الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الخلافة والإمارةThe Book of Caliphate and Leadership
Section: Explanation of the Saying of the Noble Prophet ﷺ: "Each of you is a shepherd and each of you will be questioned about his flock"
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Hadith 12048
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ ”كُلُّكُمْ رَاعٍ وَمَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ الْإِمَامُ رَاعٍ وَهُوَ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ وَالرَّجُلُ فِي أَهْلِهِ رَاعٍ وَهُوَ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ وَالْمَرْأَةُ رَاعِيَةٌ فِي بَيْتِ زَوْجِهَا وَهِيَ مَسْئُولَةٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهَا وَالْخَادِمُ فِي مَالِ سَيِّدِهِ رَاعٍ وَهُوَ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ“ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ هَؤُلَاءِ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَحْسَبُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ ”وَالرَّجُلُ فِي مَالِ أَبِيهِ رَاعٍ وَهُوَ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ فَكُلُّكُمْ رَاعٍ وَكُلُّكُمْ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ“
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Each of you is a guardian and each of you will be questioned about his subjects. The ruler is responsible and will be questioned about his subjects. A man is responsible for his family and will be questioned about those under his care. A woman is responsible for her husband’s house and will be questioned about her responsibilities. A servant is a guardian over his master’s wealth and will be questioned about it. Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard these words from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). And I think the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) also said that a person is responsible and guardian over his father’s wealth, so he will also be questioned about it. In short, each of you is a guardian and will be questioned about his subjects.
Hadith 12049
وَعَنْهُ أَيْضًا رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ ”لَا يَسْتَرْعِي اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى عَبْدًا رَعِيَّةً قَلَّتْ أَوْ كَثُرَتْ إِلَّا سَأَلَهُ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى عَنْهَا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ أَقَامَ فِيهِمْ أَمْرَ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى أَمْ أَضَاعَهُ حَتَّى يَسْأَلَهُ عَنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ خَاصَّةً“
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Allah Almighty grants a servant authority over a small or large group of people; on the Day of Resurrection, He will question him regarding them—whether he implemented Allah’s command among them or not. He will even specifically question him about his family.
Hadith 12050
وَعَنْهُ أَيْضًا رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ رَأَى رَاعِيَ غَنَمٍ فِي مَكَانٍ قَبِيحٍ وَقَدْ رَأَى ابْنُ عُمَرَ مَكَانًا أَمْثَلَ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ وَيْحَكَ يَا رَاعِي حَوِّلْهَا فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ ”كُلُّ رَاعٍ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ“
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that he saw a shepherd grazing goats in a very filthy place, while he had seen a better place than that. So he said: Shepherd! Woe to you, move these goats from here and take them there, because I heard the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) say that every person in charge will be questioned about those under his care.
Hadith 12051
عَنِ الْحَسَنِ أَنَّ مَعْقِلَ بْنَ يَسَارٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ اشْتَكَى فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ يَعْنِي يَعُودُهُ فَقَالَ أَمَا إِنِّي أُحَدِّثُكَ حَدِيثًا لَمْ أَكُنْ حَدَّثْتُكَ بِهِ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَوْ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ ”لَا يَسْتَرْعِي اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى عَبْدًا رَعِيَّةً فَيَمُوتُ يَوْمَ يَمُوتُ وَهُوَ لَهَا غَاشٌّ إِلَّا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ“ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ ”فَهُوَ فِي النَّارِ“
It is narrated from Hasan that Sayyiduna Ma'qil bin Yasar (may Allah be pleased with him) fell ill and 'Ubaydullah bin Ziyad came to visit him. Sayyiduna Ma'qil (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I will tell you a hadith which I have not narrated before. I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: If Allah grants authority to any servant over a people, and he dies while deceiving his subjects, Allah will make Paradise forbidden for him. In another narration: He is of the people of Hell.
Hadith 12052
وَبِالطَّرِيقِ الثَّانِي عَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ مَرِضَ مَعْقِلُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ مَرَضًا ثَقُلَ فِيهِ فَأَتَاهُ ابْنُ زِيَادٍ يَعُودُهُ فَقَالَ إِنِّي مُحَدِّثُكَ حَدِيثًا سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ ”مَنِ اسْتُرْعِيَ رَعِيَّةً فَلَمْ يُحِطْهُمْ بِنَصِيحَةٍ لَمْ يَجِدْ رِيحَ الْجَنَّةِ وَرِيحُهَا يُوجَدُ مِنْ مَسِيرَةِ مِائَةِ عَامٍ“ قَالَ ابْنُ زِيَادٍ أَلَا كُنْتَ حَدَّثْتَنِي بِهَذَا قَبْلَ الْآنَ قَالَ وَالْآنَ لَوْلَا الَّذِي أَنْتَ عَلَيْهِ لَمْ أُحَدِّثْكَ بِهِ
(Second chain) It is narrated from Hasan that Sayyiduna Ma'qil bin Yasar (may Allah be pleased with him) fell ill, and his illness became severe. Ibn Ziyad came to visit him. Sayyiduna Ma'qil (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I will tell you a hadith. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Whoever is given authority and does not treat his subjects well, he will not even smell the fragrance of Paradise, though its fragrance can be perceived from a distance of one hundred years. Ibn Ziyad said: Why did you not narrate this hadith before? Sayyiduna Ma'qil (may Allah be pleased with him) said: If you were not in the position you are now, even now I would not have narrated this hadith to you.
