اللؤلؤ والمرجان
Lu'lu' wal-Marjan
كتاب الوصيةBook of Bequests
باب ترك الوصية لمن ليس له شيء يوصي فيه
No will for one who owns nothing
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Hadith 1057
1057 صحيح حديث عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى عَنْ طَلْحَةَ ابْنِ مُصَرِّفٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ أَبِي أَوْفَى هَلْ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَوْصى قَالَ: لاَ فَقُلْتُ: كَيْفَ كُتِبَ عَلَى النَّاس الْوَصِيَّةُ، أَوْ أُمِرُوا بِالْوَصِيَّةِ قَالَ: أَوْصى بِكِتَابِ اللهِ
Hazrat Talha bin Musarrif narrated that I asked Abdullah bin Abi Awfa (may Allah be pleased with him), "Did the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) make any bequest (wasiyyah)?" He replied, "No." Upon this, I asked, "Then how did bequest become obligatory upon people?" Or (the narrator reported it as), "Why were people commanded to make a bequest?" He said, "The Prophet (peace be upon him) advised people to act upon the Book of Allah." (And in the Book of Allah, there is a command to make a bequest.)
Hadith 1058
1058 صحيح حديث عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ الأَسْوَدِ، قَالَ: ذَكَرُوا عِنْدَ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّ عَلِيًّا رضي الله عنه كَانَ وَصِيًّا فَقَالَتْ: مَتَى أَوْصَى إِلَيْهِ وَقَدْ كُنْتُ مُسْنِدَتَهُ إِلَى صَدْرِي، أَوْ قَالَتْ: حَجْرِي، فَدَعَا بِالطَّسْتِ، فَلَقَدِ انْخَنَثَ فِي حَجْرِي فَمَا شَعَرْتُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ مَاتَ، فَمَتَى أَوْصى إِلَيْهِ
Aswad bin Yazid narrated that some people mentioned in the presence of Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that Ali (may Allah honor his face) was the Prophet’s (peace be upon him) executor (wasiyy). She said, “When did he make him his executor? At the time of his death, his blessed head was on my chest—or she said, in my lap—and then he asked for a basin (of water), and his head fell into my lap, and I did not realize that he had passed away. So when did he make Ali his executor?”
Hadith 1059
1059 صحيح حديث ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَوْمُ الْخَمِيسِ، وَمَا يَوْمُ الْخَمِيسِ ثمَّ بَكَى حَتَّى خَضَبَ دَمْعُهُ الْحَصْبَاءَ، فَقَالَ: اشْتَدَّ بِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَجَعُهُ يَوْمَ الْخَمِيسِ، فَقَالَ: ائْتُونِي بِكِتَابٍ، أَكْتُبْ لَكُمْ كِتَابًا لَنْ تَضِلُّوا بَعْدَهُ أَبَدًا فَتَنَازَعُوا، وَلاَ يَنْبَغِي عِنْدَ نَبِيٍّ تَنَازُعٌ فَقَالُوا: هَجَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ: دَعُونِي فَالَّذِي أَنَا فِيهِ خَيْرٌ مِمَّا تَدْعُونِي إِلَيْهِ وَأَوْصى عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ بِثَلاَثٍ: أَخْرِجُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ مِنْ جَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِ، وَأَجِيزُوا الْوَفْدَ بِنَحْوِ مَا كُنْتُ أُجِيزُهُمْ وَنَسِيتُ الثَّالِثَةَ
Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that on Thursday, and do you know what Thursday is? Then he wept so much that even the pebbles became wet. Finally, he said that the severity of the illness of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) occurred on that Thursday, so he said to the companions, "Bring me pen and ink, so that I may write a document for you after which you will never go astray if you follow it." At this, there was a disagreement among the companions. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "It is not appropriate to argue in the presence of a Prophet." The companions said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) is in a state of delirium due to the severity of his illness. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "Leave me in my present state, for the condition I am in is better than what you are calling me to." In the end, at the time of his death, he made three bequests: that the polytheists should be expelled from the Arabian Peninsula; secondly, that delegations should be treated in the same manner as he used to treat them (with hospitality, etc.); and the third instruction, I forgot.
Hadith 1060
1060 صحيح حديث ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: لَمَّا حُضِرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَفِي الْبَيْتِ رِجَالٌ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : هَلُمُّوا أَكْتُبْ لَكُمْ كِتَابًا لاَ تَضِلُّوا بَعْدَهُ فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدْ غَلَبَهُ الْوَجَعُ، وَعِنْدَكُمْ القُرْآنُ، حَسْبُنَا كِتَابُ اللهِ فَاخْتَلَفَ أَهْلُ الْبَيْتِ وَاخْتَصَمُوا؛ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ: قَرِّبُوا يَكْتُبْ لَكُمْ كِتَابًا لاَ تَضِلُّوا بَعْدَهُ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ غَيْرَ ذلِكَ فَلَمَّا أَكْثَرُوا اللَّغْوَ وَالاخْتِلافَ، قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : قُومُوا قَالَ عُبَيْدُ اللهِ (الرَّاوِي) فَكَانَ يَقُولُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: إِنَّ الرَّزِيَّةَ كُلَّ الرَّزِيَّةِ مَا حَالَ بَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَبَيْنَ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ لَهُمْ ذلِكَ الْكِتَابَ، لاِخْتِلاَفِهِمْ وَلَغَطِهِمْ
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that when the time of the Messenger of Allah’s (peace and blessings be upon him) death approached, many companions (may Allah be pleased with them) were present in the house. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Bring (something), so that I may write a document for you; if you adhere to it, you will never go astray.” Upon this, (some people) said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) is suffering from the severity of illness, and you have the Qur’an with you. The Book of Allah is sufficient for us. Then there was a dispute among the people in the house; some said, “Give the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) something to write with, so that he may dictate guidance for you and you will not go astray after that.” Others insisted on a different opinion. When the noise and dispute increased, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Go away from here.” Ubaidullah narrated that Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) used to say that the greatest calamity was that, due to the people’s disagreement and noise, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was not able to write that guidance for them.
