الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
مسائل البر وصلة الرحمIssues of Righteousness and Maintaining Family Ties
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي تَعْرِيفِ الْبِرِّ وَالْإِثْمِ
Chapter on what has been narrated regarding the definition of righteousness and sin
Hadith 8985
عَنْ وَابِصَةَ يَعْنِي ابْنَ مَعْبَدٍ الْأَسَدِيَّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَنَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ لَا أَدَعَ شَيْئًا مِنَ الْبِرِّ وَالْإِثْمِ إِلَّا سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْهُ وَحَوْلَهُ عِصَابَةٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَسْتَفْتُونَهُ فَجَعَلْتُ أَتَخَطَّاهُمْ فَقَالُوا إِلَيْكَ يَا وَابِصَةُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ فَقُلْتُ دَعُونِي فَأَدْنُوَ مِنْهُ فَإِنَّهُ أَحَبُّ النَّاسِ إِلَيَّ أَنْ أَدْنُوَ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ دَعُوا وَابِصَةَ ادْنُ يَا وَابِصَةُ مَرَّتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثًا قَالَ فَدَنَوْتُ مِنْهُ حَتَّى قَعَدْتُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ فَقَالَ يَا وَابِصَةُ أُخْبِرُكَ أَوْ تَسْأَلُنِي قُلْتُ لَا بَلْ أَخْبِرْنِي فَقَالَ جِئْتَ تَسْأَلُنِي عَنِ الْبِرِّ وَالْإِثْمِ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ فَجَمَعَ أَنَامِلَهُ فَجَعَلَ يَنْكُتُ بِهِنَّ فِي صَدْرِي وَيَقُولُ يَا وَابِصَةُ اسْتَفْتِ قَلْبَكَ وَاسْتَفْتِ نَفْسَكَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ الْبِرُّ مَا اطْمَأَنَّتْ إِلَيْهِ النَّفْسُ وَالْإِثْمُ مَا حَاكَ فِي النَّفْسِ وَتَرَدَّدَ فِي الصَّدْرِ وَإِنْ أَفْتَاكَ النَّاسُ وَأَفْتَوْكَ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Wabisah bin Ma’bad al-Asadi (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: I came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), intending to ask him about every aspect of virtue and sin. A group of Muslims was sitting with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and they were asking various questions. As I began to move forward, stepping over their necks, they said to me: Wabisah! Stay away from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). But I said: Leave me, I want to get closer to him, because he (peace and blessings be upon him) is the most beloved of all people to me. At that moment, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Leave Wabisah, Wabisah! Come closer to me. He said this two or three times. So I came close to him and sat down in front of him. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Wabisah! Shall I tell you something myself or will you ask? I said: No, you tell me yourself. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: You have come to ask about virtue and sin. I said: Yes. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) joined his fingers together and placed them on my chest and said: Wabisah! Ask your heart, ask your heart, he said this three times. Virtue is that which the soul feels at ease with, and sin is that which causes hesitation in the soul and creates doubt in the chest, even if people keep giving you fatwas upon fatwas.
Hadith 8986
(وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ) قَالَ جِئْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الْبِرِّ وَالْإِثْمِ فَقَالَ جِئْتَ تَسْأَلُ عَنِ الْبِرِّ وَالْإِثْمِ فَقُلْتُ وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ مَا جِئْتُ أَسْأَلُكَ عَنْ غَيْرِهِ فَقَالَ الْبِرُّ مَا انْشَرَحَ لَهُ صَدْرُكَ وَالْإِثْمُ مَا حَاكَ فِي صَدْرِكَ وَإِنْ أَفْتَاكَ عَنْهُ النَّاسُ
(Second chain) He says: I came to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, to ask about virtue and sin. He, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Have you come to ask about virtue and sin? I said: By the One Who sent you with the truth, I have not come to ask about anything else. He, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Virtue is that which brings expansion to your heart, and sin is that which causes uneasiness in your chest, even if people keep giving you legal opinions.
Hadith 8987
عَنْ أَبِي ثَعْلَبَةَ الْخُشَنِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَخْبِرْنِي بِمَا يَحِلُّ لِي وَيُحَرَّمُ عَلَيَّ قَالَ فَصَعَّدَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَصَوَّبَ فِي النَّظَرِ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْبِرُّ مَا سَكَنَتْ إِلَيْهِ النَّفْسُ وَاطْمَأَنَّ إِلَيْهِ الْقَلْبُ وَالْإِثْمُ مَا لَمْ تَسْكُنْ إِلَيْهِ النَّفْسُ وَلَمْ يَطْمَئِنَّ إِلَيْهِ الْقَلْبُ وَإِنْ أَفْتَاكَ الْمُفْتُونَ وَقَالَ لَا تَقْرَبْ لَحْمَ الْحِمَارِ الْأَهْلِيِّ وَلَا ذَا نَابٍ مِنَ السِّبَاعِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Tha’labah Khushani, may Allah be pleased with him, who says: I said, O Messenger of Allah! Tell me about those things which are lawful for me and those which are unlawful for me. The Noble Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, raised his gaze towards the sky and then lowered it, and said: Goodness is that which brings satisfaction to the soul and peace to the heart, and evil is that which neither brings comfort to the soul nor peace to the heart, even if those who give legal opinions continue to give their opinions. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, further said: Do not go near the meat of domestic donkeys and predatory animals with fangs.
Hadith 8988
عَنِ النَّوَّاسِ بْنِ سَمْعَانَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِنَّهُ سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنِ الْبِرِّ وَالْإِثْمِ فَقَالَ الْبِرُّ حُسْنُ الْخُلُقِ وَالْإِثْمُ مَا حَاكَ فِي صَدْرِكَ وَكَرِهْتَ أَنْ يَطَّلِعَ النَّاسُ عَلَيْهِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Nawwas bin Sam'an (may Allah be pleased with him) that he asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) about virtue and sin, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) replied to him: Virtue is good character, and sin is that which pricks your heart and you dislike that people become aware of it.
