Reflecting on the content of the hadith, it becomes clear how compassionate and merciful the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was, and with what breadth of heart he presented the concept of religion.
He explained to both the father and the son in such a way that both achieved their objectives and no dispute remained.
His statement was based on that fundamental principle which is explained in the hadith "Innamal a'malu binniyat" (Actions are judged by intentions), that the validity of actions depends on intentions.
Even today, there is a need for scholars and jurists to act with such broad-mindedness, so that instead of creating difficulties for the Ummah, they provide ease within the boundaries of the Shari'ah, and study the religion of fitrah (natural disposition) with as much open-heartedness as possible, for this is greatly needed in the present circumstances.
The era of the jurists has passed when they would establish arenas of debate over every single detail, to the extent that, being fed up with this, Shaykh Sa'di rahimahullah had to say:
The jurists have made the way of argumentation,
Why do we not submit, they have cast us into dispute.
Source: Sahih Bukhari: Commentary by Maulana Dawood Raz, Page: 1422
Shaykh Abdul Sattar al-Hammad
Hadith Commentary:
(1)
From this hadith, it is understood that if a father unknowingly gives zakat to his needy son, it will be considered fulfilled, and there is no need to give it again. In fact, giving zakat to needy relatives and family members brings greater reward. Whether charity is obligatory (fard) or voluntary (nafl), giving it to one's husband or other relatives is established from other ahadith as well.
(2)
This hadith also shows that if a father gives charity or alms to a deserving child among his children, he does not have the right to take it back. However, in the case of a gift (hiba) and similar matters, the father's right to take it back remains as before.
(3)
This hadith also indicates that it is not necessary to give charity personally; rather, appointing someone as an agent (wakil) on one's behalf is also permissible. This is because there is concealment in this, which is more beloved to Allah Ta'ala, and by doing so, a person is also protected from showing off (riya’).
And Allah knows best.
(1)
From this hadith, it is understood that if a father unknowingly gives zakat to his needy son, it will be considered fulfilled, and there is no need to give it again. In fact, giving zakat to needy relatives and family members brings greater reward. Whether charity is obligatory (fard) or voluntary (nafl), giving it to one's husband or other relatives is established from other ahadith as well.
(2)
This hadith also shows that if a father gives charity or alms to a deserving child among his children, he does not have the right to take it back. However, in the case of a gift (hiba) and similar matters, the father's right to take it back remains as before.
(3)
This hadith also indicates that it is not necessary to give charity personally; rather, appointing someone as an agent (wakil) on one's behalf is also permissible. This is because there is concealment in this, which is more beloved to Allah Ta'ala, and by doing so, a person is also protected from showing off (riya’).
And Allah knows best.
Source: Hidayat al-Qari: Commentary on Sahih Bukhari, Urdu, Page: 1422
