المنتقى ابن الجارود
Al-Muntaqa Ibn al-Jarud
كتاب الطلاقBook of Divorce
باب في القسامة
Qasamah (oath in murder cases)
Hadith 797
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ ، أَنَّ ابْنَ وَهْبٍ ، أَخْبَرَهُمْ قَالَ : أَنِي يُونُسُ ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، قَالَ : أَنِي أَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " أَقَرَّ الْقَسَامَةَ عَلَى مَا كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ " .
An Ansari companion narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) maintained Qasamah in the same manner as it was in the pre-Islamic era.
Hadith 798
حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ الْمُقْرِئِ ، قَالَ : ثنا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى يَعْنِي ابْنَ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ ، قَالَ : وُجِدَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ قَتِيلا ، وَقَالَ مَرَّةً : مَيِّتًا فِي قَلِيبٍ مِنْ قُلَبِ خَيْبَرَ ، أَوْ فَقِيرٍ مِنْ فُقُرِهَا ، فَجَاءَ عَمَّاهُ وَأَخُوهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ ، وَقَدْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَتَكَلَّمَ أَخُوهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ ، فَقَالَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " الْكُبْرَ الْكُبْرَ ، فَتَكَلَّمَ مُحَيِّصَةُ فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، إِنَّا وَجَدْنَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ قَتِيلا فِي قَلِيبٍ مِنْ قُلَبِ خَيْبَرَ ، قَالَ : " فَيُقْسِمُ مِنْكُمْ خَمْسُونَ أَنَّ يَهُودَ قَتَلَتْهُ " قَالُوا : فَكَيْفَ نُقْسِمُ عَلَى مَا لَمْ نَرَ ؟ قَالَ : فَسَتُبِرِّئُكُمْ يَهُودُ بِخَمْسِينَ ، قَالُوا : كَيْفَ نَرْضَى بِهِمْ وَهُمْ مُشْرِكُونَ ؟ وَقَالَ ابْنُ الْمُقْرِئِ : وَقَالَ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى : فَقَالَ : تُبَرِّئُكُمْ يَهُودُ بِخَمْسِينَ يَحْلِفُونَ أَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَقْتُلُوهُ وَلَمْ يَعْلَمُوا قَاتِلا ، فَقَالُوا : كَيْفَ نَرْضَى بِأَيْمَانِ قَوْمٍ مُشْرِكِينَ ؟ قَالَ : فَيُقْسِمُ مِنْكُمْ خَمْسُونَ أَنَّهُمْ قَتَلُوهُ ، قَالُوا : كَيْفَ نَحْلِفُ وَلَمْ نَرَ ؟ فَوَادَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ ، فَرَكَضَتْنِي بَكْرَةٌ مِنْهَا " .
Sayyiduna Sahl bin Abi Hathmah رضي الله عنه narrates that Abdullah bin Sahl was found murdered or dead in a well or pit in Khaybar. His two paternal uncles and his brother Abdur Rahman bin Sahl, who had also participated in the Battle of Badr, came to the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم. His brother Abdur Rahman began to speak, but the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said: Let the elder speak. So Muhayyisah spoke and said: O Messenger of Allah! We found Abdullah murdered in a well in Khaybar. The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said: Fifty men from among you should swear oaths that the Jews killed him. They said: How can we swear an oath about something we did not see? The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said: Then the Jews will swear fifty oaths and be acquitted of the charge. They said: How can we accept their oaths when they are polytheists? Ibn Maqri says: In one narration, it is mentioned that the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said: The Jews will swear fifty oaths and be acquitted from you, that they neither killed him nor do they know the killer. They said: How can we accept the oaths of polytheists? He said: Then fifty men from among you should swear oaths that they (the Jews) killed him. They said: How can we swear without having seen it? So the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم paid the blood money from his own side. One of the she-camels among them kicked me on the leg.
Hadith 799
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى ، قَالَ : ثنا بِشْرُ بْنُ عُمَرَ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَنَسٍ ، يَقُولُ : ثني أَبُو لَيْلَى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ ، أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ هُو وَرِجَالٍ مِنْ كُبَرَاءِ قَوْمِهِ ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ ، وَمُحَيِّصَةَ خَرَجَا إِلَى خَيْبَرَ مِنْ جُهْدٍ أَصَابَهُمْ ، فَأُتِيَ مُحَيِّصَةُ ، فَأُخْبِرَ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ قَدْ قُتِلَ وَطُرِحَ فِي فَقِيرٍ أَوْ عَيْنٍ ، فَأَتَى يَهُودَ ، فَقَالَ : أَنْتُمْ وَاللَّهِ قَتَلْتُمُوهُ ، قَالُوا : وَاللَّهِ مَا قَتَلْنَاهُ ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ فَذَكَرَ لَهُمْ ذَلِكَ ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ هُوَ وَأَخُوهُ حُوَيِّصَةُ لِيَتَكَلْم وَهُوَ أَكْبَرُ مِنْهُ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ ، فَذَهَبَ مُحَيِّصَةُ لَيَتَكَلَّمَ وَهُوَ الَّذِي كَانَ بِخَيْبَرَ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِمُحَيِّصَةَ : " كَبِّرْ كَبِّرْ ، يُرِيدُ السِّنَّ ، فَتَكَلَّمَ حُوَيِّصَةُ ثُمَّ تَكَلَّمَ مُحَيِّصَةُ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : إِمَّا أَنْ يُرِيدُوا صَاحِبَكُمْ ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ يُؤْذِنُوا بِحَرْبٍ ، فَكَتَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَيْهِمْ فِي ذَلِكَ ، فَكَتَبُوا : إِنَّا وَاللَّهِ مَا قَتَلْنَاهُ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِحُوَيِّصَةَ وَمُحَيِّصَةَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ : تَحْلِفُونَ وَتَسْتَحِقُّونَ دَمَ صَاحِبِكُمْ ؟ قَالُوا : لا ، قَالَ : فَتَحْلِفُ لَكُمْ يَهُودُ ؟ قَالُوا : لَيْسُوا مُسْلِمَيْنِ ، فَوَدَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمِائَةِ نَاقَةٍ حَتَّى أُدْخِلَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي الدَّارِ " ، قَالَ سَهْلٌ : فَلَقَدْ رَكَضَتْنِي مِنْهَا نَاقَةٌ حَمْرَاءُ .
Abu Layla bin Abdullah bin Abdur Rahman narrates from the elders of his tribe that Abdullah bin Sahal and Muhayyisa set out towards Khaybar due to some calamity. Then someone came to Muhayyisa and informed him that Abdullah bin Sahal had been killed and thrown into a pit or a spring. He (Muhayyisa) went to the Jews and said: By Allah! You have killed him. They said: By Allah! We did not kill him. Then he returned to his people and informed them of the incident. Then he, his elder brother Huwayyisa, and Abdur Rahman bin Sahal (came to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him). Muhayyisa, who was in Khaybar, began to speak, so the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said to Muhayyisa: Let the elder speak. Huwayyisa spoke, and afterwards Muhayyisa spoke. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Either they will pay the blood money for your companion or be prepared for war. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, wrote to them about this, and they replied in writing: By Allah! We did not kill him. So the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said to Huwayyisa, Muhayyisa, and Abdur Rahman: Can you swear an oath and thus become entitled to your companion’s blood? They said: No! He said: Then let the Jews swear oaths for you. They said: They are not Muslims. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, paid the blood money from his own side. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, sent one hundred camels to them until they were brought into their house. Sahal narrates: One of those red she-camels kicked me.
Hadith 800
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى ، قَالَ : ثنا أَبُو النُّعْمَانِ ، قَالَ : ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ ، قَالَ : ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ ، وَرَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ ، أَنَّهُمَا حَدَّثَاهُ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ وَمُحَيِّصَةَ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ أتيا خيبر لحاجة ، فتفرقا في نخلها ، فقتل عبد الله بن سهل ، فأتى أخوه النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ وَابْنَا عَمِّهِ مُحَيِّصَةُ وَحُوَيِّصَةُ ابْنَا مَسْعُودٍ فَبَدَأَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ يَتَكَلَّمُ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : كَبِّرِ الْكُبْرَ ، يَقُولُ : يَبْدَأُ بِالْكَلامِ الأَكْبَرُ ، وَكَانَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ أَصْغَرَ مِنْ صَاحِبَيْهِ ، فَتَكَلَّمَا فِي قَتْلِ صَاحِبِهِمَا ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " اسْتَحِقُّوا قَتِيلَكُمْ وَصَاحِبَكُمْ بِأَيْمَانِ خَمْسِينَ مِنْكُمْ ، فَقَالُوا : لَمْ نَشْهَدْ فَكَيْفَ نَحْلِفُ ؟ فَقَالَ : تُبَرِّئُكُمْ يَهُودُ بِأَيْمَانِ خَمْسِينَ مِنْهُمْ ، فَقَالُوا : قَوْمٌ كُفَّارٌ ، قَالَ : فَوَادَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ سَهْلٌ : فَأَدْرَكْتُ نَاقَةً مِنَ الإِبِلِ رَكَضَتْنِي رَكْضَةً مِنْ مِرْبَدٍ لَهُمْ " .
Sayyiduna Sahl bin Abi Hathmah and Sayyiduna Rafi’ bin Khadij (may Allah be pleased with them) narrate that Abdullah bin Sahl and Muhayyisah bin Mas’ud set out towards Khaybar for some need, and in its orchard they separated from each other. Abdullah bin Sahl was killed. Then his brother Abdur Rahman bin Sahl and two sons of his uncle, Huwayyisah and Muhayyisah bin Mas’ud, came to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Abdur Rahman bin Sahl began to speak, but the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: Let the elder speak. He (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was saying: Let the elder begin to speak. Abdur Rahman was the youngest of them. So they spoke about the killing of their companion. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: Fifty men from among you should swear oaths and become entitled to the blood money of your companion or the slain. They said: How can we swear oaths when we were not present there? He said: Then fifty men from among the Jews will swear oaths and be acquitted from you. They said: But they are disbelieving people. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) paid the blood money. Sahl says: I caught one of the she-camels from among those camels, and it kicked me in the enclosure.
