الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
تفسير من سورة النساء إلى سورة الأعرافInterpretation from Surah An-Nisa to Surah Al-A'raf
بَابُ قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: «وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ »وَقَوْلِهِ: «وَلَا تَتَمَنَّوْا مَا فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ بِهِ بَعْضَكُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ» وَقَوْلِهِ: «فَكَيْفَ إِذَا جِئْنَا مِنْ كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ بشَهيد.... »
Chapter: His saying, the Exalted: "And [prohibited to you are] married women" and His saying: "And do not wish for that by which Allah has made some of you exceed others" and His saying: "So how [will it be] when We bring from every nation a witness..."
Hadith 8552
عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ أَصَبْنَا نِسَاءً مِنْ سَبْيِ أَوْطَاسٍ وَلَهُنَّ أَزْوَاجٌ فَكَرِهْنَا أَنْ نَقَعَ عَلَيْهِنَّ وَلَهُنَّ أَزْوَاجٌ فَسَأَلْنَا النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ [سورة النساء: ٢٤] قَالَ فَاسْتَحْلَلْنَا بِهَا فُرُوجَهُنَّ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him): We acquired women from the Banu Awsat tribe as slave girls, while their husbands were present (i.e., they were previously married and their husbands were alive), so we disliked having intercourse with them because their husbands were present. Then when we asked the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) about this, this verse was revealed: {وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنْ النِّسَائِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَکَتْ أَیْمَانُکُمْ} … And married women (are also forbidden) except those (slave girls) whom your right hands possess. So, due to ownership by the right hand, we had intercourse with them.
Hadith 8553
عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَالَتْ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ يَغْزُو الرِّجَالُ وَلَا نَغْزُو وَلَنَا نِصْفُ الْمِيرَاثِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَلَا تَتَمَنَّوْا مَا فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ بِهِ بَعْضَكُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ [سورة النساء: ٣٢]
Mujahid says that Sayyida Umm Salama (may Allah be pleased with her) said: O Messenger of Allah! Men participate in jihad and we women do not participate in jihad, and our share of inheritance is also half that of men? So Allah Almighty revealed this verse: {وَلَا تَتَمَنَّوْا مَا فَضَّلَ اللّٰہُ بِہٖ بَعْضَکُمْ عَلٰی بَعْضٍ لِلرِّجَالِ نَصِیْبٌ مِّمَّا اکْتَـسَبُوْا وَلِلنِّسَاءِ نَصِیْبٌ مِّمَّا اکْتَـسَبْنَ وَسْـئَلُوا اللّٰہَ مِنْ فَضْلِہٖ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ کَانَ بِکُلِّ شَیْءٍ عَلِـیْمًا} … And do not wish for that by which Allah has made some of you excel others. For men is a share of what they have earned, and for women is a share of what they have earned. And ask Allah for His bounty. Surely, Allah is ever All-Knowing of everything.
Hadith 8554
عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَرَأْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ فَلَمَّا بَلَغْتُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ فَكَيْفَ إِذَا جِئْنَا مِنْ كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ بِشَهِيدٍ وَجِئْنَا بِكَ عَلَى هَؤُلَاءِ شَهِيدًا [سورة النساء: ٤١] قَالَ فَفَاضَتْ عَيْنَاهُ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas’ud (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: I recited Surah An-Nisa to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and when I reached this verse: {فَکَیْفَ اِذَا جِئْنَا مِنْ کُلِّ اُمَّۃٍ بِشَہِیْدٍ وَجِئْنَا بِکَ عَلٰی ھٰؤُلَائِ شَہِیْدًا} … “Then how will it be when We bring from every nation a witness and We bring you as a witness over these?” At this, tears began to flow from the eyes of the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
