الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
تفسير من سورة النساء إلى سورة الأعرافInterpretation from Surah An-Nisa to Surah Al-A'raf
باب:« لا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ .... الخ»
Chapter: "Not equal are those who sit...etc."
Hadith 8562
عَنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ كُنْتُ إِلَى جَنْبِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَغَشِيَتْهُ السَّكِينَةُ فَوَقَعَتْ فَخِذُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى فَخِذِي فَمَا وَجَدْتُ ثِقْلَ شَيْءٍ أَثْقَلَ مِنْ فَخِذِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثُمَّ سُرِّيَ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ اكْتُبْ فَكَتَبْتُ فِي كَتِفٍ لَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُجَاهِدُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ [سورة النساء: ٩٥] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ فَقَامَ ابْنُ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَكَانَ رَجُلًا أَعْمَى لَمَّا سَمِعَ فَضِيلَةَ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَكَيْفَ بِمَنْ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ الْجِهَادَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَلَمَّا قَضَى كَلَامَهُ غَشِيَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ السَّكِينَةُ فَوَقَعَتْ فَخِذُهُ عَلَى فَخِذِي وَوَجَدْتُ مِنْ ثِقَلِهَا فِي الْمَرَّةِ الثَّانِيَةِ كَمَا وَجَدْتُ فِي الْمَرَّةِ الْأُولَى ثُمَّ سُرِّيَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ اقْرَأْ يَا زَيْدُ فَقَرَأْتُ لَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ الْآيَةَ كُلَّهَا قَالَ زَيْدٌ فَأَنْزَلَهَا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهَا فَأَلْحَقْتُهَا وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَكَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَى مُلْحَقِهَا عِنْدَ صَدْعٍ فِي كَتِفٍ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Zaid bin Thabit, he says: I was sitting beside the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, when sakinah (the state during the descent of revelation) overcame him. At that time, the thigh of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, was upon my thigh. I have never felt the weight of anything heavier than the weight of his thigh. When this state ended, he, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Write. So I wrote on a shoulder blade: {لَا یَسْتَوِی الْقٰعِدُوْنَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِیْنَ وَالْمُجٰہِدُوْنَ فِیْ سَبِیْلِ اللّٰہِ بِاَمْوَالِہِمْ وَاَنْفُسِہِمْ فَضَّلَ اللّٰہُ الْمُجٰہِدِیْنَ بِاَمْوَالِہِمْ وَاَنْفُسِہِمْ عَلَی الْقٰعِدِیْنَ دَرَجَۃً وَکُلًّا وَّعَدَ اللّٰہُ الْحُسْنٰی وَفَضَّلَ اللّٰہُ الْمُجٰہِدِیْنَ عَلَی الْقٰعِدِیْنَ اَجْرًا عَظِیْمًا۔} … Those of the believers who sit (at home) and those who strive hard and fight in the cause of Allah with their wealth and their lives are not equal. Allah has granted a higher rank to those who strive and fight with their wealth and their lives than to those who sit (at home). To all, Allah has promised good, but Allah has granted a great reward to those who strive and fight above those who sit (at home). Upon hearing this virtue of the Mujahideen, Sayyiduna Ibn Umm Maktum, may Allah be pleased with him, who was blind, stood up and said: O Messenger of Allah! What about the one who cannot participate in jihad due to an excuse? When he had said his words, then again the special state of the descent of revelation overcame the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and his thigh was upon my thigh, and this second time I felt the same weight of his thigh as I had felt the first time. After a while, when this state ended, he, peace and blessings be upon him, said: O Zaid! Recite the verse. So I recited: {لَا یَسْتَوِی الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنْ الْمُؤْمِنِینَ}, and he, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Also write: {غَیْرُ أُولِی الضَّرَرِ}. Then Sayyiduna Zaid bin Thabit, may Allah be pleased with him, says: Allah Almighty revealed this phrase separately, after which I placed it in its proper place. By the One in Whose hand is my soul! Even at that time, I was looking at the spot near the crack of the bone where I had written it.
Hadith 8563
(وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ) قَالَ سَمِعْتُ الْبَرَاءَ بْنَ عَازِبٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ وَفَضَّلَ اللَّهُ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ عَلَى الْقَاعِدِينَ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا [سورة النساء: ٩٥] أَتَاهُ ابْنُ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا تَأْمُرُنِي إِنِّي ضَرِيرُ الْبَصَرِ قَالَ فَنَزَلَتْ غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَبْرَحَ قَالَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ ائْتُونِي بِالْكَتِفِ وَالدَّوَاةِ أَوِ اللَّوْحِ وَالدَّوَاةِ
(Second chain) It is narrated from Sayyiduna Bara’ bin Azib (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: When this verse was revealed {وَفَضَّلَ اللّٰہُ الْمُجَاہِدِینَ عَلَی الْقَاعِدِینَ أَ جْرًا عَظِیمًا}, Sayyiduna Ibn Umm Maktum (may Allah be pleased with him) came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah! I am blind, so what is the command for me? In the meantime, these words were revealed: {غَیْرُ أُولِی الضَّرَرِ}. In one narration it is stated: You were still in that very place when this verse was revealed, then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Bring me the shoulder blade and inkpot or the tablet and inkpot.
عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ الْبَرَاءَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ لَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُجَاهِدُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ [سورة النساء: ٩٥] قَالَ فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ زَيْدًا فَجَاءَ بِكَتِفٍ فَكَتَبَهَا قَالَ فَشَكَا إِلَيْهِ ابْنُ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ضَرَارَتَهُ فَنَزَلَتْ لَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ [سورة النساء: ٩٥]
It is narrated from Abu Ishaq that he heard Sayyiduna Bara’ saying about this verse {لَا یَسْتَوِی الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنْ الْمُؤْمِنِینَ وَالْمُجَاہِدُونَ فِی سَبِیلِ اللّٰہِ}: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, ordered Sayyiduna Zayd, so he came and wrote this verse on a shoulder blade. When Sayyiduna Ibn Umm Maktum, may Allah be pleased with him, mentioned his blindness, these verses were revealed: {لَا یَسْتَوِی الْقَاعِدُوْنَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِیْنَ غَیْرُ اُوْلِی الضَّرَرِ}.
Hadith 8563
عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ الْبَرَاءَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ لَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُجَاهِدُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ [سورة النساء: ٩٥] قَالَ فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ زَيْدًا فَجَاءَ بِكَتِفٍ فَكَتَبَهَا قَالَ فَشَكَا إِلَيْهِ ابْنُ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ضَرَارَتَهُ فَنَزَلَتْ لَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ [سورة النساء: ٩٥]
It is narrated from Abu Ishaq that he heard Sayyiduna Bara’ saying about this verse {لَا یَسْتَوِی الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنْ الْمُؤْمِنِینَ وَالْمُجَاہِدُونَ فِی سَبِیلِ اللّٰہِ}: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, ordered Sayyiduna Zayd, so he came and wrote this verse on a shoulder blade. When Sayyiduna Ibn Umm Maktum, may Allah be pleased with him, mentioned his blindness, these verses were revealed: {لَا یَسْتَوِی الْقَاعِدُوْنَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِیْنَ غَیْرُ اُوْلِی الضَّرَرِ}.
(وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ) قَالَ سَمِعْتُ الْبَرَاءَ بْنَ عَازِبٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ وَفَضَّلَ اللَّهُ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ عَلَى الْقَاعِدِينَ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا [سورة النساء: ٩٥] أَتَاهُ ابْنُ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا تَأْمُرُنِي إِنِّي ضَرِيرُ الْبَصَرِ قَالَ فَنَزَلَتْ غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَبْرَحَ قَالَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ ائْتُونِي بِالْكَتِفِ وَالدَّوَاةِ أَوِ اللَّوْحِ وَالدَّوَاةِ
(Second chain) It is narrated from Sayyiduna Bara’ bin Azib (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: When this verse was revealed {وَفَضَّلَ اللّٰہُ الْمُجَاہِدِینَ عَلَی الْقَاعِدِینَ أَ جْرًا عَظِیمًا}, Sayyiduna Ibn Umm Maktum (may Allah be pleased with him) came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah! I am blind, so what is the command for me? In the meantime, these words were revealed: {غَیْرُ أُولِی الضَّرَرِ}. In one narration it is stated: You were still in that very place when this verse was revealed, then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Bring me the shoulder blade and inkpot or the tablet and inkpot.
