الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الخلافة والإمارةThe Book of Caliphate and Leadership
الْفَضْلُ الأَوَّلُ فِي ذِكْرِ شَيْءٍ مِنْ فَتَاوَاهُ وَقَضَايَاهُ
The First Virtue Mentioning Some of His Legal Rulings and Judgments
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Hadith 12215
عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ قَالَ خَطَبَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ رَخَّصَ لِنَبِيِّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا شَاءَ وَإِنَّ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدْ مَضَى لِسَبِيلِهِ فَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ كَمَا أَمَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَحَصِّنُوا فُرُوجَ هَذِهِ النِّسَاءِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) addressed the people and said: Indeed, Allah Almighty granted His Prophet whatever concessions He willed, and the Noble Prophet has departed from this world. Therefore, you should perform Hajj and Umrah for Allah Almighty in the manner He has commanded you, and also keep the private parts of your wives chaste.
Hadith 12216
حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ عَمْرٍو سَمِعَ بَجَالَةَ يَقُولُ كُنْتُ كَاتِبًا لِجَزْءِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ عَمِّ الْأَحْنَفِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ فَأَتَانَا كِتَابُ عُمَرَ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ بِسَنَةٍ أَنِ اقْتُلُوا كُلَّ سَاحِرٍ وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ سُفْيَانُ وَسَاحِرَةٍ وَفَرِّقُوا بَيْنَ كُلِّ ذِي مَحْرَمٍ مِنَ الْمَجُوسِ وَانْهَوْهُمْ عَنِ الزَّمْزَمَةِ فَقَتَلْنَا ثَلَاثَةَ سَوَاحِرَ وَجَعَلْنَا نُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ الرَّجُلِ وَبَيْنَ حَرِيمَتِهِ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَصَنَعَ جَزْءٌ طَعَامًا كَثِيرًا وَعَرَضَ السَّيْفَ عَلَى فَخِذِهِ وَدَعَا الْمَجُوسَ فَأَلْقَوْا وِقْرَ بَغْلٍ أَوْ بَغْلَيْنِ مِنْ وَرِقٍ فَأَكَلُوا مِنْ غَيْرِ زَمْزَمَةٍ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عُمَرُ أَخَذَ وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ سُفْيَانُ قَبِلَ الْجِزْيَةَ مِنَ الْمَجُوسِ حَتَّى شَهِدَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَخَذَهَا مِنْ مَجُوسِ هَجَرَ وَقَالَ أَبِي قَالَ سُفْيَانُ حَجَّ بَجَالَةُ مَعَ مُصْعَبٍ سَنَةَ سَبْعِينَ
Bajalah says: I was the scribe of Juz’ bin Mu’awiyah, who was the uncle of Ahnaf bin Qais. We received a letter from Sayyiduna ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and this was one year before his death. In it, it was written: “Kill every male and female sorcerer, separate between every prohibited relationship among the Magians, and prevent them from the Zamzamah.” After this command, we killed three sorcerers and separated the unlawful relationships according to the Book of Allah. Juz’ had a lot of food prepared and invited the Magians, and he placed his sword on his thigh. They ate the food without performing the Zamzamah, and they gave as jizyah an amount of silver equal to the load of a mule or two mules. However, Sayyiduna ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) did not take this jizyah from them. Sometimes Sufyan, the narrator, would relate it thus: Sayyiduna ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) was not in favor of taking jizyah from the Magians, until Sayyiduna ‘Abdur Rahman bin ‘Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) testified that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had taken jizyah from the Magians of the region of Hajar. Then Sayyiduna ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) began to accept jizyah from the Magians.
Hadith 12217
عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ قَالَ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيَّ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فَبَيْنَا أَنَا كَذَلِكَ إِذْ جَاءَهُ مَوْلَاهُ يَرْفَأُ فَقَالَ هَذَا عُثْمَانُ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ وَسَعْدٌ وَالزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ قَالَ وَلَا أَدْرِي أَذَكَرَ طَلْحَةَ أَمْ لَا يَسْتَأْذِنُونَ عَلَيْكَ قَالَ ائْذَنْ لَهُمْ ثُمَّ مَكَثَ سَاعَةً ثُمَّ جَاءَ فَقَالَ هَذَا الْعَبَّاسُ وَعَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا يَسْتَأْذِنَانِ عَلَيْكَ قَالَ ائْذَنْ لَهُمَا فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ الْعَبَّاسُ قَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ هَذَا وَهُمَا حِينَئِذٍ يَخْتَصِمَانِ فِيمَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ اقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَرِحْ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ فَقَدْ طَالَتْ خُصُومَتُهُمَا فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنْشُدُكُمُ اللَّهَ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ أَتَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ ”لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ“ قَالُوا قَدْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ وَقَالَ لَهُمَا مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَا نَعَمْ قَالَ فَإِنِّي سَأُخْبِرُكُمْ عَنْ هَذَا الْفَيْءِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ خَصَّ نَبِيَّهُ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْهُ بِشَيْءٍ لَمْ يُعْطِهِ غَيْرَهُ فَقَالَ {وَمَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ} [الحشر: 6] وَكَانَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَاصَّةً وَاللَّهِ مَا احْتَازَهَا دُونَكُمْ وَلَا اسْتَأْثَرَ بِهَا عَلَيْكُمْ لَقَدْ قَسَمَهَا بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَثَّهَا فِيكُمْ حَتَّى بَقِيَ مِنْهَا هَذَا الْمَالُ فَكَانَ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ سَنَةً ثُمَّ يَجْعَلُ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْهُ مَجْعَلَ مَالِ اللَّهِ فَلَمَّا قُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعْدَهُ أَعْمَلُ فِيهَا بِمَا كَانَ يَعْمَلُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيهَا
It is narrated from Malik bin Aws bin Hadthan, he says: Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) summoned me. While I was still there, his servant Yarfa came and informed that Sayyiduna Uthman, Sayyiduna Abdur Rahman, Sayyiduna Sa’d, and Sayyiduna Zubair bin Awwam had arrived. I do not remember whether he mentioned the name of Sayyiduna Talha (may Allah be pleased with him) or not. These gentlemen were seeking permission to enter. He said: Yes, let them come in. After a while, the servant came and said: Sayyiduna Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) and Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) have come; they are seeking permission to come to you. He said: Yes, let them come in as well. When Sayyiduna Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) arrived, he said: O Commander of the Faithful! Decide between him and me. At that time, they were disputing about the property of Fay’ from the wealth of Banu Nadir, which belonged to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Upon hearing this, all the people said: O Commander of the Faithful! Decide between them and bring relief to both of them from each other. Their dispute has become quite prolonged. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I ask you by Allah, by whose command the heavens and the earth are established! Do you know that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said that we have no heirs; whatever we leave behind is charity? All said: Yes, indeed, you (peace and blessings be upon him) said this. When Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked the same thing from both of them, they also replied in the affirmative. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I will tell you about this property of Fay’. Allah Almighty has specified the property of Fay’ for His Prophet, and He did not give it to anyone other than you (peace and blessings be upon him). The command of Allah Almighty is: {وَمَا أَفَائَ اللّٰہُ عَلٰی رَسُولِہِ مِنْہُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَیْہِ مِنْ خَیْلٍ وَلَا رِکَابٍ} … And whatever Allah has bestowed upon His Messenger from them, you did not spur horses or camels for it. These properties were specific to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). By Allah! It did not happen that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) kept all the wealth for himself and did not give it to you, nor did he prefer others over you regarding this wealth. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would distribute all these properties among you, then whatever remained, he would spend on his family throughout the year, and whatever was left after that, he would spend it as Allah’s property. When the Messenger of Allah passed away, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: After the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), I am his successor; I will dispose of this property in the same manner as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to do.
Hadith 12218
عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ كُلَيْبٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي شَيْخٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ مِنْ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي فُلَانٌ وَفُلَانٌ وَقَالَ فَعَدَّ سِتَّةً أَوْ سَبْعَةً كُلُّهُمْ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ فِيهِمْ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ بَيْنَا نَحْنُ جُلُوسٌ عِنْدَ عُمَرَ إِذْ دَخَلَ عَلِيٌّ وَالْعَبَّاسُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَدِ ارْتَفَعَتْ أَصْوَاتُهُمَا فَقَالَ عُمَرُ مَهْ يَا عَبَّاسُ قَدْ عَلِمْتُ مَا تَقُولُ تَقُولُ ابْنُ أَخِي وَلِي شَطْرُ الْمَالِ وَقَدْ عَلِمْتُ مَا تَقُولُ يَا عَلِيُّ تَقُولُ ابْنَتُهُ تَحْتِي وَلَهَا شَطْرُ الْمَالِ وَهَذَا مَا كَانَ فِي يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَدْ رَأَيْنَا كَيْفَ كَانَ يَصْنَعُ فِيهِ فَوَلِيَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ فَعَمِلَ فِيهِ بِعَمَلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثُمَّ وَلِيتُهُ مِنْ بَعْدِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فَأَحْلِفُ بِاللَّهِ لَأَجْهَدَنَّ أَنْ أَعْمَلَ فِيهِ بِعَمَلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ وَعَمَلِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَحَلَفَ بِأَنَّهُ لَصَادِقٌ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ ”إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ لَا يُورَثُ وَإِنَّمَا مِيرَاثُهُ فِي فُقَرَاءِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ“ وَحَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَحَلَفَ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّهُ صَادِقٌ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ ”إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ لَا يَمُوتُ حَتَّى يَؤُمَّهُ بَعْضُ أُمَّتِهِ“ وَهَذَا مَا كَانَ فِي يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَدْ رَأَيْنَا كَيْفَ كَانَ يَصْنَعُ فِيهِ فَإِنْ شِئْتُمَا أَعْطَيْتُكُمَا لِتَعْمَلَا فِيهِ بِعَمَلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَعَمَلِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ حَتَّى أَدْفَعَهُ إِلَيْكُمَا قَالَ فَخَلَوَا ثُمَّ جَاءَا فَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ ادْفَعْهُ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ فَإِنِّي قَدْ طِبْتُ نَفْسًا بِهِ لَهُ
It is narrated from Asim bin Kulayb that an elder from Banu Tamim of the Quraysh related to him, mentioning the names of six or seven elders of the Quraysh, and said that these gentlemen narrated it, among whom was also the name of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Zubair (may Allah be pleased with him). He said: We were sitting with Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) when Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) and Sayyiduna Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) came. Because of their dispute, their voices were raised very high. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Abbas! Wait a moment, I know what you want to say. You want to say that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was your nephew, so you should get half of the wealth. And Ali! I also know what you want to say. You want to say that his daughter is in your marriage and she is entitled to half of the wealth. Listen! Whatever was in the hand of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), that is what we all have seen, we know how the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to dispose of it. After the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) became the Caliph of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he also disposed of it in the same way as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). After Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), I was appointed as the guardian. I swear by Allah that as far as possible, I will act in the same way. After this, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) swore an oath and said that Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) was truthful. It is narrated from him that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: No man inherits from a Prophet; their inheritance is distributed among the poor and needy Muslims. And Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) also narrated to me, and by Allah, he was truthful, he narrated that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: A Prophet does not pass away until he has led the prayer behind someone from his Ummah. Whatever was with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), we all have seen how he used to dispose of it. Now, if both of you wish, I will give this wealth to you so that you may also dispose of it as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) did. So, both of them separated and then came back, and Sayyiduna Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Yes, you may hand over this wealth to Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him); I am wholeheartedly pleased in favor of Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) regarding this matter.
