المنتقى ابن الجارود
Al-Muntaqa Ibn al-Jarud
كتاب الطلاقBook of Divorce
باب المكاتب والمدبر
Contracted and assigned slaves
Hadith 979
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ هَاشِمٍ ، قَالَ : أنا يَحْيَى ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلانَ ، قَالَ : ثني سَعِيدٌ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ : " ثَلاثَةٌ كُلُّهُمْ حَقٌّ عَلَى اللَّهِ عَوْنُهُ : الْمُجَاهِدُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ، وَالنَّاكِحُ لِيَسْتَعِفَّ ، وَالْمُكَاتَبُ الَّذِي يُرِيدُ الأَدَاءَ " .
Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: There are three persons whose help is incumbent upon Allah: (1) The one who fights in the path of Allah, (2) The one who marries to safeguard his chastity, (3) The mukatab (slave) who wishes to pay the amount of his contract.
Hadith 980
حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ هَاشِمٍ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى ، قَالَ : ثنا يَحْيَى ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلانَ ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، بِمِثْلِهِ .
This narration is also reported through another chain.
Hadith 981
حَدَّثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ، قَالَ : ثنا عَبْدَةُ ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا ، قَالَتْ : أَتَتْنِي بَرِيرَةُ ، فَقَالَتْ : إِنَّ أَهْلِي كَاتَبُونِي عَلَى تِسْعِ أَوَاقٍ فِي تِسْعِ سِنِينَ ، فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ أُوقِيَّةٌ ، فَأَعِينِينِي ، قَالَتْ : فَقُلْتُ إِنْ أَحَبَّ أَهْلُكِ أَنْ أَعُدَّهَا لَهُمْ عَدَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَأُعْتِقَكِ فَعَلْتُ ، وَيَكُونُ لِي وَلاؤُكِ ، فَذَهَبَتْ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا فَكَلَّمَتْهُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ ، فَأَبَوْا إِلا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُمُ الْوَلاءُ ، فَأَتَتْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا ، فَأَخْبَرَتْهَا بِالَّذِي قَالَ لَهَا أَهْلُهَا ، فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا : فَلا إِذًا ، فَسَأَلَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَأَخْبَرَتْهُ بِالَّذِي قَالُوا ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِعَائِشَةَ : " اشْتَرِيهَا فَأَعْتِقِيهَا وَاشْتَرِطِي لَهُمُ الْوَلاءَ فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ " ، ثُمَّ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : " مَا بَالُ رِجَالٍ مِنْكُمْ يَشْتَرِطُونَ شُرُوطًا لَيْسَتْ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ، مَا كَانَ مِنْ شَرْطٍ لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَإِنَّهُ بَاطِلٌ ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مِائَةَ شَرْطٍ ، قَضَاءُ اللَّهِ أَحَقُّ وَشَرْطُ اللَّهِ أَوْثَقُ ، مَا بَالُ رِجَالٍ مِنْكُمْ يَقُولُ أَحَدُهُمْ : أَعْتِقْ يَا فُلانُ وَلِيَ الْوَلاءُ ، إِنَّمَا الْوَلاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ " .
Lady Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates that Barirah (may Allah be pleased with her), a slave woman, came to me and said: My masters have made a contract of manumission with me for nine uqiyah of silver over nine years, which I will pay as one uqiyah each year, so please help me. I said: If your masters wish that I pay them the entire amount at once and set you free, and the right of wala’ (allegiance) goes to me, then I am ready to do this. She went to her masters and spoke to them about this, but they refused to give the wala’. She came to Lady Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) and informed her of her masters’ reply, so Lady Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said: Then I will not pay the price. So they asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) about this and told him what (the masters) had said. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Lady Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her): Buy her and set her free, and stipulate the condition of wala’ with them, for the right of wala’ belongs only to the one who sets free. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) stood up and addressed the people, praised and glorified Allah, then said: What is the matter with some people among you who stipulate conditions that are not in the Book of Allah? Any condition that is not in the Book of Allah is invalid, even if there are a hundred such conditions. The decision of Allah is the truth, and the condition of Allah is the firmest. What is the matter with some people among you that one of them says: O so-and-so! Set her free, but the wala’ will be mine? No! The wala’ belongs only to the one who sets free.
Hadith 982
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى ، قَالَ : ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ ، قَالَ : أنا عَلِيٌّ يَعْنِي ابْنَ الْمُبَارَكِ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " قَضَى فِي الْمُكَاتَبِ إِذَا قُتِلَ أَنْ يُؤَدَّى بِقَدْرِ مَا عَتَقَ مِنْهُ دِيَةُ الْحُرِّ " ، وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا : لا يُقَامُ عَلَى الْمُكَاتَبِ إِلا حَدُّ الْمَمْلُوكِ .
Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave the ruling: If a *mukatab* (a slave who has made a contract with his master to pay a certain amount in order to gain his freedom) is killed, then the amount of blood money corresponding to the portion he has gained freedom for will be paid as for a free man, and for the portion he remains a slave, the blood money will be paid as for a slave. Ibn Abbas says: The punishment for a *mukatab* will be the same as that for a slave.
Hadith 983
حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ الْمُقْرِئِ ، قَالَ : ثنا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : " دَبَّرَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ غُلامًا لَهُ ، فَبَاعَهُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " .
Sayyiduna Jabir reports that an Ansari man declared his slave as Mudabbar (i.e., said: "After my death, you are free"), so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sold him.
Hadith 984
حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ ، قَالَ : ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ ، قَالَ : أنا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ ، قَالَ : أَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا ، يَقُولُ : أَعْتَقَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ غُلامًا لَهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ مَالٌ غَيْرَهُ عَنْ دُبُرٍ مِنْهُ ، فَسَأَلَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : مَنْ يَبْتَاعُهُ مِنِّي ، فَقَالَ نُعَيْمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ : أَنَا ابْتَاعُهُ فَابْتَاعَهُ " ، قَالَ عَمْرٌو : وَقَالَ جَابِرٌ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ غُلامًا قِبْطِيًّا مَاتَ عَامَ الأَوَّلِ : قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ : وَزَادَ فِيهِ أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ يُقَالُ لَهُ : يَعْقُوبُ .
Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with both of them) narrates that during the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), a man instructed that his slave be freed after his death, and he had no wealth other than that slave. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) asked: Who will buy this slave from me? Nu'aym bin Abdullah said: I will buy him, so he bought him. Amr bin Dinar says that Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with both of them) said: He was a Coptic slave, who died in the very first year. Abu al-Zubair has added that the (slave's) name was Ya'qub.
