Fath al-Rabbani

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Harith bin Malik bin Barsaa (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said on the day of the conquest of Makkah: (From today until the Day of Resurrection) there will be no attack upon this Makkah.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr bin Aas (may Allah be pleased with him) that when Makkah Mukarramah was conquered at the hands of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), he said: "Hold back your weapons (i.e., do not kill anyone)." However, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not stop only the tribe of Khuza’ah from attacking the tribe of Banu Bakr, until he (peace and blessings be upon him) had performed the Asr prayer. After that, he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Now you too hold back your weapons." But it happened that the next day, a man from Banu Khura’ah encountered a man from Banu Bakr at Muzdalifah and killed him. When this news reached the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), he stood up to deliver a sermon. I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) at that time with his blessed back leaning against the Ka’bah. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The greatest enemy of Allah among the people in the sight of Allah is the one who kills someone in the Haram, or kills someone other than his own killer, or kills someone due to an enmity from the pre-Islamic era." A man stood up and came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "Such-and-such boy is my son (because I committed adultery with his mother before Islam)." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "In Islam, there is no room for attributing lineage to any other father or tribe. All matters of ignorance, i.e., before Islam, have ended. The child belongs to the one on whose bed he is born, and for the adulterer, there is the punishment of stoning." I asked: "What is the meaning of 'athlab'?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Stone." Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "For the blood money of the fingers, there are ten camels for each finger, and for such a wound that exposes the bone, there are five camels as compensation." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) further said: "No prayer can be performed after the Fajr prayer until sunrise, and after the Asr prayer until sunset. And it is not permissible to marry a woman whose paternal or maternal aunt is already in marriage (i.e., an aunt and her niece, or a maternal aunt and her niece, cannot be combined in one marriage). And it is not permissible for a woman to give anything from her husband's house to anyone as a gift without her husband's permission."

Sayyiduna Abu Shurayh Khuza’i Ka’bi (may Allah be pleased with him), who was among the companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), narrates that on the day of the conquest of Makkah, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) granted us special permission to fight against Banu Bakr, while he (peace and blessings be upon him) was still in Makkah. So, we killed their people and took our revenge well. After that, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade us from raising swords, meaning he ordered a complete cessation of fighting. However, the next day, some people from our tribe found a man from Banu Hudhayl within the boundaries of the Haram. He was coming to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) with the intention of accepting Islam. Previously, during the time of ignorance, he had committed a crime with those people. They were searching for him, so they killed him, and they acted hastily lest he reach the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbid them from killing him. When this news reached the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), he became extremely angry. By Allah! I have never seen him more angry than that. We went to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) and sought their intercession. We feared that due to our negligence and the displeasure of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), we might be destroyed. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) performed the prayer, he stood up and praised and glorified Allah as He deserves, and then said: Allah Almighty has made Makkah a sanctuary; people did not make it a sanctuary. Allah Almighty granted me permission to fight in this sanctuary for a short period yesterday. Now, from today, it is again a sanctuary, and fighting here is forbidden, just as Allah Almighty had previously declared it forbidden. And three types of people are the most rebellious and defiant to Allah Almighty: one who kills someone within the boundaries of the Haram, the second who kills anyone other than his own killer, and the third who takes revenge for a crime committed before Islam. By Allah! I will surely pay the blood money (diyah) for the man you have killed. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) paid his blood money.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) entered Makkah in the year of the conquest of Makkah, he stood among the people to deliver a sermon and said: O people! The agreements made before Islam, by which the parties would help each other, Islam further strengthens such agreements. However, now in Islam, there is no need for any new agreement that we are allies of each other and will continue to help each other. In another narration, it is stated: Do not make any such new agreement in Islam. In another narration, it is also mentioned that after the conquest of Makkah, migration from here is no longer permissible, and all Muslims are like one hand against the disbelievers, and the blood (i.e., sanctity) of all of them is equal. If even the lowest-ranking Muslim grants protection to an enemy, it will be considered as granted by all Muslims, and the spoils of war obtained in jihad will be distributed among the Muslims, even if they are very far away, and the prisoners of jihad will also be distributed among those who remained at home and could not practically participate in the battlefield. No believer can be killed in exchange for a disbeliever, the blood money for a disbeliever is half that of a Muslim, and if a Muslim government official goes to collect zakat, it is not permissible for him to stay in one place and tell the people to bring all their animals to him so that he may calculate and collect zakat from them, as this would cause hardship for the people. Nor is it permissible for the government official to go to the residences of the people to collect zakat so that they may avoid zakat by moving here and there. Zakat should be collected from the people at their homes or places of residence.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that on the day of the conquest of Makkah, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was present on the steps of the Ka'bah. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: All praise is due to Allah, Who fulfilled His promise, helped His servant, and He alone defeated all the armies of the disbelievers. Beware! Accidental killing, that is, which happens with a whip or a stick, its compensation is one hundred camels. On one occasion, he said that its blood money is severe; in it are forty pregnant she-camels. All the pride, blood claims, and demands and wealth of the age of ignorance are all under these two feet of mine. However, the responsibility of providing water to the pilgrims and the supervision of the House of Allah will remain as before.

Uqbah bin Aws narrates from a companion that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) delivered a sermon on the day of the conquest of Makkah and said: There is no deity except Allah, He is One and Unique, He helped His servant and He alone defeated the groups of disbelievers. The narrator of the hadith, Haysam, once narrated it as follows: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: All praise is due to Allah, Who fulfilled His promise and helped His servant. Beware! All matters of pride and arrogance from the era of ignorance, which were based on oppression and transgression, and every blood and every claim of that era are under my feet, meaning they have no value now, they are abolished. However, the custodianship of the House of Allah and the service of providing water to the pilgrims remain as before. Beware! In the case of accidental killing, that is, if someone dies due to a whip, stick, stone, etc., there is a severe blood money, that is, a total of one hundred camels, of which forty will be pregnant she-camels. And Haysam once narrated it as: Forty she-camels will be between Thaniyyah and Bazil, and all of them will be pregnant.

Hazrat Abu Shurayh (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that (he said to Amr bin Sa'id bin As, the governor of Madinah appointed by Yazid, while Amr bin Sa'id was sending an army towards Makkah to fight against Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Zubair, may Allah be pleased with him,) the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said something on the second day of the conquest of Makkah. My ears heard it, my heart remembered it, and my eyes saw the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, saying it. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, praised and glorified Allah, and then said: Surely, it was not the people who made Makkah sacred, but Allah Almighty made it sacred. Now, it is not lawful for anyone who believes in Allah and the Last Day to shed blood here or to cut down its trees. If anyone seeks a concession for himself by using the fighting of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, as a proof, then tell him that Allah Almighty permitted His Messenger to fight in Makkah, but He did not permit you, and I too was only given permission for a part of the day. After that, its sanctity returned to what it was yesterday. Those who are present should convey these commands to those who are absent. Abu Shurayh was asked, "What did Amr bin Sa'id reply to you?" He said that Amr replied, "Abu Shurayh! I know these matters better than you. Surely, the Haram does not grant refuge to a disobedient person, nor to one who has killed and fled, nor to those who flee to avoid paying jizyah, nor to those who do not pay jizyah."