الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
أهم أحداث السنة الحادية عشرة للهجرةMost Important Events of the Eleventh Year of Hijrah
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي مُخْلَفَاتِهِ ﷺ وَمِیْرَاثِهِ
Chapter on What Has Been Reported Regarding His ﷺ Possessions and Inheritance
Hadith 11069
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ مَا تَرَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ دِينَارًا وَلَا دِرْهَمًا وَلَا شَاةً وَلَا بَعِيرًا وَلَا أَوْصَى بِشَيْءٍ
It is narrated from Sayyida Aisha Siddiqa (may Allah be pleased with her) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did not leave behind any dinar, dirham, goat, or camel as inheritance, nor did he make any bequest regarding any such thing.
Hadith 11070
عَنْ سُفْيَانَ وَإِسْحَاقَ يَعْنِي الْأَزْرَقَ قَالَ ثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ ابْنُ الْمُصْطَلِقِ يَقُولُ مَا تَرَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَّا سِلَاحَهُ وَبَغْلَةً بَيْضَاءَ وَأَرْضًا جَعَلَهَا صَدَقَةً
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Amr bin al-Harith bin Musallaq, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him and his family, left behind only weapons, a white mule, and some land, and their status was also that of charity.
Hadith 11071
عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ قَالَ دَخَلْتُ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ فَأَخْرَجَتْ إِلَيْنَا إِزَارًا غَلِيظًا مِمَّا صُنِعَ بِالْيَمَنِ وَكِسَاءً مِنَ الَّتِي تُدْعَى الْمُلَبَّدَةَ قَالَ بَهْزٌ تَدْعُونَ فَقَالَتْ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قُبِضَ فِي هَذَيْنِ الثَّوْبَيْنِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Burdah (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: I went to the service of Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), she showed us a thick sheet made in Yemen and another sheet which you people call "mulabbadah", and said: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away, he was wearing these two sheets.
Hadith 11072
عَنْ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا أَنَّ أَزْوَاجَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَرَدْنَ أَنْ يُرْسِلْنَ عُثْمَانَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ يَسْأَلْنَهُ مِيرَاثَهُنَّ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَتْ لَهُنَّ عَائِشَةُ أَوَلَيْسَ قَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَاهُ فَهُوَ صَدَقَةٌ
Narrated from Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), she says: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away, his pure wives wanted to send Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), so that they could demand their inheritance from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said to them: Do you not know that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said that we do not have heirs; whatever we leave behind is charity.
Hadith 11073
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنَّا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْتُ بَعْدَ مَئُونَةِ عَامِلِي وَنَفَقَةِ نِسَائِي صَدَقَةٌ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: We, the group of Prophets, have no heirs; whatever I leave after the expenses of my workers and wives, will be charity.
Hadith 11074
عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ كَانَتْ دِرْعُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَرْهُونَةً مَا وَجَدَ مَا يَفْتَكُّهَا حَتَّى مَاتَ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that a coat of mail belonging to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was mortgaged with someone, and until his passing, he did not have enough means to take it back.
Hadith 11075
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ يَبْلُغُ بِهِ وَقَالَ مَرَّةً قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَا تَقْتَسِمُ وَرَثَتِي دِينَارًا وَلَا دِرْهَمًا مَا تَرَكْتُ بَعْدَ نَفَقَةِ نِسَائِي وَمَئُونَةِ عَامِلِي فَهُوَ صَدَقَةٌ زَادَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ بَعْدَ قَوْلِهِ وَمَئُونَةِ عَامِلِي قَالَ يَعْنِي عَامِلَ أَرْضِهِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: My heirs will not distribute dinars and dirhams. Whatever I leave after providing for my wives’ maintenance and the expenses of the worker appointed over my agricultural land, will be charity.
Hadith 11076
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ وَالْعَبَّاسَ أَتَيَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ يَلْتَمِسَانِ مِيرَاثَهُمَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُمَا حِينَئِذٍ يَطْلُبَانِ أَرْضَهُ مِنْ فَدَكَ وَسَهْمَهُ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ فَقَالَ لَهُمَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ وَإِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي هَذَا الْمَالِ وَإِنِّي وَاللَّهِ لَا أَدَعُ أَمْرًا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَصْنَعُهُ فِيهِ إِلَّا صَنَعْتُهُ
It is narrated from Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) came to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and requested her inheritance from the land of Fadak and her share from Khaybar, which belonged to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said to her: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say, "We do not leave heirs; whatever we leave behind is charity." However, the family of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) will continue to eat from this wealth. By Allah! I will act in the same manner as I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) act.
Hadith 11077
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهَا أَخْبَرَتْهُ أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَرْسَلَتْ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ تَسْأَلُهُ مِيرَاثَهَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَفَدَكَ وَمَا بَقِيَ مِنْ خُمُسِ خَيْبَرَ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ فِي هَذَا الْمَالِ وَإِنِّي وَاللَّهِ لَا أُغَيِّرُ شَيْئًا مِنْ صَدَقَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ حَالِهَا الَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَيْهَا فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلَأَعْمَلَنَّ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَبَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ إِلَى فَاطِمَةَ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا فَوَجَدَتْ فَاطِمَةُ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ فِي ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَقَرَابَةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ أَصِلَ مِنْ قَرَابَتِي وَأَمَّا الَّذِي شَجَرَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمْ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَمْوَالِ فَإِنِّي لَمْ آلُ فِيهَا عَنِ الْحَقِّ وَلَمْ أَتْرُكْ أَمْرًا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَصْنَعُهُ فِيهَا إِلَّا صَنَعْتُهُ
It is narrated from Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that the daughter of the Messenger, Sayyida Fatima (may Allah be pleased with her), sent a message to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) requesting her share from the property of Fay’ of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) in Madinah Munawwarah, from Fadak, and from the remaining share of the Khaybar fifth. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said that, in worldly terms, no one is our heir; whatever we leave behind is charity. However, the family of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) may eat from it. By Allah! I will not make any change in the state and condition of this charity of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) as it was in the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and I will act in it just as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to act. And Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) refused to give anything to Sayyida Fatima (may Allah be pleased with her), due to which some displeasure and anger arose in the heart of Sayyida Fatima (may Allah be pleased with her) regarding Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). So Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: By Allah, in Whose hand is my soul! The maintaining of ties with the relatives of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) is more beloved to me than with my own relatives, but regarding this wealth, whatever grievance has arisen between you and me, the truth is that I have not deviated in the least from the right path in this matter, and I have not abandoned what I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) do in this regard; rather, I have done exactly the same.
Hadith 11078
(وَعَنْهَا مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ) قَالَتْ فَغَضِبَتْ فَاطِمَةُ عَلَيْهَا السَّلَامُ فَهَجَرَتْ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فَلَمْ تَزَلْ مُهَاجِرَتَهُ حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَتْ قَالَ وَعَاشَتْ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ قَالَ وَكَانَتْ فَاطِمَةُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا تَسْأَلُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ نَصِيبَهَا مِمَّا تَرَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ وَفَدَكَ وَصَدَقَتِهِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَأَبَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَلَيْهَا ذَلِكَ وَقَالَ لَسْتُ تَارِكًا شَيْئًا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَعْمَلُ بِهِ إِلَّا عَمِلْتُ بِهِ وَإِنِّي أَخْشَى إِنْ تَرَكْتُ شَيْئًا مِنْ أَمْرِهِ أَنْ أَزِيغَ فَأَمَّا صَدَقَتُهُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَدَفَعَهَا عُمَرُ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ فَغَلَبَهُ عَلَيْهَا عَلِيٌّ وَأَمَّا خَيْبَرُ وَفَدَكُ فَأَمْسَكَهُمَا عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَقَالَ هُمَا صَدَقَةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَتَا لِحُقُوقِهِ الَّتِي تَعْرُوهُ وَنَوَائِبِهِ وَأَمْرُهُمَا إِلَى مَنْ وَلِيَ الْأَمْرَ قَالَ فَهُمَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ
(Second chain of narration) The same hadith is narrated from Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) similar to the previous narration, but with the following details: Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) stated that Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) became upset and severed relations with Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), and this continued until her death. Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) lived for six months after the passing of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) used to demand her share from the properties of Khaybar, Fadak, and the portion present in Madinah. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) refused to give her a share and said: I will do as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to do, and I will not abandon any of his practices. I fear that if I leave anything from the way of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), I will go astray. The charity (i.e., property) of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) that was in Madinah Munawwarah, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) entrusted it to Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) and Sayyiduna Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him), and Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) prevailed over it. However, the portions of Khaybar and Fadak were kept under the control of Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and he said that these are charities from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him); they were for the needs and rights that would arise for him. Their management and control will remain with the ruler of the time, and this has continued in this manner until now.
Hadith 11079
عَنْ أَبِي الطُّفَيْلِ قَالَ لَمَّا قُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَرْسَلَتْ فَاطِمَةُ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ أَنْتَ وَرِثْتَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَمْ أَهْلُهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ لَا بَلْ أَهْلُهُ قَالَتْ فَأَيْنَ سَهْمُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ إِذَا أَطْعَمَ نَبِيًّا طَعْمَةً ثُمَّ قَبَضَهُ جَعَلَهُ لِلَّذِي يَقُومُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ فَرَأَيْتُ أَنْ أَرُدَّهُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَقَالَتْ فَأَنْتَ وَمَا سَمِعْتَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَعْلَمُ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Tufail (may Allah be pleased with him) that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away, Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) sent a message to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and asked: "Are you the heir of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), or are his family members his heirs?" Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) replied: "The heirs of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) are indeed his family members." Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) asked: "Where is the share of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) from the wealth of Fay'?" Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say that when Allah Almighty grants something to any of His Prophets and then the Prophet passes away, after that, only his successor is entitled to that thing. I have thought to return this share to the Muslims." Upon hearing this, Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: "You know better whether you heard this from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) or not."
Hadith 11080
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ رُفَيْعٍ قَالَ دَخَلْتُ أَنَا وَشَدَّادُ بْنُ مَعْقِلٍ عَلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ مَا تَرَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَّا مَا بَيْنَ هَذَيْنِ اللَّوْحَيْنِ وَدَخَلْنَا عَلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ فَقَالَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ وَكَانَ الْمُخْتَارُ يَقُولُ الْوَحْيُ
It is narrated from Abdul Aziz bin Rufa’i, he says: I and Shaddad bin Ma’qil both went to the service of Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him), he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has left nothing except what is between these two covers. (i.e., the Noble Qur’an) And we went to the service of Muhammad bin Ali, and he also said the same. Abdul Aziz said that Mukhtar bin Thaqafi used to claim that revelation was sent down to him.
