Bukhari

Hadith Commentary:
There are some signs of the Day of Judgment which will appear first, and then after them, the Day of Judgment will be established.
In this hadith, it is mentioned that the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) feared that the Day of Judgment might occur during his own lifetime, even though at that time none of its signs could be observed.
Therefore, regarding this portion of the hadith, it has been said that he stood in such a manner as if the Day of Judgment would come immediately, as if the intention is to convey his state of awe and fear. Upon witnessing the signs of Allah, this is the condition that befalls a humble and submissive person.
Whenever the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) saw clouds gathering or a storm arising, this same state would overtake him (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
It is correct that the signs of the Day of Judgment had not yet appeared.
But whoever is lost in the majestic and overpowering attributes of Allah cannot engage in contemplation at such moments.
Umar (radi Allahu anhu) himself was given the glad tidings of Paradise by the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), yet he used to say that if, on the Day of Resurrection, my matter ends up being balanced (i.e., neither in favor nor against), I would be content with that.
This was also for the same reason.
In short, if one looks with reflection, deliberation, and fairness, it will become clear that the reality of the lunar and solar eclipses has been explained by the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) in such comprehensive words that all current and future scientific knowledge is encompassed within this single statement.
Without a doubt, all modern inventions and current scientific discoveries are signs of the power of Allah the Exalted.
He alone is the original Creator of all, Who granted mankind a priceless mind for these inventions.
So blessed is Allah, the best of creators, and all praise is due to Allah, Lord of the worlds.

Qadi al-Kirmani said: This is a metaphor from the narrator, as if he was alarmed like one who fears the coming of the Day of Judgment. Otherwise, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) knew that the Hour would not be established while he was among them, and Allah had promised the supremacy of his religion over all other religions, and the Book had not yet reached its appointed term.
That is, Kirmani said that this is a metaphor from the narrator, as if the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was so anxious as if fearing the coming of the Day of Judgment.
Otherwise, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) knew that the Day of Judgment would not be established during his presence, and Allah had promised him that before the Day of Judgment, his religion would prevail over all religions, and he also knew that regarding the Day of Judgment, Allah’s decree had not yet reached its appointed time.
And Allah knows best what is correct, and upon us is only to convey (the message).

Hadith Commentary:
(1)
The analogy of the coming of the Day of Judgment is from the narrator, as if the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) became so fearful as one would be who is afraid of the coming of the Day of Judgment. Otherwise, he knew that the Day of Judgment would not occur during his presence.
In any case, in such situations, one should seek forgiveness (istighfar), because it is a miraculous remedy for averting calamities.

(2)
In this hadith, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) has explained the reality of the solar and lunar eclipses in such comprehensive words that all the current knowledge of science is encompassed within this single statement.
Undoubtedly, all the inventions of science are signs of Allah’s power.
The originator of all these is He who granted mankind an invaluable intellect for these inventions.
So blessed is Allah, the best of creators.

1504. Commentary:

➊ The narrator of the hadith inferred from the Prophet’s (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) anxiety and haste that perhaps he felt the danger of the Hour (Qiyamah) had arrived; not that the danger of the Hour had actually arisen for him, because the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) had described many signs of the Hour, of which, except for his own prophethood, none had yet been fulfilled. It has also been said that perhaps due to anxiety, his mind did not turn to those signs, or that until that time, the other signs had not yet been revealed to him, even though this incident occurred only four or four and a half months before his passing. The last two reasons are weak.

➋ There is no incident of a lunar eclipse (chand grahan) transmitted in the hadith, but in all the narrations, the sun and the moon are mentioned together, and the rulings are also given collectively. Therefore, on the occasion of a lunar eclipse as well, the eclipse prayer (salat al-kusuf) will be performed in the same manner, and the other rulings will also apply. The Hanafis, due to certain considerations, did not deem it appropriate to perform the prayer in congregation during a lunar eclipse, but the narrations explicitly contradict them.

➌ Forty-five (45) narrations have been mentioned regarding the eclipse prayer (salat al-kusuf), all related to this one incident. Some are detailed, some are concise, and in some, there is also confusion and misunderstanding. Therefore, by combining all the narrations, the overall understanding of the incident that emerges will be considered reliable. Moreover, if in a solitary narration there is something contrary to the majority of narrations, it will not be given consideration; rather, it will be regarded as a mistake, even if the narrator is trustworthy, because this is the method for investigating any incident. And Allah knows best.