الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
أبواب كيفية نزول القرآنChapters on How the Qur'an Was Revealed
بَابُ نُزُولِ الْقُرْآنِ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ
Chapter on the Qur’an Being Revealed in Seven Modes
Hadith 8435
عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ جِبْرِيلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ اقْرَأِ الْقُرْآنَ عَلَى حَرْفٍ وَفِي لَفْظٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ أَتَانِي جِبْرِيلُ وَمِيكَائِيلُ فَقَالَ جِبْرِيلُ اقْرَأِ الْقُرْآنَ عَلَى حَرْفٍ قَالَ مِيكَائِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ اسْتَزِدْهُ فَاسْتَزَادَهُ قَالَ اقْرَأْهُ عَلَى حَرْفَيْنِ قَالَ مِيكَائِيلُ اسْتَزِدْهُ فَاسْتَزَادَهُ حَتَّى بَلَغَ سَبْعَةَ أَحْرُفٍ قَالَ كُلٌّ شَافٍ كَافٍ مَا لَمْ تَخْتِمْ آيَةَ عَذَابٍ بِرَحْمَةٍ أَوْ آيَةَ رَحْمَةٍ بِعَذَابٍ نَحْوَ قَوْلِكَ تَعَالَ وَأَقْبِلْ وَهَلُمَّ وَاذْهَبْ وَأَسْرِعْ وَاعْجَلْ
Sayyiduna Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: Jibril (peace be upon him) said: O Muhammad! Recite the Noble Qur’an according to one mode of recitation. In another narration, it is stated: The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Jibril and Mika’il came to me, Jibril said to me: Recite the Noble Qur’an on one mode of recitation, but Mika’il said to you (peace and blessings be upon him): Ask for more allowance. So you (peace and blessings be upon him) requested for more allowance, then Jibril said: Recite it on two modes of recitation, but Mika’il again said: Ask for more, so you (peace and blessings be upon him) demanded further allowance, until it reached seven modes of recitation. Then they said: Each mode is sufficient and complete, as long as you do not end an ayah of punishment with an ayah of mercy, nor an ayah of mercy with an ayah of punishment. This matter of recitation is just like these words: ta‘ala and aqbil, halumma and idhhab, and asri‘ and i‘jal.
Hadith 8436
عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ عَلَى أَيِّ حَرْفٍ قَرَأْتُمْ فَقَدْ أَصَبْتُمْ فَلَا تَمَارَوْا فِيهِ فَإِنَّ الْمِرَاءَ فِيهِ كُفْرٌ
Sayyiduna Amr ibn al-As (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: The Noble Qur’an has been revealed upon seven modes of recitation; whichever mode you recite with, you will be reciting correctly. Do not dispute regarding it, for disputing about the Noble Qur’an is disbelief.
Hadith 8437
عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَرَأْتُ آيَةً وَقَرَأَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ خِلَافَهَا جَاءَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ وَقَرَأَ رَجُلٌ خِلَافَهَا فَأَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقُلْتُ أَلَمْ تُقْرِئْنِي آيَةَ كَذَا وَكَذَا قَالَ بَلَى فَقَالَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ أَلَمْ تُقْرِئْنِيهَا كَذَا وَكَذَا فَقَالَ بَلَى كِلَاكُمَا مُحْسِنٌ مُجْمِلٌ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ فَضَرَبَ صَدْرِي فَقَالَ يَا أُبَيُّ بْنَ كَعْبٍ إِنِّي أُقْرِئْتُ الْقُرْآنَ فَقِيلَ لِي عَلَى حَرْفٍ أَوْ عَلَى حَرْفَيْنِ قَالَ فَقَالَ الْمَلَكُ الَّذِي مَعِي عَلَى حَرْفَيْنِ فَقُلْتُ عَلَى حَرْفَيْنِ فَقَالَ عَلَى حَرْفَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةٍ فَقَالَ الْمَلَكُ الَّذِي مَعِي عَلَى ثَلَاثَةٍ فَقُلْتُ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةٍ حَتَّى بَلَغَ سَبْعَةَ أَحْرُفٍ لَيْسَ مِنْهَا إِلَّا شَافٍ كَافٍ إِنْ قُلْتَ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا أَوْ قُلْتَ سَمِيعًا عَلِيمًا أَوْ عَلِيمًا سَمِيعًا فَاللَّهُ كَذَلِكَ مَا لَمْ تَخْتِمْ آيَةَ عَذَابٍ بِرَحْمَةٍ أَوْ آيَةَ رَحْمَةٍ بِعَذَابٍ زَادَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ بَعْدَ قَوْلِهِ فَضَرَبَ فِي صَدْرِي ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُمَّ أَذْهِبْ عَنْ أُبَيٍّ الشَّكَّ فَفِضْتُ عَرَقًا وَامْتَلَأَ جَوْفِي فَرَقًا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَا أُبَيُّ إِنَّ مَلَكَيْنِ أَتَيَانِي فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا اقْرَأْ عَلَى حَرْفٍ فَقَالَ الْآخَرُ زِدْهُ فَقُلْتُ زِدْنِي فَقَالَ اقْرَأْ عَلَى حَرْفَيْنِ فَقَالَ الْآخَرُ زِدْهُ فَقُلْتُ زِدْنِي فَقَالَ اقْرَأْ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةٍ فَقَالَ الْآخَرُ زِدْهُ فَقُلْتُ زِدْنِي فَقَالَ اقْرَأْ عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ فَقَالَ الْآخَرُ زِدْهُ قُلْتُ زِدْنِي فَقَالَ اقْرَأْ عَلَى خَمْسَةِ أَحْرُفٍ فَقَالَ الْآخَرُ زِدْهُ قُلْتُ زِدْنِي فَقَالَ اقْرَأْ عَلَى سِتَّةٍ فَقَالَ الْآخَرُ زِدْهُ فَقَالَ اقْرَأْ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ubayy bin Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: I recited a verse and Sayyiduna Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) also recited a verse, but his verse was different from mine. So I came to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: Did you not teach me such and such verse in this way? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Why not. Sayyiduna Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Did you not teach me this in such and such way? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Both of you have recited correctly. I (Ubayy) said: How can both be correct? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) struck his hand on my chest and said: O Ubayy! The Qur'an was taught to me and it was said: upon one or two recitations? The angel who was with me said: upon two recitations. I said: upon two recitations. But then he said: upon two recitations or three? The angel who was with me said: upon three recitations. I said: upon three recitations, until it reached seven recitations, each one satisfactory and sufficient. If you say غَفُورًا رَحِیمًا (Most Forgiving, Most Merciful), or you say سَمِیعًا عَلِیمًا (All-Hearing, All-Knowing), or you say عَلِیمًا سَمِیعًا (All-Knowing, All-Hearing), then Allah is just as He is. In another narration it is mentioned: When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) struck my chest and said: O Allah! Remove doubt from Ubayy. Ubayy says: I became drenched in sweat and my stomach was filled with fear. The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: O Ubayy! Two angels came to me, one of them said: Recite the Qur'an upon one recitation, the other said: Increase it, I also said: Increase it, he said: Recite upon four recitations, the other said: Increase it more, I also said: Increase it for me, he said: Recite upon five recitations, the other said: Increase it more, I also said: Increase it more, recite upon six recitations, the other said: Increase it more, he said: Recite upon seven recitations.
Hadith 8438
عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ قَالَ لَقِيَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ وَهُوَ عِنْدَ أَحْجَارِ الْمِرَاءِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ أُمَّتَكَ يَقْرَءُونَ الْقُرْآنَ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ فَمَنْ قَرَأَ مِنْهُمْ عَلَى حَرْفٍ فَلْيَقْرَأْ كَمَا عَلِمَ وَلَا يَرْجِعْ عَنْهُ قَالَ أَبُو وَقَالَ ابْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ إِنَّ مِنْ أُمَّتِكَ الضَّعِيفَ فَمَنْ قَرَأَ عَلَى حَرْفٍ فَلَا يَتَحَوَّلْ مِنْهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ رَغْبَةً عَنْهُ
(Second chain) The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) met Jibreel (peace be upon him) at the place of Ahjar al-Mara. Jibreel (peace be upon him) said: Your Ummah can recite the Noble Qur’an in seven modes of recitation. Whoever has recited in one mode, let him continue to recite according to his knowledge and not stop. The wording of Ibn Mahdi’s narration is as follows: Jibreel (peace be upon him) said: Indeed, there are weak people in your Ummah, so whoever recites in one mode, let him not turn away from it out of disinterest and go towards another mode.
عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لَقِيتُ جِبْرِيلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ عِنْدَ أَحْجَارِ الْمِرَاءِ فَقُلْتُ يَا جِبْرِيلُ إِنِّي أُرْسِلْتُ إِلَى أُمَّةٍ أُمِّيَّةٍ الرَّجُلُ وَالْمَرْأَةُ وَالْغُلَامُ وَالْجَارِيَةُ وَالشَّيْخُ الْفَانِي الَّذِي لَا يَقْرَأُ كِتَابًا قَطُّ قَالَ إِنَّ الْقُرْآنَ نَزَلَ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Hudhaifah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I met Jibreel (peace be upon him) at the place of Ahjar al-Mara, and I said: O Jibreel! I have been sent as a Prophet to an unlettered nation, among whom are men, women, slaves, maidservants, and extremely old people who have never read any writing. He said: The Noble Qur’an has been revealed upon seven modes of recitation.
Hadith 8438
عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لَقِيتُ جِبْرِيلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ عِنْدَ أَحْجَارِ الْمِرَاءِ فَقُلْتُ يَا جِبْرِيلُ إِنِّي أُرْسِلْتُ إِلَى أُمَّةٍ أُمِّيَّةٍ الرَّجُلُ وَالْمَرْأَةُ وَالْغُلَامُ وَالْجَارِيَةُ وَالشَّيْخُ الْفَانِي الَّذِي لَا يَقْرَأُ كِتَابًا قَطُّ قَالَ إِنَّ الْقُرْآنَ نَزَلَ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Hudhaifah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I met Jibreel (peace be upon him) at the place of Ahjar al-Mara, and I said: O Jibreel! I have been sent as a Prophet to an unlettered nation, among whom are men, women, slaves, maidservants, and extremely old people who have never read any writing. He said: The Noble Qur’an has been revealed upon seven modes of recitation.
عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ قَالَ لَقِيَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ وَهُوَ عِنْدَ أَحْجَارِ الْمِرَاءِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ أُمَّتَكَ يَقْرَءُونَ الْقُرْآنَ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ فَمَنْ قَرَأَ مِنْهُمْ عَلَى حَرْفٍ فَلْيَقْرَأْ كَمَا عَلِمَ وَلَا يَرْجِعْ عَنْهُ قَالَ أَبُو وَقَالَ ابْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ إِنَّ مِنْ أُمَّتِكَ الضَّعِيفَ فَمَنْ قَرَأَ عَلَى حَرْفٍ فَلَا يَتَحَوَّلْ مِنْهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ رَغْبَةً عَنْهُ
(Second chain) The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) met Jibreel (peace be upon him) at the place of Ahjar al-Mara. Jibreel (peace be upon him) said: Your Ummah can recite the Noble Qur’an in seven modes of recitation. Whoever has recited in one mode, let him continue to recite according to his knowledge and not stop. The wording of Ibn Mahdi’s narration is as follows: Jibreel (peace be upon him) said: Indeed, there are weak people in your Ummah, so whoever recites in one mode, let him not turn away from it out of disinterest and go towards another mode.
Hadith 8439
عَنْ أُبَيٍّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ لَقِيَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ عِنْدَ أَحْجَارِ الْمِرَاءِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِجِبْرِيلَ إِنِّي بُعِثْتُ إِلَى أُمَّةٍ أُمِّيِّينَ فِيهِمُ الشَّيْخُ الْعَاسِي وَالْعَجُوزَةُ الْكَبِيرَةُ وَالْغُلَامُ قَالَ فَمُرْهُمْ فَلْيَقْرَءُوا الْقُرْآنَ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ
Sayyiduna Ubayy ibn Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) met Jibreel (peace be upon him) at Ahjaz al-Mara. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Jibreel (peace be upon him): "I have been sent to an unlettered nation, among whom are many elderly men and women, and slaves as well." He (Jibreel) said: "Come, command them to recite the Noble Qur'an upon seven modes of recitation."
Hadith 8440
عَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ
Sayyiduna Samurah bin Jundub (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: The Qur’an has been revealed according to seven modes of recitation.
Hadith 8441
عَنْ أُمِّ أَيُّوبَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ أَيُّهَا قَرَأْتِ أَجْزَأَكِ
Sayyidah Umm Ayyub (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to her: The Noble Qur’an has been revealed in seven modes of recitation; whichever of them you recite will suffice for you.
Hadith 8442
عَنْ عُبَادَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ أُبَيَّ بْنَ كَعْبٍ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أُنْزِلَ الْقُرْآنُ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ
Sayyiduna Ubayy ibn Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: The Noble Qur'an was revealed upon seven modes of recitation.
Hadith 8443
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ أَقْرَأَنِي جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ عَلَى حَرْفٍ فَرَاجَعْتُهُ فَلَمْ أَزَلْ أَسْتَزِيدُهُ وَيَزِيدُنِي حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ وَإِنَّمَا هَذِهِ الْأَحْرُفُ فِي الْأَمْرِ الْوَاحِدِ وَلَا يَخْتَلِفُ فِي حَلَالٍ وَلَا حَرَامٍ
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Jibreel (peace be upon him) taught me one recitation, I requested him to increase the recitations and he kept increasing them, until the matter reached seven recitations. Imam Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) says: This difference in recitations is in reality about one and the same matter, it does not make any difference in what is lawful and unlawful.
Hadith 8444
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أُنْزِلَ الْقُرْآنُ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ عَفُوٌّ رَحِيمٌ
Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: The Qur’an was revealed upon seven modes of recitation, such as reciting GHAFURAN RAHIMAN instead of ALIMAN HAKIMAN.
