الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
العادات المباركةThe Blessed Customs
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي قِيَامِهِ ﷺ بِاللَّيْلِ وَوِتْرِهِ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ
Chapter on What Has Been Reported Regarding His ﷺ Night Prayer, Witr, and Other Matters
Hadith 11359
عَنْ زُرَارَةَ بْنِ أَوْفَى عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ أَتَى ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا فَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ الْوِتْرِ فَقَالَ أَلَا أُنَبِّئُكَ بِأَعْلَمِ أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ بِوِتْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ ائْتِ عَائِشَةَ فَسَلْهَا ثُمَّ ارْجِعْ إِلَيَّ فَأَخْبِرْنِي بِرَدِّهَا عَلَيْكَ قَالَ فَأَتَيْتُ عَلَى حَكِيمِ بْنِ أَفْلَحَ فَاسْتَلْحَقْتُهُ إِلَيْهَا فَقَالَ مَا أَنَا بِقَارِبِهَا إِنِّي نَهَيْتُهَا أَنْ تَقُولَ فِي هَاتَيْنِ الشِّيعَتَيْنِ شَيْئًا فَأَبَتْ فِيهِمَا إِلَّا مُضِيًّا فَأَقْسَمْتُ عَلَيْهِ فَجَاءَ مَعِي فَدَخَلْنَا عَلَيْهَا فَقَالَتْ حَكِيمٌ وَعَرَفَتْهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ أَوْ بَلَى قَالَتْ مَنْ هَذَا مَعَكَ قَالَ سَعْدُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ قَالَتْ مَنْ هِشَامٌ قَالَ ابْنُ عَامِرٍ قَالَ فَتَرَحَّمَتْ عَلَيْهِ وَقَالَتْ نِعْمَ الْمَرْءُ كَانَ عَامِرٌ قُلْتُ يَا أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْبِئِينِي عَنْ خُلُقِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَتْ أَلَسْتَ تَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ قُلْتُ بَلَى قَالَتْ فَإِنَّ خُلُقَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ الْقُرْآنَ فَهَمَمْتُ أَنْ أَقُومَ فَبَدَا لِي قِيَامُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قُلْتُ يَا أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْبِئِينِي عَنْ قِيَامِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَتْ أَلَسْتَ تَقْرَأُ هَذِهِ السُّورَةَ {يَا أَيُّهَا الْمُزَّمِّلُ} قُلْتُ بَلَى قَالَتْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ افْتَرَضَ قِيَامَ اللَّيْلِ فِي أَوَّلِ هَذِهِ السُّورَةِ فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ حَوْلًا حَتَّى انْتَفَخَتْ أَقْدَامُهُمْ وَأَمْسَكَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ خَاتِمَتَهَا فِي السَّمَاءِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ شَهْرًا ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ التَّخْفِيفَ فِي آخِرِ هَذِهِ السُّورَةِ فَصَارَ قِيَامُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ تَطَوُّعًا مِنْ بَعْدِ فَرِيضَةٍ فَهَمَمْتُ أَنْ أَقُومَ ثُمَّ بَدَا لِي وِتْرُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قُلْتُ يَا أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْبِئِينِي عَنْ وِتْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَتْ كُنَّا نُعِدُّ لَهُ سِوَاكَهُ وَطَهُورَهُ فَيَبْعَثُهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لِمَا شَاءَ أَنْ يَبْعَثَهُ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَيَتَسَوَّكُ ثُمَّ يَتَوَضَّأُ ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي ثَمَانِيَ رَكْعَاتٍ لَا يَجْلِسُ فِيهِنَّ إِلَّا عِنْدَ الثَّامِنَةِ فَيَجْلِسُ وَيَذْكُرُ رَبَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَيَدْعُو وَيَسْتَغْفِرُ ثُمَّ يَنْهَضُ وَلَا يُسَلِّمُ ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي التَّاسِعَةَ فَيَقْعُدُ فَيَحْمَدُ رَبَّهُ وَيَذْكُرُهُ وَيَدْعُو ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمُ تَسْلِيمًا يُسْمِعُنَا ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ بَعْدَ مَا يُسَلِّمُ فَتِلْكَ إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً يَا بُنَيَّ فَلَمَّا أَسَنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَخَذَ اللَّحْمَ أَوْتَرَ بِسَبْعٍ ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ بَعْدَ مَا يُسَلِّمُ فَتِلْكَ تِسْعٌ يَا بُنَيَّ وَكَانَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا صَلَّى صَلَاةً أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُدَاوِمَ عَلَيْهَا وَكَانَ إِذَا شَغَلَ عَنْ قِيَامِ اللَّيْلِ بِنَوْمٍ أَوْ وَجْعٍ أَوْ مَرَضٍ صَلَّى مِنَ النَّهَارِ اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً وَلَا أَعْلَمُ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَرَأَ الْقُرْآنَ كُلَّهُ فِي لَيْلَةٍ وَلَا قَامَ لَيْلَةً حَتَّى أَصْبَحَ وَلَا صَامَ شَهْرًا كَامِلًا غَيْرَ رَمَضَانَ فَأَتَيْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ فَحَدَّثْتُهُ بِحَدِيثِهَا فَقَالَ صَدَقَتْ أَمَا لَوْ كُنْتُ أَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهَا لَأَتَيْتُهَا حَتَّى تُشَافِهَنِي مُشَافَهَةً
Zurarah bin Aufi narrates from Sa’d bin Hisham that he went to Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) and asked him questions regarding Witr. He replied: “Shall I not tell you who on the face of the earth has the most knowledge about the Witr of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)?” Sa’d said: “Yes, please tell me.” Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “Go to Umm al-Mu’minin, Sayyidah Aisha Siddiqa (may Allah be pleased with her), and ask her. Then come back and inform me of her answer.” Ibn Hisham says: Upon hearing this, I went to Hakim bin Aflah and wanted to take him with me to Umm al-Mu’minin’s house, but he said: “I will not go to her. I had forbidden her from speaking about anything regarding the two groups (the Battle of Jamal between Sayyiduna Ali and Sayyiduna Muawiyah, may Allah be pleased with them), but she did not listen to me; rather, she herself got involved in politics.” Ibn Hisham says: But when I made him swear, he went with me. We went to her. She recognized Hakim and asked: “Are you Hakim?” He said: “Yes.” She asked: “Who is with you?” Hakim replied: “This is Sa’d bin Hisham.” She asked: “Hisham who?” Hakim said: “The son of Amir.” She prayed for mercy for Amir and said: “Amir was a very good man.” I (Hakim) said: “O Umm al-Mu’minin! Please inform me about the character of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).” She said: “Do you not read the Qur’an?” I said: “Yes.” She said: “The Qur’an is the character of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).” Hearing this, I was about to get up when I remembered about the night prayer (Qiyam al-Layl) of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). I said: “O Umm al-Mu’minin! Please inform me about the night prayer of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).” She said: “Do you not read Surah al-Muzzammil?” I said: “Yes, I do.” She said: “Allah Almighty made the night prayer obligatory in the beginning of this Surah. After that, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and his companions stood in prayer for such long periods for a year that their feet would swell. Then Allah Almighty kept the last part of this Surah suspended in the heavens for twelve months. Then Allah Almighty revealed the concession at the end of this Surah. The night prayer, which was previously obligatory upon the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), after that became voluntary for him.” After this, when I again intended to get up, I remembered to ask about the Witr prayer of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). I said: “O Umm al-Mu’minin! Please also inform me about the Witr prayer of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).” She said: “We used to prepare the miswak and water for ablution for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Whenever Allah willed, He would awaken him at any part of the night. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would use the miswak, then perform ablution, then pray eight rak’ahs continuously in such a way that he would sit in the eighth (for tashahhud), remember Allah, supplicate, and seek forgiveness, but would not say salam. Then he would stand and perform the ninth rak’ah. Then, sitting (in the final tashahhud), he would praise Allah, remember Him, and supplicate. Then he would say salam in such a moderate voice that we could hear it. After that, he would perform two rak’ahs while sitting. Son! In this way, there would be a total of eleven rak’ahs. But when his weight increased (and he became older), he would perform seven Witr and after salam, perform two rak’ahs while sitting. Son! In this way, they became nine rak’ahs. And it was the practice of the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that whenever he performed a prayer at any time, he would continue to perform it at that time. And if, due to sleep, illness, or any other reason, he could not perform the night prayer, he would perform twelve rak’ahs during the day. To my knowledge, there is no incident where the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) recited the entire Qur’an in one night or stood in prayer until morning. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) never fasted an entire month continuously except in Ramadan.” I went to Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) and narrated to him the hadith of Umm al-Mu’minin (may Allah be pleased with her). He said: “She has stated absolutely correctly. If I had gone to her, I would have presented myself in her service so that she could narrate directly to me.”
Hadith 11360
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ إِذَا صَلَّى الْعِشَاءَ دَخَلَ الْمَنْزِلَ ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ صَلَّى بَعْدَهُمَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ أَطْوَلَ مِنْهُمَا ثُمَّ أَوْتَرَ بِثَلَاثٍ لَا يَفْصِلُ فِيهِنَّ ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ يَرْكَعُ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ وَيَسْجُدُ وَهُوَ قَاعِدٌ جَالِسٌ
It is narrated from Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would return home after performing the Isha prayer, he would offer two rak‘ahs, then he would offer two rak‘ahs longer than those, after that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would offer three witr and would not separate them, then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would sit and offer two rak‘ahs, and their bowing and prostration would also be performed while sitting.
Hadith 11361
عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا عَنْ صَلَاةِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِاللَّيْلِ فَقَالَتْ يَنَامُ أَوَّلَهُ وَيَقُومُ آخِرَهُ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ كَانَ يَنَامُ أَوَّلَ اللَّيْلِ وَيُحْيِي آخِرَهُ
Aswad says: I asked Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) about the night prayer of the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). She replied: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to sleep in the early part of the night and stand (in prayer) in the latter part.
Hadith 11362
عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ مَمْلَكٍ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ صَلَاةِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِاللَّيْلِ قَالَتْ كَانَ يُصَلِّي الْعِشَاءَ الْآخِرَةَ ثُمَّ يُسَبِّحُ ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي بَعْدَهَا مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ ثُمَّ يَنْصَرِفُ فَيَرْقُدُ مِثْلَ مَا صَلَّى ثُمَّ يَسْتَيْقِظُ مِنْ نَوْمَتِهِ تِلْكَ فَيُصَلِّي مِثْلَ مَا نَامَ وَصَلَاتُهُ الْآخِرَةُ تَكُونُ إِلَى الصُّبْحِ
It is narrated from Ya'la bin Mamlak that he inquired from the wife of the Messenger, Sayyida Umm Salama (may Allah be pleased with her), about the night prayer of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him). She replied: After performing the 'Isha prayer, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would offer voluntary prayers, and then during the night, he would pray as much as Allah granted him the ability. After that, he (peace and blessings be upon him) would move away from the prayer mat and sleep for about as long as he had stood in prayer. Then, upon waking from sleep, he would stand in prayer again for about the same duration. This routine of the Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) prayer continued until morning.
Hadith 11363
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ شَقِيقٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِعَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا أَكَانَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُصَلِّي صَلَاةَ الضُّحَى قَالَتْ لَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَجِيءَ مِنْ مَغِيبَةٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ أَكَانَ يُصَلِّي جَالِسًا قَالَتْ بَعْدَ مَا حَطَمَهُ النَّاسُ قَالَ قُلْتُ أَكَانَ يَقْرَأُ السُّورَةَ فَقَالَتْ الْمُفَصَّلَ قَالَ قُلْتُ أَكَانَ يَصُومُ شَهْرًا كُلَّهُ قَالَتْ مَا عَلِمْتُهُ صَامَ شَهْرًا كُلَّهُ إِلَّا رَمَضَانَ وَلَا أَعْلَمُهُ أَفْطَرَ شَهْرًا كُلَّهُ حَتَّى يُصِيبَ مِنْهُ حَتَّى مَضَى لِوَجْهِهِ قَالَ يَزِيدُ يَقْرِنُ وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ
Abdullah bin Shaqiq says: I asked Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her): Did the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) use to perform the Duha (forenoon) prayer? She said: No, but when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) returned from a journey, he would perform it. I asked: Did the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) use to pray while sitting? She said: When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) became older, he used to pray while sitting. I asked: Did the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) use to combine surahs when reciting? She said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to recite the Mufassal surahs. I asked: Did the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ever fast for an entire month? She said: To my knowledge, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) never fasted an entire month except for Ramadan, and to my knowledge, he never left fasting for an entire month either. Until his death, it was his practice that he would fast some days in every month. In Yazid’s narration, instead of “yaqra’” the word “yaqrun” is used (meaning the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, used to recite the Mufassal surahs together).
