الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الخلافة والإمارةThe Book of Caliphate and Leadership
الْبَابُ الْخَامِسَ فِي تَحْقِيقِ رُؤْيَاهُ، وَطَعْنِ الْعَجَمِي إِيَّاهُ ، وَذِكْرِ شَيْءٍ مِنْ وَصَايَاهُ، وَتَنَاءِ النَّاسِ عَلَيْهِ، وَبُكَائِهِمْ عِنْدَهُ، وَعَدْمِ اسْتِخْلَافِهِ
The Fifth Chapter Regarding the Fulfillment of His Dream, His Stabbing by the Foreigner, Mention of Some of His Bequests, the Praise of the People for Him, Their Weeping Over Him, and His Not Appointing a Successor
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Hadith 12228
عَنْ جُوَيْرِيَةَ بْنِ قُدَامَةَ قَالَ حَجَجْتُ فَأَتَيْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ الْعَامَ الَّذِي أُصِيبَ فِيهِ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ فَخَطَبَ فَقَالَ إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ كَأَنَّ دِيكًا أَحْمَرَ نَقَرَنِي نَقْرَةً أَوْ نَقْرَتَيْنِ شُعْبَةُ الشَّاكُّ فَكَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ أَنَّهُ طُعِنَ فَأُذِنَ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَيْهِ فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ أَصْحَابُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثُمَّ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ ثُمَّ أَهْلُ الشَّامِ ثُمَّ أُذِنَ لِأَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ فَدَخَلْتُ فِيمَنْ دَخَلَ قَالَ فَكَانَ كُلَّمَا دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ قَوْمٌ أَثْنَوْا عَلَيْهِ وَبَكَوْا قَالَ فَلَمَّا دَخَلْنَا عَلَيْهِ قَالَ وَقَدْ عَصَبَ بَطْنَهُ بِعِمَامَةٍ سَوْدَاءَ وَالدَّمُ يَسِيلُ قَالَ فَقُلْنَا أَوْصِنَا قَالَ وَمَا سَأَلَهُ الْوَصِيَّةَ أَحَدٌ غَيْرُنَا فَقَالَ عَلَيْكُمْ بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَإِنَّكُمْ لَنْ تَضِلُّوا مَا اتَّبَعْتُمُوهُ فَقُلْنَا أَوْصِنَا فَقَالَ أُوصِيكُمْ بِالْمُهَاجِرِينَ فَإِنَّ النَّاسَ سَيَكْثُرُونَ وَيَقِلُّونَ وَأُوصِيكُمْ بِالْأَنْصَارِ فَإِنَّهُمْ شِعْبُ الْإِسْلَامِ الَّذِي لَجِئَ إِلَيْهِ وَأُوصِيكُمْ بِالْأَعْرَابِ فَإِنَّهُمْ أَصْلُكُمْ وَمَادَّتُكُمْ وَأُوصِيكُمْ بِأَهْلِ ذِمَّتِكُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ عَهْدُ نَبِيِّكُمْ وَرِزْقُ عِيَالِكُمْ قُومُوا عَنِّي قَالَ فَمَا زَادَنَا عَلَى هَؤُلَاءِ الْكَلِمَاتِ قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ شُعْبَةُ ثُمَّ سَأَلْتُهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ فِي الْأَعْرَابِ وَأُوصِيكُمْ بِالْأَعْرَابِ فَإِنَّهُمْ إِخْوَانُكُمْ وَعَدُوُّ عَدُوِّكُمْ
It is narrated from Yariyah bin Qudamah, who says: The year when the assassination attempt was made on Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), I performed Hajj that year and then came to Madinah Munawwarah. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) addressed the people and said: I saw in a dream as if a red rooster pecked me once or twice. Then it happened that indeed an assassination attempt was made on him. When people were allowed to visit him, first the companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) went to him, then the rest of the people of Madinah, then the people of Sham, and then the people of Iraq. I was also among those people. When people would go to him, they would praise him and begin to weep. When we went, his stomach was tied with a black turban and blood was flowing. We said: Please advise us. No one except our group had requested him for advice. Upon hearing our request, he said: Hold fast to the Book of Allah; as long as you follow it, you will not go astray. We said: Please advise us further. He said: I advise you regarding the Muhajirun; the number of people is increasing and the number of Muhajirun is decreasing. And I also advise you regarding the Ansar; they are the valley in which Islam found refuge. I also advise you regarding the Bedouins, for they are the original and fundamental essence of the Muslims. And I also advise you regarding the Dhimmis; your Prophet granted them protection and they are also a means of livelihood for your families. Now, you may leave me. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) did not speak to us more than this. Shu’bah says: After that, once I asked him about the Bedouins, and he said: I advise you regarding the Bedouins, for they are your brothers and the enemies of your enemies.
Hadith 12229
عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ بِالْبَصْرَةِ قَالَ أَنَا أَوَّلُ مَنْ أَتَى عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ حِينَ طُعِنَ فَقَالَ احْفَظْ عَنِّي ثَلَاثًا فَإِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ لَا يُدْرِكَنِي النَّاسُ أَمَّا أَنَا فَلَمْ أَقْضِ فِي الْكَلَالَةِ قَضَاءً وَلَمْ أَسْتَخْلِفْ عَلَى النَّاسِ خَلِيفَةً وَكُلُّ مَمْلُوكٍ لَهُ عَتِيقٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّاسُ اسْتَخْلِفْ فَقَالَ أَيَّ ذَلِكَ أَفْعَلُ فَقَدْ فَعَلَهُ مَنْ هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنِّي إِنْ أَدَعْ إِلَى النَّاسِ أَمْرَهُمْ فَقَدْ تَرَكَهُ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ وَإِنْ أَسْتَخْلِفْ فَقَدْ اسْتَخْلَفَ مَنْ هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنِّي أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ أَبْشِرْ بِالْجَنَّةِ صَاحَبْتَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَطَلْتَ صُحْبَتَهُ وَوُلِّيتَ أَمْرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَقَوِيتَ وَأَدَّيْتَ الْأَمَانَةَ فَقَالَ أَمَّا تَبْشِيرُكَ إِيَّايَ بِالْجَنَّةِ فَوَاللَّهِ لَوْ أَنَّ لِي قَالَ عَفَّانُ فَلَا وَاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ لَوْ أَنَّ لِي الدُّنْيَا بِمَا فِيهَا لَافْتَدَيْتُ بِهِ مِنْ هَوْلِ مَا أَمَامِي قَبْلَ أَنْ أَعْلَمَ الْخَبَرَ وَأَمَّا قَوْلُكَ فِي أَمْرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَوَاللَّهِ لَوَدِدْتُ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَفَافًا لَا لِيَ وَلَا عَلَيَّ وَأَمَّا مَا ذَكَرْتَ مِنْ صُحْبَةِ نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَذَلِكَ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), he says: When Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) was attacked, I was the first to go to him and he said to me: Remember three things of mine, I fear that people may not reach me. First, that I have not made any final decision regarding the matter of Kalalah. Second, that I have not appointed anyone as the caliph over the people. And third, that all the slaves who are in my possession are all free. Then the people said to him: Please appoint someone as caliph. He said: Whichever of the two matters I do, the superior personality before me has already done it. If I leave the matter of caliphate to the people, then the Prophet of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) also did the same, and if I appoint someone as caliph, then before me Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) did this, and he is better than me. I said to him: Glad tidings of Paradise to you, you had the honor of long companionship with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), you were entrusted with the position of Commander of the Faithful, so you demonstrated strength and fulfilled the trust excellently. Hearing this, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: As for your giving me glad tidings of Paradise, by Allah, I fear the Hereafter so much that before knowing the final outcome, even if I had the wealth of the whole world, I would give it all as ransom to escape this fear. Regarding what you said about the caliphate and leadership over the believers, I would prefer that if the reckoning is even, that is, I neither gain anything nor am I accused of any crime, then I would consider this sufficient for myself. However, as for the companionship of the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that you mentioned, that honor is indeed a source of distinction.
Hadith 12230
عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ النَّاسَ يَقُولُونَ مَقَالَةً فَآلَيْتُ أَنْ أَقُولَهَا لَكُمْ زَعَمُوا أَنَّكَ غَيْرُ مُسْتَخْلِفٍ فَوَضَعَ رَأْسَهُ سَاعَةً ثُمَّ رَفَعَهُ فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَحْفَظُ دِينَهُ وَإِنِّي إِنْ لَا أَسْتَخْلِفْ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمْ يَسْتَخْلِفْ وَإِنْ أَسْتَخْلِفْ فَإِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَدِ اسْتَخْلَفَ قَالَ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ ذَكَرَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَبَا بَكْرٍ فَعَلِمْتُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَعْدِلُ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَحَدًا وَأَنَّهُ غَيْرُ مُسْتَخْلِفٍ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him): I heard people talking about certain things, so I resolved to mention those things to you. People are saying that you are not appointing anyone as a caliph. Upon hearing this, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) lowered his head for a while, then raised it and said: Indeed, Allah Almighty will protect His religion. If I do not appoint anyone as a caliph, then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) also did not appoint anyone. And if I do appoint someone as a caliph, there is no harm in that either, because Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) did appoint someone. Upon hearing this, Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: By Allah! When he mentioned the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), these two personalities, I knew that he would not equate anyone with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and would not appoint anyone as a caliph.
Hadith 12231
عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ كَانَ مُسْتَنِدًا إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَعِنْدَهُ ابْنُ عُمَرَ وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا فَقَالَ اعْلَمُوا أَنِّي لَمْ أَقُلْ فِي الْكَلَالَةِ شَيْئًا وَلَمْ أَسْتَخْلِفْ مِنْ بَعْدِي أَحَدًا وَأَنَّهُ مَنْ أَدْرَكَ وَفَاتِي مِنْ سَبْيِ الْعَرَبِ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ مِنْ مَالِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ أَمَا إِنَّكَ لَوْ أَشَرْتَ بِرَجُلٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ لَأْتَمَنَكَ النَّاسُ وَقَدْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَأْتَمَنَهُ النَّاسُ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَدْ رَأَيْتُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِي حِرْصًا سَيِّئًا وَإِنِّي جَاعِلٌ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ إِلَى هَؤُلَاءِ النَّفَرِ السِّتَّةِ الَّذِينَ مَاتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ عَنْهُمْ رَاضٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ لَوْ أَدْرَكَنِي أَحَدُ رَجُلَيْنِ ثُمَّ جَعَلْتُ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ إِلَيْهِ لَوَثِقْتُ بِهِ سَالِمٌ مَوْلَى أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ وَأَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ ابْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ
It is narrated from Abu Rafi’ that Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) was sitting, leaning on Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) for support. Sayyiduna Ibn Umar and Sayyiduna Sa’id bin Zayd (may Allah be pleased with them both) were also present with him. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Remember, I have not made any final decision regarding the matter of Kalalah, and I have not nominated anyone as a caliph after me. At the time of my death, all the Arab slaves who are in my possession will be freed from the wealth of Allah Almighty. Sayyiduna Sa’id bin Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: If you indicate towards any Muslim regarding the caliphate, people will consider you trustworthy in this matter, just as Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) did so and people considered him trustworthy. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I have seen intense eagerness for the caliphate among my companions, so I am entrusting this matter to those six persons with whom the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was pleased at the time of his death. Then Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: If I had found either of these two individuals, I would have entrusted this matter to him and relied upon him—one is Salim, the freed slave of Abu Hudhaifah, and the other is Abu Ubaidah bin Al-Jarrah.1
