الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
تفسير من سورة إبراهيم إلى سورة الشعراءInterpretation from Surah Ibrahim to Surah Ash-Shu'ara
بَابُ: «وَالَّذِينَ لَا يَدْعُونَ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَهَا آخَر»
Chapter: "And those who do not invoke with Allah another deity"
Hadith 8688
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا فِي حَدِيثِ الْإِفْكِ قَالَتْ وَاللَّهِ مَا كُنْتُ أَظُنُّ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ فِي شَأْنِي وَحْيٌ يُتْلَى وَلَشَأْنِي كَانَ أَحْقَرَ فِي نَفْسِي مِنْ أَنْ يَتَكَلَّمَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِيَّ بِأَمْرٍ يُتْلَى وَلَكِنْ كُنْتُ أَرْجُو أَنْ يَرَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي النَّوْمِ رُؤْيَا يُبَرِّئُنِي اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بِهَا قَالَتْ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا رَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ مَجْلِسِهِ وَلَا خَرَجَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَيْتِ أَحَدٌ حَتَّى أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ وَأَخَذَهُ مَا كَانَ يَأْخُذُهُ مِنْ الْبُرَحَاءِ عِنْدَ الْوَحْيِ حَتَّى إِنَّهُ لَيَتَحَدَّرُ مِنْهُ مِثْلُ الْجُمَانِ مِنْ الْعَرَقِ فِي الْيَوْمِ الشَّاتِي مِنْ ثِقَلِ الْقَوْلِ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَتْ فَلَمَّا سُرِّيَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ يَضْحَكُ فَكَانَ أَوَّلُ كَلِمَةٍ تَكَلَّمَ بِهَا أَنْ قَالَ أَبْشِرِي يَا عَائِشَةُ أَمَّا اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَقَدْ بَرَّأَكِ فَقَالَتْ لِي أُمِّي قُومِي إِلَيْهِ فَقُلْتُ وَاللَّهِ لَا أَقُومُ إِلَيْهِ وَلَا أَحْمَدُ إِلَّا اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ هُوَ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ بَرَاءَتِي فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ جَاءُوا بِالْإِفْكِ عُصْبَةٌ مِنْكُمْ} [النور: 11] عَشْرَ آيَاتٍ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَاتِ بَرَاءَتِي قَالَتْ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَكَانَ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى مِسْطَحٍ لِقَرَابَتِهِ مِنْهُ وَفَقْرِهِ وَاللَّهِ لَا أُنْفِقُ عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا أَبَدًا بَعْدَ الَّذِي قَالَ لِعَائِشَةَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {وَلَا يَأْتَلِ أُولُو الْفَضْلِ مِنْكُمْ وَالسَّعَةِ} إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {أَلَا تُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ} [النور: 22] فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لِي فَرَجَعَ إِلَى مِسْطَحٍ النَّفَقَةَ الَّتِي كَانَ يُنْفِقُ عَلَيْهِ وَقَالَ لَا أَنْزِعُهَا مِنْهُ أَبَدًا قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَأَلَ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتَ جَحْشٍ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ أَمْرِي وَمَا عَلِمْتِ أَوْ مَا رَأَيْتِ أَوْ مَا بَلَغَكِ قَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَحْمِي سَمْعِي وَبَصَرِي وَأَنَا مَا عَلِمْتُ إِلَّا خَيْرًا قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ وَهِيَ الَّتِي كَانَتْ تُسَامِينِي مِنْ أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَعَصَمَهَا اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بِالْوَرَعِ وَطَفِقَتْ أُخْتُهَا حَمْنَةُ بِنْتُ جَحْشٍ تُحَارِبُ لَهَا فَهَلَكَتْ فِيمَنْ هَلَكَ قَالَ قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ فَهَذَا مَا انْتَهَى إِلَيْنَا مِنْ أَمْرِ هَؤُلَاءِ الرَّهْطِ
Narrated from Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), while relating the incident of Ifk (the slander), she says: By Allah! It never occurred to me that revelation would be sent down concerning me. I considered myself too insignificant for Allah, the Exalted, to speak about me, and that His words would be recited. Yes, I did hope that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would see a dream about me, through which Allah would declare my innocence. By Allah! The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had not yet moved from his place, nor had any of the household gone outside, when Allah, the Exalted, sent down revelation upon His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Due to the heaviness of the revelation, sweat began to pour from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and even on a cold day, drops of sweat like pearls would fall from his forehead at the time of revelation, due to the weight of what was being revealed to him. When the state of revelation ended for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), he was smiling. The first thing he said after the revelation was: “O Aisha! Rejoice, for Allah has declared your innocence.” Upon hearing this, my mother said: “Aisha! Stand up and thank the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).” But I said: “I will not stand up to thank him; rather, I will praise my Allah, Who has sent down my innocence.” Then Allah, the Exalted, revealed this: {إِنَّ الَّذِینَ جَاءُوْا بِالْإِفْکِ عُصْبَۃٌ مِنْکُمْ} [النور: ۱۱] These were a total of ten verses. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) used to spend on Mistah because he was poor and also a relative. Mistah too had spoken about the slander concerning Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), so Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “By Allah! I will never spend on him again, for he has gone this far.” But Allah, the Exalted, revealed this verse: {وَلَا یَاْتَلِ اُولُوا الْفَضْلِ مِنْکُمْ وَالسَّعَۃِ اَنْ یُّؤْتُوْٓا اُولِی الْقُرْبٰی وَالْمَسٰکِیْنَ وَالْمُہٰجِرِیْنَ فِیْ سَبِیْلِ اللّٰہِ وَلْیَعْفُوْا وَلْیَصْفَحُوْا اَلَا تُحِبُّوْنَ اَنْ یَّغْفِرَ اللّٰہُ لَکُمْ وَاللّٰہُ غَفُوْرٌ رَّحِیْمٌ۔} … “And let not those among you who possess virtue and wealth swear not to give to their relatives, the needy, and those who have emigrated in the way of Allah. And let them pardon and overlook. Do you not love that Allah should forgive you? And Allah is Most Forgiving, Most Merciful.” Upon hearing this verse, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “By Allah! I love that Allah should forgive me.” So he resumed the expenditure he used to give to Mistah and said, “Now I will never stop it.” Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) says: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) asked Sayyida Zainab bint Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with her) about my matter, “What do you know about this? Or what do you think? Or what has reached you?” She said: “O Messenger of Allah! I wish to protect my ears and eyes from this! By Allah, as far as I know, there is only good in Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her).” Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) says: It was Sayyida Zainab (may Allah be pleased with her) alone among the Mothers of the Believers who used to compete with me, but Allah, the Exalted, protected her through piety from falling into this matter. And her sister, Sayyida Hamna bint Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with her), out of partisanship for her sister, became involved and was among those who were ruined. Ibn Shihab says: This is all we know about this group.
Hadith 8689
عَنْ عُرْوَةَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا أَيْضًا قَالَ لَمْ يُسَمَّ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْإِفْكِ إِلَّا حَسَّانُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ وَمِسْطَحُ بْنُ أُثَاثَةَ وَحَمْنَةُ بِنْتُ جَحْشٍ فِي نَاسٍ آخَرِينَ لَا عِلْمَ لِي بِهِمْ إِلَّا أَنَّهُمْ عُصْبَةٌ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَإِنَّ كِبْرَ ذَلِكَ كَانَ يُقَالُ عِنْدَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيِّ بْنِ سَلُولَ قَالَ عُرْوَةُ وَكَانَتْ عَائِشَةُ تَكْرَهُ أَنْ يُسَبَّ عِنْدَهَا حَسَّانُ وَتَقُولُ إِنَّهُ الَّذِي قَالَ فَإِنَّ أَبِي وَوَالِدَهُ وَعِرْضِي لِعِرْضِ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنْكُمْ وِقَاءٌ
It is narrated from Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that among those who spread the accusation were mentioned the names of Hassaan bin Thabit, Mistah bin Uthatha, and Hamnah bint Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with them). There were others involved as well, but I do not know them. In any case, it was a group, as Allah Almighty has used the word "Usbah" in these verses. The greatest share was that of Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salool. Urwah says that Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) used to dislike that Sayyiduna Hassaan (may Allah be pleased with him) be spoken ill of in her presence, and she used to say that Hassaan (may Allah be pleased with him) is the one who said: "So indeed, my father and his father and my honor are a protection for the honor of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) from you."
Hadith 8690
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ رُمِيتُ بِمَا رُمِيتُ بِهِ وَأَنَا غَافِلَةٌ فَبَلَغَنِي بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ رَضْخٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَبَيْنَمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عِنْدِي إِذْ أُوحِيَ إِلَيْهِ وَكَانَ إِذَا أُوحِيَ إِلَيْهِ يَأْخُذُهُ شِبْهُ السُّبَاتِ فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ جَالِسٌ عِنْدِي إِذْ أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ الْوَحْيُ فَرَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ وَهُوَ يَمْسَحُ عَنْ جَبِينِهِ فَقَالَ أَبْشِرِي يَا عَائِشَةُ فَقُلْتُ بِحَمْدِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لَا بِحَمْدِكَ فَقَرَأَ {الَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ} حَتَّى بَلَغَ {مُبَرَّءُونَ مِمَّا يَقُولُونَ} [النور: 4-26]
It is narrated from Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), she says: I was accused, while I had no knowledge of it, later the news reached me, but I could not believe it. One day, the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was with me, and during that time, revelation began to descend upon him and a light sleep overcame him. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) raised his blessed head, wiped the sweat from his forehead, and said: O Aisha! Rejoice. I said: With the praise of Allah, not with your praise. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) recited these verses: {الَّذِینَ یَرْمُوْنَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ … … حَتَّی بَلَغَ مُبَرَّءُ وْنَ مِمَّا یَقُولُوْنَ}.
