الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب سيرة أول النبيين وخاتم المرسلين نبينا محمد بن عبد الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلمBook of the Biography of the First of the Prophets and the Last of the Messengers, Our Prophet Muhammad ibn Abdullah, Peace and Blessings Be Upon Him and His Family
بَابُ هِجْرَةِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَاخْتِيَارِهِ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رضي الله عنه لِيَكُونَ رَفِيقَهُ فِي الْهَجْرَةِ وَتَجْهَيْزِ هِمَا لِذلِكَ وَخُرُوجِهِمَا مِنْ مَكَّةَ إِلَى أَنْ دَخَلَا غَارَ ثَوْرٍ
Chapter: The migration of the Prophet ﷺ and his choosing Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, as his companion in migration, their preparation, and their departure from Mecca until they entered the cave of Thawr
Hadith 10613
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ وَأَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ لَمْ أَعْقِلْ أَبَوَيَّ قَطُّ إِلَّا وَهُمَا يَدِينَانِ الدِّينَ وَلَمْ يَمُرَّ عَلَيْنَا يَوْمٌ إِلَّا يَأْتِينَا فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهَارِ بُكْرَةً وَعَشِيَّةً فَلَمَّا ابْتُلِيَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ خَرَجَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ مُهَاجِرًا قِبَلَ أَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغَ بَرْكَ الْغِمَادِ لَقِيَهُ ابْنُ الدَّغِنَةِ وَهُوَ سَيِّدُ الْقَارَةِ فَقَالَ ابْنُ الدَّغِنَةِ أَيْنَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَخْرَجَنِي قَوْمِي فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ قَدْ رَأَيْتُ دَارَ هِجْرَتِكُمْ رَأَيْتُ سَبْخَةً ذَاتَ نَخْلٍ بَيْنَ لَابَتَيْنِ وَهُمَا حَرَّتَانِ فَخَرَجَ مَنْ كَانَ مُهَاجِرًا قِبَلَ الْمَدِينَةِ حِينَ ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَرَجَعَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ بَعْضُ مَنْ كَانَ هَاجَرَ إِلَى اللَّهِ أَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَتَجَهَّزَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُهَاجِرًا فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى رِسْلِكَ فَإِنِّي أَرْجُو أَنْ يُؤْذَنَ لِي فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَتَرْجُو ذَلِكَ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّي قَالَ نَعَمْ فَحَبَسَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ نَفْسَهُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِصُحْبَةٍ وَعَلَفَ رَاحِلَتَيْنِ كَانَتَا عِنْدَهُ مِنْ وَرَقِ السَّمَرِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ قَالَ عُرْوَةُ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ فَبَيْنَا نَحْنُ يَوْمًا جُلُوسًا فِي بَيْتِنَا فِي نَحْرِ الظَّهِيرَةِ قَالَ قَائِلٌ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ هَذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُقْبِلًا مُتَقَنِّعًا فِي سَاعَةٍ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَأْتِينَا فِيهَا فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فِدَاءٌ لَهُ أَبِي وَأُمِّي إِنْ جَاءَ بِهِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّاعَةِ إِلَّا أَمْرٌ فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَاسْتَأْذَنَ فَأُذِنَ لَهُ فَدَخَلَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ دَخَلَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ أَخْرِجْ مَنْ عِنْدَكَ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِنَّمَا هُمْ أَهْلُكَ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّي يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ أُذِنَ لِي فِي الْخُرُوجِ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَالصَّحَابَةَ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَعَمْ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَخُذْ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِحْدَى رَاحِلَتَيَّ هَاتَيْنِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالثَّمَنِ قَالَتْ فَجَهَّزْنَاهُمَا أَحَبَّ الْجِهَازِ وَصَنَعْنَا لَهُمَا سُفْرَةً فِي جِرَابٍ فَقَطَعَتْ أَسْمَاءُ بِنْتُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا مِنْ نِطَاقِهَا فَأَوْكَتِ الْجِرَابَ فَلِذَلِكَ كَانَتْ تُسَمَّى ذَاتَ النِّطَاقَيْنِ ثُمَّ لَحِقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ بِغَارٍ فِي جَبَلٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ ثَوْرٌ فَمَكَثَا فِيهِ ثَلَاثَ لَيَالٍ
Narrated from Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), she says: Since I gained consciousness, I found my parents following the religion of Islam. Not a day would pass except that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would come to us morning and evening. When, due to Islam, calamities befell the Muslims, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) set out to migrate to Abyssinia. When he reached the place of Bark al-Ghamad (located five days’ journey from Mecca), he met Ibn Daghinnah, who was the chief of the Qarah tribe. Ibn Daghinnah said: Abu Bakr! Where are you going? He replied: My people have expelled me... (the rest of the hadith is mentioned). Meanwhile, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to the Muslims: Your place of migration has been shown to me. I see it as a land of date palms, situated between two rocky tracts. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said this, those who intended to migrate to Madinah set out, and those who had migrated to the land of Abyssinia for the sake of Allah returned to Madinah, and Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) also began preparations for migration. But the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: Wait a little, I hope I will also be granted permission. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: May my parents be sacrificed for you, do you also hope for this? The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Yes. So Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) held himself back in order to attain the honor of the company of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and for four months he fed his two camels the leaves of the acacia tree. Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) says: One day, we were sitting in our house at the beginning of the decline (of the sun), when someone said to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him): Here comes the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), his head covered, and he is coming at a time when he usually does not come. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: May my parents be sacrificed for you, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) must be coming for some special matter at this time. Meanwhile, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) arrived and sought permission to enter. He was granted permission and entered the house. Upon entering, he said to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him): Send out those who are with you. He said: O Messenger! May my parents be sacrificed for you, they are your family (one is your wife Aisha and the other is your sister-in-law Asma). The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I have been granted permission to migrate. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah! May my parents be sacrificed for you, I also intend to accompany you. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Yes. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: May my parents be sacrificed for you, take one of these two camels. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I will take it for its price. Sayyida (Aisha) says: We prepared those two camels in a very beautiful manner, placed provisions in a leather bag, then Sayyida Asma bint Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with her) tore a piece from her belt and tied the bag with it. For this reason, she is called Dhat al-Nitaqayn (the possessor of two belts). Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) reached a cave in the mountain of Thawr and stayed there for three days.
Hadith 10614
عَنْ أَنَسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ حَدَّثَهُ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ فِي الْغَارِ وَقَالَ مَرَّةً وَنَحْنُ فِي الْغَارِ لَوْ أَنَّ أَحَدَهُمْ نَظَرَ إِلَى قَدَمَيْهِ لَأَبْصَرَنَا تَحْتَ قَدَمَيْهِ قَالَ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ مَا ظَنُّكَ بِاثْنَيْنِ اللَّهُ ثَالِثُهُمَا
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I said to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), while we were in the cave, "If any one of them looks down towards his feet, he will see us beneath his feet." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Abu Bakr! What do you think about those two persons whose third is Allah, the Exalted?"
Hadith 10615
عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبَّادِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ أَنَّ أَبَاهُ حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ جَدَّتِهِ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ لَمَّا خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَخَرَجَ مَعَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ احْتَمَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مَالَهُ كُلَّهُ مَعَهُ خَمْسَةَ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ أَوْ سِتَّةَ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ قَالَتْ وَانْطَلَقَ بِهَا مَعَهُ قَالَتْ فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْنَا جَدِّي أَبُو قُحَافَةَ وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ بَصَرُهُ فَقَالَ وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأَرَاهُ قَدْ فَجَعَكُمْ بِمَالِهِ مَعَ نَفْسِهِ قَالَتْ قُلْتُ كَلَّا يَا أَبَتِ إِنَّهُ قَدْ تَرَكَ لَنَا خَيْرًا كَثِيرًا قَالَتْ فَأَخَذْتُ أَحْجَارًا فَتَرَكْتُهَا فَوَضَعْتُهَا فِي كَوَّةٍ بِبَيْتٍ كَانَ أَبِي يَضَعُ فِيهَا مَالَهُ ثُمَّ وَضَعْتُ عَلَيْهَا ثَوْبًا ثُمَّ أَخَذْتُ بِيَدِهِ فَقُلْتُ يَا أَبَتِ ضَعْ يَدَكَ عَلَى هَذَا الْمَالِ قَالَتْ فَوَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ إِنْ كَانَ قَدْ تَرَكَ لَكُمْ هَذَا فَقَدْ أَحْسَنَ وَفِي هَذَا لَكُمْ بَلَاغٌ قَالَتْ لَا وَاللَّهِ مَا تَرَكَ لَنَا شَيْئًا وَلَكِنِّي قَدْ أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أُسْكِنَ الشَّيْخَ بِذَلِكَ
It is narrated from Sayyida Asma bint Bakr (may Allah be pleased with her) that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and with him our master Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) set out, our master Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) took all his wealth with him; it was five or six thousand dirhams. He took all his wealth with him. Meanwhile, when our grandfather Abu Quhafa came to us—he had become blind—he said: "By Allah! I think this man has caused you hardship with his wealth and life." I said: "Not at all, O dear father! He has left a lot of wealth for us." Then I picked up some stones and placed them in the window of the house where my father used to keep his wealth. Then I covered them with a cloth and took my grandfather's hand and said: "Dear father! Place your hand on this wealth." So he placed his hand on it and said: "Well, there is no harm. If he has left so much wealth, then he has done very well; this will suffice for your livelihood." Sayyida Asma (may Allah be pleased with her) says: "No, by Allah! Our master Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) had not left anything for us. My intention in this action was only to reassure the old man."
