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Hadith 688
688 صحيح حديث عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ قُرَيْشًا كَانَتْ تَصُومُ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِصِيَامِهِ حَتَّى فُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ، وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : مَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ
Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said: The Quraysh used to fast on the day of Ashura in the pre-Islamic period. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) also ordered fasting on this day, until the fasting of Ramadan was made obligatory. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Whoever wishes may fast on the day of Ashura, and whoever wishes may leave it.
Hadith 689
689 صحيح حديث ابْنِ عُمَرَ، قَالَ: كَانَ عَاشُورَاءُ يَصُومُهُ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ رَمَضَانُ، قَالَ: مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ لَمْ يَصُمْهُ
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) narrated that in the days of ignorance, we used to fast on the day of Ashura, but when the fasting of Ramadan was prescribed, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: Whoever wishes may fast on Ashura, and whoever wishes may leave it.
Hadith 690
690 صحيح حديث عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ الأَشْعَثُ وَهُوَ يَطْعَمُ، فَقَالَ: الْيَوْمُ عَاشُورَاء، فَقَالَ: كَانَ يُصَامُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ رَمَضَانُ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ رَمَضَانُ تُرِكَ، فَادْنُ فَكُلْ
Sayyiduna Ash'ath (may Allah have mercy on him) came to Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud while he was eating. Ash'ath said, "Today is the day of 'Ashura." Sayyiduna Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said, "In those days, the fast of 'Ashura was observed before the fasting of Ramadan was prescribed, but when the command for fasting in Ramadan was revealed, this fast was abandoned. Come, you also join in the meal."
Hadith 691
691 صحيح حديث مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَحْمنِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ مُعَاوِيَةَ ابْنَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ، عَامَ حَجَّ، عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، يَقُولُ: يَا أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَة أَيْنَ عُلَمَاؤُكُمْ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، يَقُولُ: هذَا يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ، وَلَمْ يُكْتَبْ عَلَيْكُمْ صِيَامُهُ، وَأَنَا صَائمٌ، فَمَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيَصُمْ وَمَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيُفْطِرْ
Humaid bin Abdur Rahman narrates that I heard Sayyiduna Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him) on the day of Ashura during Hajj, delivering a sermon from the pulpit. He said: O people of Madinah, where have your scholars gone? I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: This is the day of Ashura; its fasting is not obligatory upon you, but I am fasting, so whoever wishes may fast (and act upon my Sunnah), and whoever wishes may not fast.
Hadith 692
692 صحيح حديث ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ المَدِينَة، فَرَأَى الْيَهُودَ تصُومُ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ، فَقَالَ: مَا هذَا قَالُوا: هذَا يَوْمٌ صَالِحٌ، هذَا يَوْمُ نَجَّى اللهُ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ مِنْ عَدُوِّهِمْ فَصَامَهُ مُوسى، قَالَ: فَأَنَا أَحَقُّ بِمُوسى مِنْكُمْ فَصَامَهُ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) narrated that when the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) came to Madinah (in the second year), he saw the Jews fasting on the day of Ashura. He inquired from them about the reason for this. They replied that this is a good day; on this day Allah Almighty saved the Children of Israel from their enemy (Pharaoh), so Musa (peace be upon him) fasted on this day. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, "We are more deserving of following Musa (peace be upon him) than you." Thus, he fasted on that day and ordered his Companions to do so as well.
Hadith 693
693 صحيح حديث أَبِي مُوسى رضي الله عنه، قَالَ: كَانَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ تَعُدُّهُ الْيَهُودُ عِيدًا قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : فَصُومُوهُ أَنْتُمْ
Sayyiduna Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Jews considered the day of Ashura as a festival, so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You should also fast on this day."
Hadith 694
694 صحيح حديث ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: مَا رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَتَحَرَّى صِيَامَ يَوْم فَضَّلَهُ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ إِلاَّ هذَا الْيَوْمَ، يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ؛ وَهذَا الشَّهْرَ، يَعْنِي شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrated that I did not see the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) deliberately fasting on any day, considering it superior to other days, except for the day of Ashura and this month of Ramadan.
