اللؤلؤ والمرجان
Lu'lu' wal-Marjan
كتاب الجهادBook of Jihad
باب قول النبي صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم لا نورث ما تركنا فهو صدقة
Prophet’s saying: “We do not inherit; what we leave is charity”
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Hadith 1148
1148 صحيح حديث عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ أَزْوَاجَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، حِينَ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، أَرَدْنَ أَنْ يَبْعَثْنَ عُثْمَانَ إِلَى بَكْرٍ يَسْأَلْنَهُ مِيرَاثَهُنَّ، فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: أَلَيْسَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : لاَ نَورَثُ، مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ
Hazrat Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away, his wives wanted to send Hazrat Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) to Hazrat Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) to request their share of inheritance. Then Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) reminded them, "Did the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) not say that our inheritance is not distributed? Whatever we leave behind is all charity."
Hadith 1149
1149 صحيح حديث عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ عَلَيْهِا السَّلاَمُ، بِنْتَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، أَرْسَلَتْ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ تَسْأَلُهُ مِيَراثَهَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَفَدَكٍ وَمَا بَقِيَ مِنْ خُمُسِ خَيْبَرَ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ: لاَ نُورَثُ، مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ، إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي هذَا الْمَالَ وَإِنِّي، وَاللهِ لاَ أُغَيِّرُ شَيْئًا مِنْ صَدَقَةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ حَالِهَا الَّتِي كَان عَلَيْهَا فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَلأَعْمَلَنَّ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَبى أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ إِلَى فَاطِمَةَ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا فَوَجَدَتْ فَاطِمَةُ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَهَجَرَتْهُ، فَلَمْ تُكَلِّمْهُ حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَتْ وَعَاشَتْ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ، فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَتْ دَفَنَهَا زَوْجُهَا عَلِيٌّ لَيْلاً، وَلَمْ يُؤْذِنْ بِهَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ، وَصَلَّى عَلَيْهَا وَكَانَ لِعَلِيٍّ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَجْهٌ حَيَاةَ فَاطِمَةَ فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَتِ اسْتَنْكَرَ عَلِيٌّ وُجُوهَ النَّاسِ، فَالْتَمَسَ مُصَالَحَةَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَمُبَايَعَتَهُ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ يُبَايِعُ تِلْكَ الأَشْهُرَ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ: أَنِ ائْتِنَا، وَلاَ يَأْتِنَا أَحَدٌ مَعَكَ (كَرَاهِيَةً لِمَحْضَرِ عُمَرَ) فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: لاَ، وَاللهِ لاَ تَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَحْدَكَ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: وَمَا عَسِيْتَهُمْ أَنْ يَفْعَلُوا بِي وَاللهِ لآتِيَنَّهُمْ فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، فَتَشَهَّدَ عَلِيٌّ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّا قَدْ عَرَفْنَا فَضْلَكَ وَمَا أَعْطَاكَ اللهُ، وَلَمْ نَنْفَسْ عَلَيْكَ خَيْرًا سَاقَهُ اللهُ إِلَيْكَ، وَلكِنَّكَ اسْتَبْدَدْتَ عَلَيْنَا بِالأَمْرِ، وَكُنَّا نَرَى، لِقَرَابَتِنَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، نَصِيبًا حَتَّى فَاضَتْ عَيْنَا أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَلَمَّا تَكَلَّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَ: وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَقَرَابَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ أَصِلَ مِنْ قَرَابَتِي، وَأَمَّا الَّذِي شَجَرَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمْ مِنْ هذِهِ الأَمْوَالِ فَلَمْ آلُ فِيهَا عَنِ الْخَيْرِ، وَلَمْ أَتْرُكْ أَمْرًا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَصْنَعُهُ فِيهَا إِلاَّ صَنَعْتُهُ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ لأَبِي بَكْرٍ: مَوْعِدُكَ الْعَشِيَّةَ لِلْبَيْعَةِ فَلَمَّا صَلَّى أَبُو بَكْرٍ الظُّهْرَ، رَقِيَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ فَتَشَهَّدَ، وَذَكَرَ شَأْنَ عَلِيٍّ وَتَخَلُّفَهُ عَنِ الْبَيْعَةِ، وَعَذَ ْرهُ بِالَّذِي اعْتَذَرَ إِلَيْهِ ثُمَّ اسْتَغْفَرَ، وَتَشَهَّدَ عَلِيٌّ، فَعَظَّمَ حَقَّ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَحَدَّثَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَحْمِلْهُ عَلَى الَّذِي صَنَعَ، نَفَاسَةً عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَلاَ إِنْكَارًا لِلَّذِي فَضَّلَهُ اللهُ بِهِ، وَلكِنَّا نَرَى لَنَا فِي هذَا الأَمْرِ نَصِيبًا، فَاسْتَبَدَّ عَلَيْنَا، فَوَجَدْنَا فِي أَنْفُسِنَا فَسُرَّ بِذَلِكَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ، وَقَالُوا: أَصَبْتَ وَكَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ قَرِيبًا، حِينَ رَاجَعَ الأَمْرَ الْمَعْرُوفَ
Narrated Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her): The Prophet’s (peace and blessings be upon him) daughter Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) sent someone to Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) demanding her inheritance from the property which Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) had been granted by Allah in Medina and Fadak, and from the remaining fifth of the spoils of Khaybar. Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) replied that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had said, “We, the Prophets, do not leave inheritance; whatever we leave behind is charity. However, the family of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) will eat from this property. By Allah, I will not change anything in the charity left by the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). It will remain as it was during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and I will act regarding its distribution as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did in his lifetime.” Thus, Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) did not give anything to Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her). Upon this, Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) became upset with Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and stopped meeting him, and she did not speak to him until her death. Lady Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) lived for six months after the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). When she passed away, her husband Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) buried her at night and did not inform Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), and he himself led her funeral prayer. As long as Lady Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) was alive, people paid great attention to Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), but after her death, he noticed that people’s faces had turned away from him. At that time, he wished to reconcile with Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and to pledge allegiance to him. For six months prior, he had not pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). Then he sent for Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and requested that he come alone and not bring anyone with him; he did not want Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) to come with him. Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), “By Allah! Do not go to them alone.” Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said, “Why? What will they do to me? By Allah, I will surely go to them.” So he went to Ali (may Allah be pleased with him). Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) called Allah as witness and then said, “We acknowledge your virtue and excellence and all that Allah has granted you. We have not competed with you in any of the goodness and distinction that Allah has given you. But you have wronged us (by not consulting us in the matter of the caliphate). Because of our close relationship with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), we considered ourselves entitled (to be consulted).” Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) was overcome with tears at these words, and when he was able to speak, he said, “By Him in Whose hand is my soul, maintaining the ties of kinship with the relatives of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) is dearer to me than with my own relatives. But regarding the property over which there was a difference between me and you, I have not deviated from the truth and goodness, and in this matter, I have followed the path I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) take.” After this, Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), “I will pledge allegiance to you after midday.” So, after finishing the Zuhr prayer, Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) came to the pulpit, and after delivering a sermon, he mentioned the matter of Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) and his delay in pledging allegiance, and he also mentioned the excuse Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) had presented. Then Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), after seeking forgiveness and bearing witness, acknowledged the right and greatness of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and said, “What I did was not out of envy for Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), nor was it to deny the excellence and virtue that Allah has granted him. It was only that we considered ourselves entitled to be consulted in the matter of the caliphate, and it was this omission that caused us grief.” The Muslims were very pleased with this event and said, “You have spoken rightly.” When Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) adopted this appropriate course in the matter, the Muslims were pleased with him and began to love Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) even more when they saw that he had chosen the right path.
Hadith 1150
1150 صحيح حديث عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ عَلَيْهَا السَّلاَمُ، ابْنَةَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، سَأَلَتْ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ، بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، أَنْ يَقْسِمَ لَهَا مِيرَاثَهَا مَا تَرَكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ: لاَ نُورَثُ، مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ فَغَضِبَتْ فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَهَجَرَتْ أَبَا بَكْرٍ، فَلَمْ تَزَلْ مُهَاجِرَتَهُ حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَتْ وَعَاشَتْ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ قَالَتْ: وَكَانَتْ فَاطِمَةُ تَسْأَلُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ نَصِيبَهَا مِمَّا تَرَكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ وَفَدَكٍ، وَصَدَقَتِهِ ُ بَالْمَدِينَةِ فَأَبى أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَلَيْهَا ذَلِكَ وَقَالَ: لَسْتُ تَارِكًا شَيْئًا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَعْمَلُ بِهِ إِلاَّ عَمِلْتُ بِهِ، فَإِنِّي أَخْشى، إِنْ تَرَكْتُ شَيْئًا مِنْ أَمْرِهِ، أَنْ أَزِيغَ فَأَمَّا صَدَقَتُهُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَدَفَعَهَا عُمَرُ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ فَأَمَّا خَيْبَرُ وَفَدَكٌ فَأَمْسَكَهَا عُمَرُ، وَقَالَ: هُمَا صَدَقَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ كَانتَا لِحُقُوقِهِ الَّتِي تَعْرُوهُ وَنَوَائِبِهِ، وَأَمْرُهُمَا إِلَى مَنْ وَلِيَ الأَمْرَ فَهُمَا عَلَى ذلِكَ إِلَى الْيَوْمِ
Umm al-Mu’minin Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated that the daughter of the Noble Messenger (peace be upon him), Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her), after the death of the Prophet (peace be upon him), demanded from Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) that she be given her share of inheritance from the property which Allah had given to the Prophet (peace be upon him) as ‘fay’ (such as Fadak, etc.). Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) said to her that the Prophet (peace be upon him) had said (during his lifetime) that our (the group of Prophets’) inheritance is not distributed; whatever we leave behind is charity. Lady Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) became angry upon hearing this and stopped meeting Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), and did not meet him until her death. She lived for six months after the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). Aisha al-Siddiqa (may Allah be pleased with her) said that Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) had demanded from Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) the inheritance of the charity of Khaybar, Fadak, and Madinah of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) refused this. He said that I cannot leave any action which the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) used to do during his lifetime. I will certainly do every such action. I fear that if I leave any action of the Prophet (peace be upon him), I will deviate from the truth. (Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, said that) then the charity of Madinah of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was given by Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) to Ali and Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) during his caliphate. However, the properties of Khaybar and Fadak were withheld by Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and he said that both of these are the charity of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and were kept for those rights which arise temporarily or for temporary incidents. These properties will remain under the authority of the person who is the caliph of the time. (Zuhri said) Thus, the administration of these two properties continues in this manner (through the government) to this day.
Hadith 1151
1151 صحيح حديث أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رضي الله عنه، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ: لاَ يَقْتَسِمْ وَرَثَتِي دِينَارًا، مَا تَرَكْتُ، بَعْدَ نَفَقَةِ نِسَائِي وَمَئُونَةُ عَامِلِي، فَهُوَ صَدَقَةٌ
Hazrat Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Whoever are my heirs, if I leave behind any money or gold coins, they should not distribute it; after taking out the expenses of my wives and the expenses of the one managing my property, it is charity.
