الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
أهم أحداث السنة الرابعة للهجرةMost Important Events of the Fourth Year of Hijrah
بَاب مَا جَاءَ فِي سَرِيةِ بِثْرِ مَعُونَةً وَهِيَ الَّتِي قُتِلَ فِيهَا الْقُرَّاء رضي الله عنهم
Chapter: What has been reported regarding the expedition of Bi'r Ma'una, in which the Qurra (reciters) were killed, may Allah be pleased with them
Hadith 10744
عَنْ أَنَسٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمَّا بَعَثَ حَرَامًا خَالَهُ أَخَا أُمِّ سُلَيْمٍ فِي سَبْعِينَ رَجُلًا فَقُتِلُوا يَوْمَ بِئْرِ مَعُونَةَ وَكَانَ رَئِيسُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ يَوْمَئِذٍ عَامِرَ بْنَ الطُّفَيْلِ وَكَانَ هُوَ أَتَى النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ اخْتَرْ مِنِّي ثَلَاثَ خِصَالٍ يَكُونُ لَكَ أَهْلُ السَّهْلِ وَيَكُونُ لِي أَهْلُ الْوَبَرِ أَوْ أَكُونُ خَلِيفَةً مِنْ بَعْدِكَ أَوْ أَغْزُوكَ بِغَطَفَانَ أَلْفِ أَشْقَرَ وَأَلْفِ شَقْرَاءَ قَالَ فَطُعِنَ فِي بَيْتِ امْرَأَةٍ مِنْ بَنِي فُلَانٍ فَقَالَ غُدَّةٌ كَغُدَّةِ الْبَعِيرِ فِي بَيْتِ امْرَأَةٍ مِنْ بَنِي فُلَانٍ ائْتُونِي بِفَرَسِي فَأُتِيَ بِهِ فَرَكِبَهُ فَمَاتَ وَهُوَ عَلَى ظَهْرِهِ فَانْطَلَقَ حَرَامٌ أَخُو أُمِّ سُلَيْمٍ وَرَجُلَانِ مَعَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ وَرَجُلٌ أَعْرَجُ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ كُونُوا قَرِيبًا مِنِّي حَتَّى آتِيَهُمْ فَإِنْ آمَنُونِي وَإِلَّا كُنْتُمْ قَرِيبًا فَإِنْ قَتَلُونِي أَعْلَمْتُمْ أَصْحَابَكُمْ قَالَ فَأَتَاهُمْ حَرَامٌ فَقَالَ أَتُؤْمِنُونِي أُبَلِّغْكُمْ رِسَالَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَيْكُمْ قَالُوا نَعَمْ فَجَعَلَ يُحَدِّثُهُمْ وَأَوْمَأُوا إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ خَلْفِهِ فَطَعَنَهُ حَتَّى أَنْفَذَهُ بِالرُّمْحِ قَالَ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ فُزْتُ وَرَبِّ الْكَعْبَةِ قَالَ ثُمَّ قَتَلُوهُمْ كُلَّهُمْ غَيْرَ الْأَعْرَجِ كَانَ فِي رَأْسِ جَبَلٍ قَالَ أَنَسٌ فَأُنْزِلَ عَلَيْنَا وَكَانَ مِمَّا يُقْرَأُ فَنُسِخَ أَنْ بَلِّغُوا قَوْمَنَا أَنَّا لَقِينَا رَبَّنَا فَرَضِيَ عَنَّا وَأَرْضَانَا قَالَ فَدَعَا النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَرْبَعِينَ صَبَاحًا عَلَى رِعْلٍ وَذَكْوَانَ وَبَنِي لِحْيَانَ وَعُصَيَّةَ الَّذِينَ عَصَوُا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) sent the brother of Sayyida Umm Sulaym (may Allah be pleased with her), my maternal uncle Haram, with a group of seventy men, and these people were killed on the day of Bi’r Ma‘unah. In those days, the leader of the polytheists was ‘Amir bin Tufayl bin Malik al-‘Amiri. He came to the service of the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) and made an offer that you accept one of three things from me: (1) The rural areas be yours and the urban areas be mine, or (2) After you, the caliphate be given to me, or (3) I will join the Banu Ghatafan and fight you with a thousand camels and a thousand she-camels. (On this occasion, you prayed: O Allah, help me against ‘Amir.) So, he was in a household of Banu Sulayl when he was afflicted with plague. He said: This is just like the swelling of camels in the house of such-and-such woman of Banu so-and-so. Bring my horse to me. His horse was brought to him, he mounted it, and he died right on its back.
The brother of Sayyida Umm Sulaym (may Allah be pleased with her), Sayyiduna Haram (may Allah be pleased with him), along with two men—one of whom was from Banu Umayyah and the other was lame (a‘raj)—set out together. He said to the two of them: Stay close to me until I reach them. If they do not do anything to me, that is better, but if something else happens, you will be near me, and if they kill me, at least you will be able to inform your companions behind. So, Haram (may Allah be pleased with him) approached them and said: Will you allow me to convey the message of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) to you? They said: Yes. He began to speak to them, and they signaled to one of their men from behind him, who struck him with a spear that passed through his body. Sayyiduna Haram (may Allah be pleased with him) at that moment said: Allahu Akbar! By the Lord of the Ka‘bah, I have succeeded! Then they killed the other two except for the lame one, who was on the top of the mountain, so he was saved.
Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) says: In connection with this incident, this verse was revealed to us, and it used to be recited regularly, but it was later abrogated: بَلِّغُوا قَوْمَنَا أَنَّا لَقِینَا رَبَّنَا فَرَضِیَ عَنَّا وَأَرْضَانَا. (Convey to our people that we have met our Lord, and He is pleased with us and has made us pleased.) The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) invoked curses for forty days upon Ri‘l, Dhakwan, Banu Lihyan, and Banu ‘Usayyah, who had disobeyed Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him and his family).
The brother of Sayyida Umm Sulaym (may Allah be pleased with her), Sayyiduna Haram (may Allah be pleased with him), along with two men—one of whom was from Banu Umayyah and the other was lame (a‘raj)—set out together. He said to the two of them: Stay close to me until I reach them. If they do not do anything to me, that is better, but if something else happens, you will be near me, and if they kill me, at least you will be able to inform your companions behind. So, Haram (may Allah be pleased with him) approached them and said: Will you allow me to convey the message of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) to you? They said: Yes. He began to speak to them, and they signaled to one of their men from behind him, who struck him with a spear that passed through his body. Sayyiduna Haram (may Allah be pleased with him) at that moment said: Allahu Akbar! By the Lord of the Ka‘bah, I have succeeded! Then they killed the other two except for the lame one, who was on the top of the mountain, so he was saved.
Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) says: In connection with this incident, this verse was revealed to us, and it used to be recited regularly, but it was later abrogated: بَلِّغُوا قَوْمَنَا أَنَّا لَقِینَا رَبَّنَا فَرَضِیَ عَنَّا وَأَرْضَانَا. (Convey to our people that we have met our Lord, and He is pleased with us and has made us pleased.) The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) invoked curses for forty days upon Ri‘l, Dhakwan, Banu Lihyan, and Banu ‘Usayyah, who had disobeyed Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him and his family).
Hadith 10745
عَنْ ثَابِتٍ قَالَ كُنَّا عِنْدَ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ فَكَتَبَ كِتَابًا بَيْنَ أَهْلِهِ فَقَالَ اشْهَدُوا يَا مَعْشَرَ الْقُرَّاءِ قَالَ ثَابِتٌ فَكَأَنِّي كَرِهْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقُلْتُ يَا أَبَا حَمْزَةَ لَوْ سَمَّيْتَهُمْ بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ قَالَ وَمَا بَأْسُ ذَلِكَ أَنْ أَقُولَ لَكُمْ قُرَّاءُ أَفَلَا أُحَدِّثُكُمْ عَنْ إِخْوَانِكُمْ الَّذِينَ كُنَّا نُسَمِّيهِمْ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْقُرَّاءَ فَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا سَبْعِينَ فَكَانُوا إِذَا جَنَّهُمُ اللَّيْلُ انْطَلَقُوا إِلَى مُعَلِّمٍ لَهُمْ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَيَدْرُسُونَ اللَّيْلَ حَتَّى يُصْبِحُوا فَإِذَا أَصْبَحُوا فَمَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ قُوَّةٌ اسْتَعْذَبَ مِنَ الْمَاءِ وَأَصَابَ مِنَ الْحَطَبِ وَمَنْ كَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ سَعَةٌ اجْتَمَعُوا فَاشْتَرَوُا الشَّاةَ وَأَصْلَحُوهَا فَيُصْبِحُ ذَلِكَ مُعَلَّقًا بِحُجَرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَلَمَّا أُصِيبَ خُبَيْبٌ بَعَثَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَتَوْا عَلَى حَيٍّ مِنْ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ وَفِيهِمْ خَالِي حَرَامٌ فَقَالَ حَرَامٌ لِأَمِيرِهِمْ دَعْنِي فَلْأُخْبِرْ هَؤُلَاءِ أَنَّا لَسْنَا إِيَّاهُمْ نُرِيدُ حَتَّى يُخْلُوا وَجْهَنَا وَقَالَ عَفَّانُ فَيُخْلُونَ وَجْهَنَا فَقَالَ لَهُمْ حَرَامٌ إِنَّا لَسْنَا إِيَّاكُمْ نُرِيدُ فَخَلُّوا وَجْهَنَا فَاسْتَقْبَلَهُ رَجُلٌ بِالرُّمْحِ فَأَنْفَذَهُ مِنْهُ فَلَمَّا وَجَدَ الرُّمْحَ فِي جَوْفِهِ قَالَ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ فُزْتُ وَرَبِّ الْكَعْبَةِ قَالَ فَانْطَوَوْا عَلَيْهِمْ فَمَا بَقِيَ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ فَقَالَ أَنَسٌ فَمَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَجَدَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ قَطُّ وَجْدَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ فَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي صَلَاةِ الْغَدَاةِ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ فَدَعَا عَلَيْهِمْ فَلَمَّا كَانَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ إِذَا أَبُو طَلْحَةَ يَقُولُ لِي هَلْ لَكَ فِي قَاتِلِ حَرَامٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ مَا لَهُ فَعَلَ اللَّهُ بِهِ وَفَعَلَ قَالَ مَهْلًا فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ أَسْلَمَ وَقَالَ عَفَّانُ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ يَدْعُو عَلَيْهِمْ وَقَالَ أَبُو النَّضْرِ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ
It is narrated from Thabit, who says: We were in the service of Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him). He sat among his family and wrote a letter, and said: O group of reciters! Come forth. Thabit says: I did not like this word much, so I said: O Abu Hamzah! It would have been better if you had called these people by their names. Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: There is no harm in my calling you reciters. Shall I not tell you about those brothers of yours whom we used to call reciters in the time of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him)? Then he narrated that they were seventy individuals. Their condition was such that when night fell, they would go to their teacher in Madinah and spend the whole night until morning learning the Qur’an. And when morning came, whoever was able would bring sweet water (and sell it), and someone would bring firewood and sell it, and whoever was able, they would together buy a goat, prepare it well, slaughter it, and hang it near the chambers of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). When Sayyiduna Khubaib (may Allah be pleased with him) was martyred, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent these reciters on an expedition. They went to a tribe of Banu Sulaym, and with them was my maternal uncle, Sayyiduna Haram bin Milhan (may Allah be pleased with him). Sayyiduna Haram (may Allah be pleased with him) requested his leader to allow him to go and inform those people that we have not come to fight them, so that they would not block our way. So Sayyiduna Haram (may Allah be pleased with him) went and said to them: We have not come to fight you, so do not block our way. A man came forward with a spear and struck Sayyiduna Haram (may Allah be pleased with him) with it, and the spear passed through his body. When he felt the blow of the spear on his stomach, he cried out loudly: Allahu Akbar! By the Lord of the Ka’bah, I have succeeded! Then those people turned towards the rest of the caravan and not one of them was left alive. Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I never saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) as grieved on any occasion as he was by this incident. I saw that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would raise his hands in the Fajr prayer and supplicate against those oppressors. Sayyiduna Abu Talhah Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) used to say to me: Shall I tell you about the killer of your uncle, Sayyiduna Haram (may Allah be pleased with him)? I said: Allah has done with him what He willed. He said: He has accepted Islam. In the narration of ‘Affan, it is mentioned that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) raised both his hands and supplicated against them. And Abu al-Nadr said that he raised both his hands.
