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اللؤلؤ والمرجان
Lu'lu' wal-Marjan
كتاب فضائل الصحابةBook of Virtues of the Companions
باب فاطمة بنت النبيّﷺFatimah, Daughter of the Prophet
Hadith 1591
اُردوEn
1591 صحيح حديث الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ حُسَيْنٍ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّهُمْ حِينَ قَدِمُوا الْمَدِينَةَ، مِنْ عِنْدِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، مَقْتَلَ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلَيٍّ، رَحْمَةُ اللهِ عَلَيْهِ، لَقِيَهُ الْمِسْوَرُ بْنُ مَخْرَمَةَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: هَلْ لَكَ إِلَيَّ مِنْ حَاجَةٍ تَأْمُرُنِي بِهَا فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: لاَ فَقَالَ لَهُ: هَلْ أَنْتَ مُعْطِيَّ سَيْفَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَإِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ يَغْلِبَكَ الْقَوْمُ عَلَيْهِ وَايْمُ اللهِ لَئِنْ أَعْطَيْتَنِيهِ، لاَ يُخْلَصُ إِلَيْهِمْ أَبدًا حَتَّى تُبْلَغَ نَفْسِي إِنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ خَطَبَ ابْنَةَ أَبِي جَهْلٍ عَلَى فَاطِمَةَ عَلَيْهَا السَّلاَمُ فَسَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، يَخْطُبُ النَّاسَ فِي ذَلِكَ، عَلَى مِنْبَرِهِ هذَا، وَأَنَا يَوْمَئِذٍ مُحْتَلِمٌ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ فَاطِمَةَ مِنِّي، وَأَنَا أَخَافُ أَنْ تُفْتَنَ فِي دِينِهَا ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ صِهْرًا لَهُ مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ، فَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ فِي مُصَاهَرَتِهِ إِيَّاهُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي فَصَدَقَنِي، وَوَعَدَنِي فَوَفَى لِي، وَإِنِّي لَسْتُ أُحَرِّمُ حَلاَلاً، وَلاَ أُحِلُّ حَرَامًا، وَلكِنْ، وَاللهِ لاَ تَجْتَمِعُ بِنْتُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَبِنْتُ عَدُوِّ اللهِ أَبَدًا
Ibn Shihab narrates that Hazrat Ali bin Husain (may Allah be pleased with him) (Hazrat Zain ul Abideen, may Allah be pleased with him) stated that when all of us returned to Madinah Munawwarah from Yazid bin Muawiyah after the martyrdom of Husain bin Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), Miswar bin Makhramah (may Allah be pleased with him) met you and said, “If you have any need, please command me.” (Hazrat Zain ul Abideen narrated that) I said, “I have no need.” Then Miswar (may Allah be pleased with him) said, “Will you grant me the sword of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)? Because I fear that some people may snatch it from you, and by Allah! If you grant me that sword, no one will be able to snatch it as long as I am alive.” Then Miswar (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated an incident that Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) had sent a marriage proposal to the daughter of Abu Jahl (Jamila) in the presence of Hazrat Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her). I myself heard that regarding this matter, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) stood on this very pulpit and addressed the companions. I was of age at that time. In his sermon, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, “Fatimah is a part of me. And I fear that she may fall into sin (because of this relationship), that she may be subjected to a trial in her religion.” After this, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) mentioned one of his sons-in-law from the family of Banu Abd Shams (As bin Rabi’) and praised him regarding his relationship, saying, “Whatever he said to me, he spoke the truth. Whatever promise he made, he fulfilled it. I cannot make any lawful thing (i.e., a second marriage) unlawful, nor do I make any unlawful thing lawful, but by Allah! The daughter of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and the daughter of the enemy of Allah will not be gathered together.”
Brief Explanation
Imam Nawawi, in his commentary on Sahih Muslim, transmits that the scholars have stated: This hadith is evidence that causing harm to the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam in any circumstance and by any means is forbidden, even if the act causing harm is, in its origin, permissible according to the Shariah, and even if he was alive. However, others are not to be analogized with him sallallahu alayhi wa sallam in this matter. The marriage of Abu Jahl’s daughter to Ali radi Allahu anhu is permissible, because he (the Prophet) said: “I do not make the lawful unlawful.” But the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam forbade combining the two (wives) for two solid reasons: (1) In this way, Fatimah radi Allahu anha would be hurt, and this would also hurt the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, and whoever causes him sallallahu alayhi wa sallam harm will be destroyed. Therefore, due to his perfect compassion for Ali radi Allahu anhu, he forbade him from this act. (2) With the arrival of a co-wife, there was fear of trial and tribulation (fitnah) for Fatimah radi Allahu anha due to jealousy. (Murattib) In religion, fitnah here means that if Ali radi Allahu anhu were to bring another wife, and Fatimah radi Allahu anha, due to the enmity that arises in every woman’s heart from becoming a co-wife, might fall into some sin—for example, she might trouble her husband, disobey him, or speak ill of the co-wife. (Raaz)
