الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الخلافة والإمارةThe Book of Caliphate and Leadership
الْفَضْلُ الأَوَّلُ: فِي وُجُوبِ طَاعَةِ أُولِي الْأَمْرِ ، وَعَدْمِ الْخُرُوجِ عَلَيْهِمْ
The First Virtue: Regarding the Obligation to Obey Those in Authority and Not to Rebel Against Them
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Hadith 12102
عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ قَالَ جَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَتْلُو عَلَيَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ {وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ مَخْرَجًا} [الطلاق: 2] حَتَّى فَرَغَ مِنَ الْآيَةِ ثُمَّ قَالَ ”يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ لَوْ أَنَّ النَّاسَ كُلَّهُمْ أَخَذُوا بِهَا لَكَفَتْهُمْ“ قَالَ فَجَعَلَ يَتْلُو بِهَا وَيُرَدِّدُهَا عَلَيَّ حَتَّى نَعَسْتُ ثُمَّ قَالَ ”يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ كَيْفَ تَصْنَعُ إِنْ أُخْرِجْتَ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ“ قَالَ قُلْتُ إِلَى السَّعَةِ وَالدَّعَةِ أَنْطَلِقُ حَتَّى أَكُونَ حَمَامَةً مِنْ حَمَامِ مَكَّةَ قَالَ ”كَيْفَ تَصْنَعُ إِنْ أُخْرِجْتَ مِنْ مَكَّةَ“ قَالَ قُلْتُ إِلَى السَّعَةِ وَالدَّعَةِ إِلَى الشَّامِ وَالْأَرْضِ الْمُقَدَّسَةِ قَالَ ”وَكَيْفَ تَصْنَعُ إِنْ أُخْرِجْتَ مِنَ الشَّامِ“ قَالَ قُلْتُ إِذَنْ وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ أَضَعُ سَيْفِي عَلَى عَاتِقِي قَالَ ”أَوَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ“ قَالَ قُلْتُ أَوَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ ”تَسْمَعُ وَتُطِيعُ وَإِنْ كَانَ عَبْدًا حَبَشِيًّا“
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) recited this verse: {وَمَنْ یَتَّقِ اللّٰہَ یَجْعَلْ لَہُ مَخْرَجًا} … Whoever fears Allah, Allah will make a way out for him. After this, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “O Abu Dharr! If all people act upon this verse, it will be sufficient for all of them.” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) kept reciting this verse and repeating it before me until I began to doze off. After that, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “O Abu Dharr! If you are expelled from Madinah, what will you do?” He said: “I will go to a place where there is spaciousness and abundance; I will go to Makkah and become like one of its pigeons.” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “If you are expelled from Makkah, then what will you do?” Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “I will go towards Shaam, a place of spaciousness and abundance, for it is the sacred land.” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “If you are expelled from Shaam as well, then what will you do?” He said: “By the One Who has sent you with the truth! Then I will place my sword upon my shoulder.” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Shall I not tell you something better than that?” He said: “Is there any deed better than this?” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “You should listen to the ruler and obey him, even if he is an Abyssinian slave.”
Hadith 12103
عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ ”يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ كَيْفَ أَنْتَ عِنْدَ وُلَاةٍ“ (وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ ”كَيْفَ أَنْتَ وَأَئِمَّةٌ مِنْ بَعْدِي“) ”يَسْتَأْثِرُونَ عَلَيْكَ بِهَذَا الْفَيْءِ“ قَالَ وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ أَضَعُ سَيْفِي عَلَى عَاتِقِي فَأَضْرِبُ بِهِ حَتَّى أَلْحَقَكَ قَالَ ”أَفَلَا أَدُلُّكَ عَلَى خَيْرٍ لَكَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ تَصْبِرُ حَتَّى تَلْقَانِي“
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him), the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: O Abu Dharr! When such rulers come who will prefer others over you regarding wealth, what will you do? He said: By the One Who has sent you with the truth! I will place my sword on my shoulder and then start fighting with it until I meet you. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Shall I not tell you something better than that? It is that you remain patient in those circumstances until you meet me.
Hadith 12104
عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ ”عَلَيْكَ السَّمْعَ وَالطَّاعَةَ فِي عُسْرِكَ وَيُسْرِكَ وَمَنْشَطِكَ وَمَكْرَهِكَ وَأَثَرَةٍ عَلَيْكَ وَلَا تُنَازِعِ الْأَمْرَ أَهْلَهُ وَإِنْ رَأَيْتَ أَنَّ لَكَ“ زَادَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ ”مَا لَمْ يَأْمُرُوكَ بِإِثْمٍ بَوَاحٍ“
It is narrated from Sayyiduna ‘Ubada bin Samit (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Whether it is hardship or ease, happiness or sorrow, and even if others are given preference over you, it is obligatory upon you to listen to the ruler and accept him, and do not dispute with those in authority regarding the government, and obey them as long as they do not command you to commit an open sin.
Hadith 12105
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ ”عَلَيْكَ السَّمْعَ وَالطَّاعَةَ فِي عُسْرِكَ وَيُسْرِكَ وَمَنْشَطِكَ وَمَكْرَهِكَ وَأَثَرَةٍ عَلَيْكَ“
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Whether it is hardship or ease, happiness or displeasure, and even if others are given preference over you, still you must listen to the ruler and obey him.
Hadith 12106
عَنْ أُمِّ الْحُصَيْنِ الْأَحْمَسِيَّةِ قَالَتْ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَخْطُبُ بِعَرَفَاتٍ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ ”وَلَوِ اسْتُعْمِلَ عَلَيْكُمْ عَبْدٌ يَقُودُكُمْ بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَاسْمَعُوا لَهُ وَأَطِيعُوا“ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَسَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ إِنِّي لَأَرَى لَهُ السَّمْعَ وَالطَّاعَةَ فِي الْعُسْرِ وَالْيُسْرِ وَالْمَنْشَطِ وَالْمَكْرَهِ
It is narrated from Sayyida Umm Husayn Ahmasiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her), she says: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) delivering a sermon at Arafat: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: If a slave is appointed as your ruler and he leads and guides you according to the Book of Allah, then listen to him and obey him. Abdullah bin Imam Ahmad says: My father said: I believe that whether it is difficult or easy, in happiness or compulsion, in every situation, one must listen to the ruler and obey him.
Hadith 12107
(وَعَنْهَا مِنْ طَرِيقٍ آخَرَ) قَالَتْ رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ يَخْطُبُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ عَلَيْهِ بُرْدٌ لَهُ قَدِ الْتَفَعَ بِهِ مِنْ تَحْتِ إِبْطِهِ قَالَتْ فَأَنَا أَنْظُرُ إِلَى عَضَلَةِ عَضُدِهِ تَرْتَجُّ فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ ”يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَإِنْ أُمِّرَ عَلَيْكُمْ عَبْدٌ حَبَشِيٌّ مُجَدَّعٌ فَاسْمَعُوا لَهُ وَأَطِيعُوا مَا أَقَامَ فِيكُمْ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ“
(Second Chain) It is narrated from Sayyida Umm Husayn (may Allah be pleased with her), she says: I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) on the occasion of the Farewell Pilgrimage, that he was seated on the pulpit and he had a cloak on, which he had wrapped by bringing it out from under his arm. I saw that the muscle of his arm was moving. While addressing, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: O people! Fear Allah, and even if a slave with a cut nose from Abyssinia is appointed as your leader, you must listen to him and obey him, as long as he establishes the Book of Allah among you.
Hadith 12108
عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ ”يَكُونُ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَرَاءُ تَطْمَئِنُّ إِلَيْهِمُ الْقُلُوبُ وَتَلِينُ لَهُمُ الْجُلُودُ ثُمَّ يَكُونُ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَرَاءُ تَشْمَئِزُّ مِنْهُمُ الْقُلُوبُ وَتَقْشَعِرُّ مِنْهُمُ الْجُلُودُ“ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ أَنُقَاتِلُهُمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ ”لَا مَا أَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ“
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id Khudri, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Rulers will come over you under whose rule your hearts will be content and your skin will be soft in obedience to them, but after them there will also come rulers whom your hearts will hate and the hair on your bodies will stand on end out of fear of them. A man said: O Messenger of Allah! Shall we fight against such rulers? He, peace and blessings be upon him, said: As long as they establish prayer, you are not permitted to fight them.
Hadith 12109
عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ قَالَتْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ ”إِنَّهُ سَتَكُونُ أُمَرَاءُ تَعْرِفُونَ وَتُنْكِرُونَ فَمَنْ أَنْكَرَ فَقَدْ بَرِئَ وَمَنْ كَرِهَ فَقَدْ سَلِمَ وَلَكِنْ مَنْ رَضِيَ وَتَابَعَ“ قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَفَلَا نُقَاتِلُهُمْ قَالَ ”لَا مَا صَلَّوْا لَكُمُ الْخَمْسَ“
It is narrated from Sayyida Umm Salama (may Allah be pleased with her) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Soon there will be rulers over you, some of whose actions you will like and some you will dislike. Whoever rejects their wrong actions, he is absolved (i.e., he has fulfilled his responsibility); whoever dislikes their wrong actions, he too is saved (from the displeasure of Allah); but the one who is pleased with their wrong actions and follows them, (he will not be saved from the displeasure of Allah). The Companions said: O Messenger of Allah! Should we not fight against such rulers? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: No, not as long as they establish prayer (i.e., perform the five prayers) among you.
Hadith 12110
عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ ”اسْمَعُوا وَأَطِيعُوا وَإِنِ اسْتُعْمِلَ عَلَيْكُمْ حَبَشِيٌّ كَأَنَّ رَأْسَهُ زَبِيبَةٌ“
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Listen to the ruler and obey him, even if a ruler is appointed over you who is an Abyssinian whose head is like a raisin.
Hadith 12111
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ ”يُهْلِكُ أُمَّتِي هَذَا الْحَيُّ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ“ قَالُوا فَمَا تَأْمُرُنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ ”لَوْ أَنَّ النَّاسَ اعْتَزَلُوهُمْ“ وَقَالَ أَبِي فِي مَرَضِهِ الَّذِي مَاتَ فِيهِ اضْرِبْ عَلَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فَإِنَّهُ خِلَافُ الْأَحَادِيثِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَعْنِي قَوْلَهُ ”اسْمَعُوا وَأَطِيعُوا وَاصْبِرُوا“
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: The tribe of Quraysh will destroy my Ummah. The Companions asked: O Messenger of Allah! In such circumstances, what do you command us to do? He, peace and blessings be upon him, said: If people keep themselves apart from them, (then they will remain safe from their evil). Imam Ahmad said during his final illness: Erase this hadith, because this hadith is contrary to those ahadith in which you, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Listen to the rulers, obey them, and be patient.
Hadith 12112
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ ”مَنْ أَطَاعَنِي فَقَدْ أَطَاعَ اللَّهَ وَمَنْ عَصَانِي فَقَدْ عَصَى اللَّهَ وَمَنْ أَطَاعَ أَمِيرِي فَقَدْ أَطَاعَنِي وَمَنْ عَصَى أَمِيرِي فَقَدْ عَصَانِي“
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Whoever obeys me has obeyed Allah, and whoever disobeys me has disobeyed Allah. And whoever obeys the leader appointed by me has obeyed me, and whoever disobeys the leader appointed by me has disobeyed me.
Hadith 12113
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ قَالَ قُرِئَ عَلَى سُفْيَانَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الزِّنَادِ عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَسَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ يَقُولُ ”مَنْ أَطَاعَ أَمِيرِي فَقَدْ أَطَاعَنِي وَمَنْ أَطَاعَنِي فَقَدْ أَطَاعَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ“
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Noble Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him and his family, said: Whoever obeys the leader appointed by me, has obeyed me. And whoever obeys me, has in fact obeyed Allah Almighty.
Hadith 12114
عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ ”مَنْ عَبَدَ اللَّهَ لَا يُشْرِكُ بِهِ شَيْئًا فَأَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَى الزَّكَاةَ وَسَمِعَ وَأَطَاعَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يُدْخِلُهُ مِنْ أَيِّ أَبْوَابِ الْجَنَّةِ شَاءَ وَلَهَا ثَمَانِيَةُ أَبْوَابٍ وَمَنْ عَبَدَ اللَّهَ لَا يُشْرِكُ بِهِ شَيْئًا وَأَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَى الزَّكَاةَ وَسَمِعَ وَعَصَى فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى مِنْ أَمْرِهِ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءَ رَحِمَهُ وَإِنْ شَاءَ عَذَّبَهُ“
It is narrated from Sayyiduna ‘Ubada bin Samit (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Whoever worships Allah, does not associate anyone with Him, establishes prayer, pays zakat, listens to the ruler and obeys him, Allah will admit him into Paradise through whichever of the eight gates of Paradise he wishes. And whoever worships Allah, does not associate anything with Him, establishes prayer, pays zakat, listens to the ruler but does not obey him, then his matter is with Allah; if He wills, He will forgive him, and if He wills, He will punish him.
