الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الخلافة والإمارةThe Book of Caliphate and Leadership
الْفَضْلُ الثَّالِثُ فِي وُجُوبٍ مُنَاصَحَةِ أُولِي الأمْرِ ، وَأمْرِهِمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَنَهْيهِمْ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ
The Third Virtue Regarding the Obligation to Advise Those in Authority, Commanding Them to Good and Forbidding Them from Evil
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Hadith 12125
عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ ”نَضَّرَ اللَّهُ عَبْدًا سَمِعَ مَقَالَتِي هَذِهِ فَحَمَلَهَا فَرُبَّ حَامِلِ الْفِقْهِ فِيهِ غَيْرُ فَقِيهٍ وَرُبَّ حَامِلِ الْفِقْهِ إِلَى مَنْ هُوَ أَفْقَهُ مِنْهُ ثَلَاثٌ لَا يُغِلُّ عَلَيْهِنَّ صَدْرُ مُسْلِمٍ إِخْلَاصُ الْعَمَلِ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَمُنَاصَحَةُ أُولِي الْأَمْرِ وَلُزُومُ جَمَاعَةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَإِنَّ دَعْوَتَهُمْ تُحِيطُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ“
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: May Allah keep that servant fresh and happy who hears my hadith and conveys it to others. Some people who carry fiqh and knowledge are such that they themselves are not jurists, and many people convey hadiths to those who are more learned than themselves. There are three things upon which a Muslim's heart does not betray: acting sincerely for Allah Almighty, wishing well for the rulers, and staying with the congregation of Muslims. The supplication of Muslims encompasses other Muslims.
Hadith 12126
حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ قَالَا حَدَّثَنَا الْعَوَّامُ قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ وَقَالَ يَزِيدُ فِي حَدِيثِهِ حَدَّثَنِي الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ عَوْفٍ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ كُنَّا قَدْ حَمَلْنَا لِأَبِي ذَرٍّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ شَيْئًا نُرِيدُ أَنْ نُعْطِيَهُ إِيَّاهُ فَأَتَيْنَا الرَّبَذَةَ فَسَأَلْنَا عَنْهُ فَلَمْ نَجِدْهُ قِيلَ اسْتَأْذَنَ فِي الْحَجِّ فَأُذِنَ لَهُ فَأَتَيْنَاهُ بِالْبَلْدَةِ وَهِيَ مِنًى فَبَيْنَا نَحْنُ عِنْدَهُ إِذْ قِيلَ لَهُ إِنَّ عُثْمَانَ صَلَّى أَرْبَعًا فَاشْتَدَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَبِي ذَرٍّ وَقَالَ قَوْلًا شَدِيدًا وَقَالَ صَلَّيْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَصَلَّيْتُ مَعَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ ثُمَّ قَامَ أَبُو ذَرٍّ فَصَلَّى أَرْبَعًا فَقِيلَ لَهُ عِبْتَ عَلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ شَيْئًا ثُمَّ صَنَعْتَ قَالَ الْخِلَافُ أَشَدُّ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَطَبَنَا فَقَالَ ”إِنَّهُ كَائِنٌ بَعْدِي سُلْطَانٌ فَلَا تُذِلُّوهُ فَمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُذِلَّهُ فَقَدْ خَلَعَ رِبْقَةَ الْإِسْلَامِ مِنْ عُنُقِهِ وَلَيْسَ بِمَقْبُولٍ مِنْهُ تَوْبَةٌ حَتَّى يَسُدَّ ثُلْمَتَهُ الَّتِي ثَلَمَ وَلَيْسَ بِفَاعِلٍ“ ثُمَّ يَعُودُ فَيَكُونُ فِيمَنْ يُعِزُّهُ أَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ لَا يَغْلِبُونَا عَلَى ثَلَاثٍ أَنْ نَأْمُرَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَنَنْهَى عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَنُعَلِّمَ النَّاسَ السُّنَنَ
Qasim bin Auf Shaybani narrates from a man who said: We wanted to give Abu Dharr something as a gift, so we picked it up and went to the place of Rabadhah. When we inquired about him, we were told that he had sought permission to go for Hajj and had been granted it. Then we met him in Mina. We were sitting with him when he was informed that Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) had performed four rak‘ahs in Mina. This matter was very hard on Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him), and he spoke harshly, then said: I have prayed here with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he prayed two rak‘ahs. I have prayed here in Mina with Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and they also led two rak‘ahs. After that, Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) stood up and prayed four rak‘ahs. Someone said to him: You are acting upon the very thing you found blameworthy in the Commander of the Faithful? He said: To differ is very bad. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) addressed us in a sermon and said: After me, a king will come; do not disgrace him. Whoever intends to disgrace him has cast off the rope of Islam from his neck, and his repentance will not be accepted until the breach he has made is mended, but he will not be able to mend the breach he has made. That is, he will not be able to repair the breach he has caused. After that, he should honor that king. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) commanded us that these rulers should not overpower us in three matters, meaning they should not prevent us from these three things, but we should continue to do them: enjoining good, forbidding evil, and teaching people the Sunnahs.
Hadith 12127
وَعَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُمْهَانَ قَالَ لَقِيتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي أَوْفَى رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَهُوَ مَحْجُوبُ الْبَصَرِ فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ لِي مَنْ أَنْتَ فَقُلْتُ أَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُمْهَانَ قَالَ فَمَا فَعَلَ وَالِدُكَ قَالَ قُلْتُ قَتَلَتْهُ الْأَزَارِقَةُ قَالَ لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الْأَزَارِقَةَ لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الْأَزَارِقَةَ حَدَّثَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُمْ كِلَابُ النَّارِ قَالَ قُلْتُ الْأَزَارِقَةُ وَحْدَهُمْ أَمِ الْخَوَارِجُ كُلُّهَا قَالَ بَلَى الْخَوَارِجُ كُلُّهَا قَالَ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّ السُّلْطَانَ يَظْلِمُ النَّاسَ وَيَفْعَلُ بِهِمْ قَالَ فَتَنَاوَلَ يَدِي فَغَمَزَهَا بِيَدِهِ غَمْزَةً شَدِيدَةً ثُمَّ قَالَ وَيْحَكَ يَا ابْنَ جُمْهَانَ عَلَيْكَ بِالسَّوَادِ الْأَعْظَمِ عَلَيْكَ بِالسَّوَادِ الْأَعْظَمِ إِنْ كَانَ السُّلْطَانُ يَسْمَعُ مِنْكَ فَأْتِهِ فِي بَيْتِهِ فَأَخْبِرْهُ بِمَا تَعْلَمُ فَإِنْ قَبِلَ مِنْكَ وَإِلَّا فَدَعْهُ فَإِنَّكَ لَسْتَ بِأَعْلَمَ مِنْهُ
It is narrated from Saeed bin Jumhan, he says: I presented myself before Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abi Awfa (may Allah be pleased with him), he had become blind. I greeted him with salam, and he asked me, "Who are you?" I said, "I am Saeed bin Jumhan." He said, "What happened to your father?" I said, "The Azariqah killed him." He said, "May Allah curse the Azariqah, may Allah curse the Azariqah. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) told us that these people are the dogs of Hell." I asked, "Only the Azariqah or all the Khawarij?" He said, "All the Khawarij." I said, "The ruler oppresses people and also does some good deeds (what should be said or done about him)?" He took my hand, squeezed it tightly, and then said, "O Ibn Jumhan! Woe to you, stay with the main body, that is, the great army. If the ruler listens to you, then go to his house and tell him what you know. If he accepts your word, then good; otherwise, leave it, because you do not know more than that."
Hadith 12128
وَعَنْ شُرَيْحِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِ قَالَ جَلَدَ عِيَاضُ بْنُ غَنْمٍ صَاحِبَ دَارٍ حِينَ فُتِحَتْ فَأَغْلَظَ لَهُ هِشَامُ بْنُ حَكِيمٍ الْقَوْلَ حَتَّى غَضِبَ عِيَاضٌ ثُمَّ مَكَثَ لَيَالِيَ فَأَتَاهُ هِشَامُ بْنُ حَكِيمٍ فَاعْتَذَرَ إِلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ هِشَامٌ لِعِيَاضٍ أَلَمْ تَسْمَعِ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ ”إِنَّ مِنْ أَشَدِّ النَّاسِ عَذَابًا أَشَدَّهُمْ عَذَابًا فِي الدُّنْيَا لِلنَّاسِ“ فَقَالَ عِيَاضُ بْنُ غَنْمٍ يَا هِشَامَ بْنَ حَكِيمٍ قَدْ سَمِعْنَا مَا سَمِعْتَ وَرَأَيْنَا مَا رَأَيْتَ أَوَلَمْ تَسْمَعْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ ”مَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَنْصَحَ لِسُلْطَانٍ بِأَمْرٍ فَلَا يُبْدِهِ عَلَانِيَةً وَلَكِنْ لِيَأْخُذْ بِيَدِهِ فَيَخْلُوَ بِهِ فَإِنْ قَبِلَ مِنْهُ فَذَاكَ وَإِلَّا كَانَ قَدْ أَدَّى الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ لَهُ“ وَإِنَّكَ يَا هِشَامُ لَأَنْتَ الْجَرِيءُ إِذْ تَجْتَرِئُ عَلَى سُلْطَانِ اللَّهِ فَهَلَّا خَشِيتَ أَنْ يَقْتُلَكَ السُّلْطَانُ فَتَكُونَ قَتِيلَ سُلْطَانِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى
It is narrated from Shurayh bin Ubaid Hadrami and others that a region was conquered and Sayyiduna Iyad bin Ghanm (may Allah be pleased with him) beat the owner of a house. Sayyiduna Hisham bin Hakim bin Hizam spoke harsh words to him. Iyad (may Allah be pleased with him) became angry. After a few days, Sayyiduna Hisham bin Hakim came and apologized. Then Sayyiduna Hisham said to Iyad (may Allah be pleased with him): Did you hear the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) say that the people who will be given the severest punishment among the people are those who inflict severe punishment on people in this world? Sayyiduna Iyad bin Ghanm (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Hisham! Whatever you have heard, we have also heard, and whatever you have seen, we have also seen. Did you not hear that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Whoever intends to advise a ruler should not say anything in front of the people, but should take his hand and go with him in private. If the ruler accepts his advice, that is better; otherwise, that person has fulfilled his duty. O Hisham! You are very bold, because you have dared against Allah’s authority. Are you not afraid that Allah’s ruler might kill you, and thus you become the slain of Allah’s ruler?
