الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الخلافة والإمارةThe Book of Caliphate and Leadership
الْفَضْلُ الْأَوَّلُ: إِرْسَالُ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إلى أَبِي بَكْرٍ تَسْأَلُ مِيرَانَهَا مِنْ رَسُولِ ﷺ
The First Virtue: Sending Fatimah, the Daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, to Abu Bakr to Ask for Her Inheritance from the Messenger ﷺ
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Hadith 12167
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهَا أَخْبَرَتْهُ أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَرْسَلَتْ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ تَسْأَلُهُ مِيرَاثَهَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَفَدَكَ وَمَا بَقِيَ مِنْ خُمُسِ خَيْبَرَ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ ”لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ فِي هَذَا الْمَالِ“ وَإِنِّي وَاللَّهِ لَا أُغَيِّرُ شَيْئًا مِنْ صَدَقَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ حَالِهَا الَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَيْهَا فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلَأَعْمَلَنَّ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَبَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ إِلَى فَاطِمَةَ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا فَوَجَدَتْ فَاطِمَةُ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ فِي ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَقَرَابَةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ أَصِلَ مِنْ قَرَابَتِي وَأَمَّا الَّذِي شَجَرَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمْ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَمْوَالِ فَإِنِّي لَمْ آلُ فِيهَا عَنِ الْحَقِّ وَلَمْ أَتْرُكْ أَمْرًا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَصْنَعُهُ فِيهَا إِلَّا صَنَعْتُهُ
It is narrated from Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that Sayyida Fatima, the daughter of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), sent a message to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) demanding that the wealth which Allah had given to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) in Madinah, and her share from Fadak and from the fifth of Khaybar, be given to her as inheritance. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Our property is not inherited; whatever we leave behind is charity in the way of Allah. However, the family of Muhammad may eat from this wealth." By Allah! I will not make any change in these charities from the way they were during the blessed life of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and I will use them in the same manner as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used them. Thus, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) refused to give anything from them to Sayyida Fatima (may Allah be pleased with her), because of which Sayyida Fatima (may Allah be pleased with her) became displeased with Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "By Him in Whose hand is my soul! The relatives of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) are dearer to me than my own relatives, but regarding the situation that has arisen between me and you because of these properties, I have not fallen short in acting upon the truth and honesty, and I have not left anything from what I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) do in this matter; rather, I have carried out every action just as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did."
Hadith 12168
عَنْ أَبِي الطُّفَيْلِ قَالَ لَمَّا قُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَرْسَلَتْ فَاطِمَةُ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ أَنْتَ وَرِثْتَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَمْ أَهْلُهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ لَا بَلْ أَهْلُهُ قَالَتْ فَأَيْنَ سَهْمُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ ”إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ إِذَا أَطْعَمَ نَبِيًّا طَعْمَةً ثُمَّ قَبَضَهُ جَعَلَهُ لِلَّذِي يَقُومُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ“ فَرَأَيْتُ أَنْ أَرُدَّهُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَقَالَتْ فَأَنْتَ وَمَا سَمِعْتَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَعْلَمُ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Tufail (may Allah be pleased with him) that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) passed away, Sayyida Fatima (may Allah be pleased with her) sent a message to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) asking, "Are you the heir of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), or are the members of his household?" Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) replied, "No, I am not the heir of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family); rather, his family members are his heirs." Sayyida (may Allah be pleased with her) asked, "Then where is the share of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family)?" Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: "When Allah Almighty grants something to any of His Prophets and then seizes the soul of His Prophet, that thing comes under the control of his successor. So I have thought to distribute it among the Muslims." Sayyida Fatima (may Allah be pleased with her) said, "Then you know best about this, as you have heard the hadith of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family)."
