الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الخلافة والإمارةThe Book of Caliphate and Leadership
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Subchapter
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Hadith 12115
عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ ”لَا طَاعَةَ لِبَشَرٍ فِي مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ“
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: When it comes to disobedience to Allah Almighty, no human being is to be obeyed.
Hadith 12116
وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ آخَرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ ”لَا طَاعَةَ لِمَخْلُوقٍ فِي مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ“
(Second chain) It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: When there is disobedience to Allah, then obedience to the creation is not permissible.
Hadith 12117
وَعَنْهُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَرِيَّةً وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ قَالَ فَلَمَّا خَرَجُوا قَالَ وَجَدَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي شَيْءٍ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ أَلَيْسَ قَدْ أَمَرَكُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ تُطِيعُونِي قَالَ قَالُوا بَلَى قَالَ فَقَالَ اجْمَعُوا حَطَبًا ثُمَّ دَعَا بِنَارٍ فَأَضْرَمَهَا فِيهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ عَزَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ لَتَدْخُلُنَّهَا قَالَ فَهَمَّ الْقَوْمُ أَنْ يَدْخُلُوهَا قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ شَابٌّ مِنْهُمْ إِنَّمَا فَرَرْتُمْ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنَ النَّارِ فَلَا تَعْجَلُوا حَتَّى تَلْقَوُا النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَإِنْ أَمَرَكُمْ أَنْ تَدْخُلُوهَا فَادْخُلُوا قَالَ فَرَجَعُوا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَخْبَرُوهُ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ ”لَوْ دَخَلْتُمُوهَا مَا خَرَجْتُمْ مِنْهَا أَبَدًا إِنَّمَا الطَّاعَةُ فِي الْمَعْرُوفِ“
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent out a military expedition and appointed a Christian as their commander. He became angry with his army over some matter and said to them: "Did not the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) command you to obey me?" The companions replied: "Yes, he did." Then he said: "Gather firewood." Then he had a fire lit and said: "I give you a strict order to jump into this fire." Some people actually intended to enter the fire, but then a young man among them said: "You came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to save yourselves from the fire, so do not be hasty. First, meet the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). If he commands you to enter the fire, then do so." So when they returned to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and related the whole incident to him, he (peace and blessings be upon him) said to them: "If you had entered the fire, you would never have come out of it. Obedience is only in what is permissible."
Hadith 12118
وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ آخَرَ بِنَحْوِهِ وَفِيهِ ”لَوْ دَخَلْتُمُوهَا لَمْ تَزَالُوا فِيهَا إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ“ وَقَالَ لِلْآخَرِينَ قَوْلًا حَسَنًا وَقَالَ ”لَا طَاعَةَ فِي مَعْصِيَّةِ اللَّهِ إِنَّمَا الطَّاعَةُ فِي الْمَعْرُوفِ“
.(Second chain) A similar hadith is narrated, except that in it: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: If you had entered the fire, you would have remained in it until the Day of Resurrection. And regarding those who refused to enter the fire, he spoke well of them and said: There is no obedience to anyone in disobedience to Allah; obedience is only in what is permissible.
Hadith 12119
عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ ”السَّمْعُ وَالطَّاعَةُ عَلَى الْمَرْءِ فِيمَا أَحَبَّ أَوْ كَرِهَ إِلَّا أَنْ يُؤْمَرَ بِمَعْصِيَةٍ فَإِنْ أُمِرَ بِمَعْصِيَةٍ فَلَا سَمْعَ وَلَا طَاعَةَ“
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: It is obligatory upon a person to listen to the ruler and obey him, whether he likes those matters or dislikes them, except when he is commanded to disobey Allah Almighty, then he should neither listen to that command nor obey it.
Hadith 12120
وَعَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ ”لَا طَاعَةَ فِي مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى“
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Imran bin Husain (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: There is no obedience to anyone in disobedience to Allah Almighty.
Hadith 12121
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ أَخْبَرَنَا يُونُسُ وَحُمَيْدٌ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ أَنَّ زِيَادًا اسْتَعْمَلَ الْحَكَمَ الْغِفَارِيَّ عَلَى جَيْشٍ فَأَتَاهُ عِمْرَانُ بْنُ حُصَيْنٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فَلَقِيَهُ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ أَتَدْرِي لِمَ جِئْتُكَ فَقَالَ لَهُ لِمَ قَالَ هَلْ تَذْكُرُ قَوْلَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِلرَّجُلِ الَّذِي قَالَ لَهُ أَمِيرُهُ اقْعَ فِي النَّارِ فَأَدْرَكَ فَاحْتَبَسَ فَأُخْبِرَ بِذَلِكَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ ”لَوْ وَقَعَ فِيهَا لَدَخَلَا النَّارَ جَمِيعًا لَا طَاعَةَ فِي مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى“ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ إِنَّمَا أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أُذَكِّرَكَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ
It is narrated from Hasan that Ziyad appointed Hakam Ghafari as the commander over an army. Sayyiduna Imran bin Husain (may Allah be pleased with him) came and met him among the people and said: Do you know why I have come to you? He said: Please tell me, for what reason have you come? He said: Do you remember that saying of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) which he said to that man whose commander had told him to enter the fire, but that man refused to obey? The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: If he had entered the fire, both of them (the one who gave the order and the one who obeyed) would have entered Hell. There is no obedience to anyone in disobedience to Allah Almighty. Hakam Ghafari said: Yes, I remember. Then Sayyiduna Imran (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I wanted to remind you of this hadith.
Hadith 12122
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ قَالَ أَرَادَ زِيَادٌ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ عِمْرَانَ بْنَ حُصَيْنٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَلَى خُرَاسَانَ فَأَبَى عَلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَصْحَابُهُ أَتَرَكْتَ خُرَاسَانَ أَنْ تَكُونَ عَلَيْهَا قَالَ فَقَالَ إِنِّي وَاللَّهِ مَا يَسُرُّنِي أَنْ أُصَلِّيَ بِحَرِّهَا وَتُصَلُّوا بِبَرْدِهَا إِنِّي أَخَافُ إِذَا كُنْتُ فِي نُحُورِ الْعَدُوِّ أَنْ يَأْتِيَنِي كِتَابٌ مِنْ زِيَادٍ فَإِنْ أَنَا مَضَيْتُ هَلَكْتُ وَإِنْ رَجَعْتُ ضُرِبَتْ عُنُقِي قَالَ فَأَرَادَ الْحَكَمُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الْغِفَارِيُّ عَلَيْهَا قَالَ فَانْقَادَ لِأَمْرِهِ قَالَ فَقَالَ عِمْرَانُ أَلَا أَحَدٌ يَدْعُو لِي الْحَكَمَ قَالَ فَانْطَلَقَ الرَّسُولُ قَالَ فَأَقْبَلَ الْحَكَمُ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ فَقَالَ عِمْرَانُ لِلْحَكَمِ أَسَمِعْتَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ ”لَا طَاعَةَ لِأَحَدٍ فِي مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى“ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَقَالَ عِمْرَانُ لِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ أَوِ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Samit (may Allah be pleased with him) says that Ziyad intended to send Sayyiduna Imran bin Husain (may Allah be pleased with him) towards Khurasan, but he refused to accept this responsibility. His companions said to him: "You have refused the governorship of Khurasan?" He replied: "I do not like that I bear the difficulties of leadership while you benefit from its fruits. In fact, I fear that if I am facing the enemy and a letter from Ziyad reaches me, (according to that letter) if I advance, I will be destroyed, and if I retreat, I will be killed." Thus, Ziyad intended to appoint Sayyiduna Hakam bin Amr Ghafari (may Allah be pleased with him) as the leader of this army, and he accepted Ziyad's order. Meanwhile, Sayyiduna Imran (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Is there anyone who can bring Hakam (may Allah be pleased with him) to me?" A man went and Hakam (may Allah be pleased with him) came. When he reached him, Sayyiduna Imran (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: "Did you hear the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say that when there is disobedience to Allah, then no one can be obeyed?" He said, "Yes." Imran (may Allah be pleased with him) (expressing gratitude) said: "All praise is due to Allah" or "Allah is the Greatest."
Hadith 12123
وَعَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ مُعَاذًا قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ كَانَ عَلَيْنَا أُمَرَاءُ لَا يَسْتَنُّونَ بِسُنَّتِكَ وَلَا يَأْخُذُونَ بِأَمْرِكَ فَمَا تَأْمُرُ فِي أَمْرِهِمْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ ”لَا طَاعَةَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ“
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), Sayyiduna Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah! What is your opinion regarding this: if rulers are imposed over us who do not follow your Sunnah and do not act upon your command, then what is the ruling for us regarding them? The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: The one who does not obey Allah Almighty, he cannot be obeyed.
Hadith 12124
فَقَالَ عُبَادَةُ لِأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا يَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ إِنَّكَ لَمْ تَكُنْ مَعَنَا إِذْ بَايَعْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنَّا بَايَعْنَاهُ عَلَى السَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ فِي النَّشَاطِ وَالْكَسَلِ وَعَلَى النَّفَقَةِ فِي الْيُسْرِ وَالْعُسْرِ وَعَلَى الْأَمْرِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَالنَّهْيِ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَعَلَى أَنْ نَقُولَ فِي اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى وَلَا نَخَافَ لَوْمَةَ لَائِمٍ فِيهِ وَعَلَى أَنْ نَنْصُرَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا قَدِمَ عَلَيْنَا يَثْرِبَ فَنَمْنَعَهُ مِمَّا نَمْنَعُ مِنْهُ أَنْفُسَنَا وَأَزْوَاجَنَا وَأَبْنَاءَنَا وَلَنَا الْجَنَّةُ فَهَذِهِ بَيْعَةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ الَّتِي بَايَعْنَا عَلَيْهَا فَمَنْ نَكَثَ فَإِنَّمَا يَنْكُثُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَمَنْ أَوْفَى بِمَا بَايَعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَفَّى اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى بِمَا بَايَعَ عَلَيْهِ نَبِيَّهُ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَكَتَبَ مُعَاوِيَةُ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ أَنَّ عُبَادَةَ بْنَ الصَّامِتِ قَدْ أَفْسَدَ عَلَيَّ الشَّامَ وَأَهْلَهُ فَإِمَّا تُكِنُّ إِلَيْكَ عُبَادَةَ وَإِمَّا أُخَلِّي بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الشَّامِ فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ رَحِّلْ عُبَادَةَ حَتَّى تُرْجِعَهُ إِلَى دَارِهِ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ فَبَعَثَ بِعُبَادَةَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَدَخَلَ عَلَى عُثْمَانَ فِي الدَّارِ وَلَيْسَ فِي الدَّارِ غَيْرُ رَجُلٍ مِنَ السَّابِقِينَ أَوْ مِنَ التَّابِعِينَ قَدْ أَدْرَكَ الْقَوْمَ فَلَمْ يَفْجَأْ عُثْمَانَ إِلَّا وَهُوَ قَاعِدٌ فِي جَنْبِ الدَّارِ فَالْتَفَتَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ يَا عُبَادَةَ بْنَ الصَّامِتِ مَا لَنَا وَلَكَ فَقَامَ عُبَادَةُ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَيِ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ مُحَمَّدًا صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ ”إِنَّهُ سَيَلِي أُمُورَكُمْ بَعْدِي رِجَالٌ يُعَرِّفُونَكُمْ مَا تُنْكِرُونَ وَيُنْكِرُونَ عَلَيْكُمْ مَا تَعْرِفُونَ فَلَا طَاعَةَ لِمَنْ عَصَى اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى فَلَا تَعْتَلُّوا بِرَبِّكُمْ“
It is narrated from Sayyiduna ‘Ubada bin Samit (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said to Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him): Abu Hurairah! You were not present at that time when the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) migrated and came to us in Yathrib. We pledged allegiance to him, that we would listen and obey him in every condition, whether active or lazy, and whether in prosperity or adversity, whenever needed, we would spend in every situation, enjoin good and forbid evil, and always speak what pleases Allah Almighty, and would not fear the blame of any blamer. We would help the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) with our heart and soul, and would protect him from those things from which we protect our own lives, wives, and children, and in return, we would be granted Paradise. These are the matters of allegiance upon which we pledged allegiance to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Whoever violates this, its burden will be upon him. Regarding Allah, the allegiance that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) took and gave, who is there who can fulfill his allegiance more than him?
Sayyiduna Mu‘awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to Sayyiduna ‘Uthman bin ‘Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) that Sayyiduna ‘Ubada (may Allah be pleased with him) has turned the people of Syria against me, so either call ‘Ubada (may Allah be pleased with him) to you, or I will expel him from Syria. Sayyiduna ‘Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to him to send Sayyiduna ‘Ubada (may Allah be pleased with him) back to Madinah, so Sayyiduna Mu‘awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) sent Sayyiduna ‘Ubada (may Allah be pleased with him) back. When he returned to Madinah, Sayyiduna ‘Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) went to his house. In the house, there was only one person from the earliest Muslims, and he too went to the people. Sayyiduna ‘Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) was sitting in a corner of the house. He turned towards Sayyiduna ‘Ubada (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: ‘Ubada! What is the matter between you and us? Sayyiduna ‘Ubada (may Allah be pleased with him) stood among the people and said: I heard Abu’l-Qasim Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), say: Soon, people will gain dominance over your affairs, such that what you consider wrong, they will consider right, and what you consider good, they will consider wrong. Whoever disobeys Allah Almighty, he cannot be obeyed. You will not be able to present any excuse before your Lord.
Sayyiduna Mu‘awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to Sayyiduna ‘Uthman bin ‘Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) that Sayyiduna ‘Ubada (may Allah be pleased with him) has turned the people of Syria against me, so either call ‘Ubada (may Allah be pleased with him) to you, or I will expel him from Syria. Sayyiduna ‘Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to him to send Sayyiduna ‘Ubada (may Allah be pleased with him) back to Madinah, so Sayyiduna Mu‘awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) sent Sayyiduna ‘Ubada (may Allah be pleased with him) back. When he returned to Madinah, Sayyiduna ‘Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) went to his house. In the house, there was only one person from the earliest Muslims, and he too went to the people. Sayyiduna ‘Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) was sitting in a corner of the house. He turned towards Sayyiduna ‘Ubada (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: ‘Ubada! What is the matter between you and us? Sayyiduna ‘Ubada (may Allah be pleased with him) stood among the people and said: I heard Abu’l-Qasim Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), say: Soon, people will gain dominance over your affairs, such that what you consider wrong, they will consider right, and what you consider good, they will consider wrong. Whoever disobeys Allah Almighty, he cannot be obeyed. You will not be able to present any excuse before your Lord.
