الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
أبواب كيفية نزول القرآنChapters on How the Qur'an Was Revealed
بَابُ كِتَابَةِ الْقُرْآنِ فِي الْاكْتَافِ وَالنَّخَافِ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ
Chapter on Writing the Qur’an on Shoulder Blades and Palm Leaves During the Time of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)
Hadith 8403
عَنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِنِّي قَاعِدٌ إِلَى جَنْبِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمಸೀيومًا إِذْ أُوحِيَ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ وَغَشِيَتْهُ السَّكِينَةُ وَوَقَعَ فَخِذُهُ عَلَى فَخِذِي حِينَ غَشِيَتْهُ السَّكِينَةُ قَالَ زَيْدٌ فَلَا وَاللَّهِ مَا وَجَدْتُ شَيْئًا قَطُّ أَثْقَلَ مِنْ فَخِذِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثُمَّ سُرِّيَ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ اكْتُبْ يَا زَيْدُ فَأَخَذْتُ كَتِفًا فَقَالَ اكْتُبْ لَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُجَاهِدُونَ [سورة النساء: ٩٥] الْآيَةَ كُلَّهَا إِلَى قَوْلِهِ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا فَكَتَبْتُ ذَلِكَ فِي كَتِفٍ فَقَامَ حِينَ سَمِعَهَا ابْنُ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ وَكَانَ رَجُلًا أَعْمَى فَقَامَ حِينَ سَمِعَ فَضِيلَةَ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَكَيْفَ بِمَنْ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ الْجِهَادَ مِمَّنْ هُوَ أَعْمَى وَأَشْبَاهِ ذَلِكَ قَالَ زَيْدٌ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا مَضَى كَلَامُهُ أَوْ مَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ قَضَى كَلَامَهُ غَشِيَتِ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ السَّكِينَةُ فَوَقَعَتْ فَخِذُهُ عَلَى فَخِذِي فَوَجَدْتُ مِنْ ثِقَلِهَا كَمَا وَجَدْتُ فِي الْمَرَّةِ الْأُولَى ثُمَّ سُرِّيَ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ اقْرَأْ فَقَرَأْتُ عَلَيْهِ لَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ قَالَ زَيْدٌ فَأَلْحَقْتُهَا فَوَاللَّهِ لَكَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَى مُلْحَقِهَا عِنْدَ صَدْعٍ كَانَ فِي الْكَتِفِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Zaid bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: I was sitting beside the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), when suddenly revelation began to descend upon him and tranquility overtook him, while his thigh was upon my thigh. By Allah! I have never felt anything heavier than the thigh of the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Then, when this state departed from him, he said: O Zaid! Write. I took a shoulder blade and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Write this verse {لَا یَسْتَوِی الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنْ الْمُؤْمِنِینَ وَالْمُجَاہِدُونَ … أَ جْرًا عَظِیمًا}. When Sayyiduna Ibn Umm Maktum (may Allah be pleased with him), who was a blind man, heard this verse and heard that in this verse the great virtue of the Mujahideen was mentioned, he said: O Messenger of Allah! What will happen to the one who does not have the strength for jihad, such as the blind and others? Sayyiduna Zaid (may Allah be pleased with him) says: By Allah! Ibn Umm Maktum (may Allah be pleased with him) had not even finished his words when the tranquility that would descend upon him (peace and blessings be upon him) during revelation descended again, and his thigh was upon my thigh. I felt the same weight from it as I had felt before during the state of revelation. Then, when the state of revelation departed from him (peace and blessings be upon him), he said: Recite that verse. When I recited that verse, he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Write with it: {غَیْرُ أُولِی الضَّرَرِ}. Sayyiduna Zaid (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I joined this part with that verse, as if even now I am seeing the mark of swelling at the place of that verse on the shoulder blade.
Hadith 8404
عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ شُمَاسَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ نُؤَلِّفُ الْقُرْآنَ مِنَ الرِّقَاعِ إِذْ قَالَ طُوبَى لِلشَّامِ قِيلَ وَلِمَ ذَلِكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ إِنَّ مَلَائِكَةَ الرَّحْمَةِ بَاسِطَةٌ أَجْنِحَتَهَا عَلَيْهِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Zaid bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: We were sitting with the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) compiling the Holy Qur'an on pieces of cloth, when suddenly the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Glad tidings for the region of Sham. Someone asked: O Messenger of Allah! Why? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: The angels of mercy have spread their wings over it.
Hadith 8405
(وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ) قَالَ كَانَ مِنَّا رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي النَّجَّارِ قَدْ قَرَأَ الْبَقَرَةَ وَآلَ عِمْرَانَ وَكَانَ يَكْتُبُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَانْطَلَقَ هَارِبًا حَتَّى لَحِقَ بِأَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ قَالَ فَرَفَعُوهُ وَقَالُوا هَذَا كَانَ يَكْتُبُ لِمُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَعْجِبُوا بِهِ فَمَا لَبِثَ أَنْ قَصَمَ اللَّهُ عُنُقَهُ فِيهِمْ فَحَفَرُوا لَهُ فَوَارَوْهُ فَأَصْبَحَتِ الْأَرْضُ قَدْ نَبَذَتْهُ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا ثُمَّ عَادُوا فَحَفَرُوا لَهُ فَوَارَوْهُ فَأَصْبَحَتِ الْأَرْضُ قَدْ نَبَذَتْهُ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا ثُمَّ عَادُوا فَحَفَرُوا لَهُ فَوَارَوْهُ فَأَصْبَحَتِ الْأَرْضُ قَدْ نَبَذَتْهُ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا فَتَرَكُوهُ مَنْبُوذًا
(Second chain) Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) says: There was a man from our tribe, Banu Najjar, who had recited Surah Al-Baqarah and Surah Aal-e-Imran, and he was a scribe of the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). But it so happened that he (became an apostate and) ran away and joined the People of the Book. They gave him great honor and said: This man was the scribe of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), so they were greatly astonished (thinking they had found a great proof against Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him). But after only a few days, Allah Almighty put an end to his story (and he died). They dug a grave for him and buried him in it, but when morning came, it was seen that the earth had thrown him out. They dug the grave again and buried him, but when morning came, again it was seen that the earth had thrown him out. They dug the grave again and buried him, but the same thing happened: the earth threw him out. So they left him lying on the surface of the earth.
عَنْ أَنَسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَجُلًا كَانَ يَكْتُبُ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَدْ كَانَ قَرَأَ الْبَقَرَةَ وَآلَ عِمْرَانَ وَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا قَرَأَ الْبَقَرَةَ وَآلَ عِمْرَانَ جَدَّ فِينَا يَعْنِي عَظُمَ فَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُمْلِي عَلَيْهِ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا فَيَكْتُبُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا فَيَقُولُ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ اكْتُبْ كَذَا وَكَذَا اكْتُبْ كَيْفَ شِئْتَ وَيُمْلِي عَلَيْهِ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا فَيَقُولُ أَكْتُبُ سَمِيعًا بَصِيرًا فَيَقُولُ اكْتُبْ كَيْفَ شِئْتَ فَارْتَدَّ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ فَلَحِقَ بِالْمُشْرِكِينَ وَقَالَ أَنَا أَعْلَمُكُمْ بِمُحَمَّدٍ إِنْ كُنْتُ لَأَكْتُبُ مَا شِئْتُ فَمَاتَ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنَّ الْأَرْضَ لَمْ تَقْبَلْهُ وَقَالَ أَنَسٌ فَحَدَّثَنِي أَبُو طَلْحَةَ أَنَّهُ أَتَى الْأَرْضَ الَّتِي مَاتَ فِيهَا ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ فَوَجَدَهُ مَنْبُوذًا فَقَالَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ مَا شَأْنُ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ قَالُوا قَدْ دَفَنَّاهُ مِرَارًا فَلَمْ تَقْبَلْهُ الْأَرْضُ
Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that a man used to write for the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). He had memorized Surah Al-Baqarah and Surah Aal-e-Imran, and whoever among us had memorized Surah Al-Baqarah and Surah Aal-e-Imran was considered to be of great status and rank. When the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would {غَفُورًا رَحِیمًا} to this man, he would write {عَلِیمًا حَکِیمًا}, but the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would say to him: Write such and such, write as you wish. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would have him write {عَلِیمًا حَکِیمًا}, but he would say: I will write {سَمِیعًا بَصِیرًا}. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Write as you wish. Then it happened that this man became an apostate from Islam and joined the polytheists, and he began to say to them: I know more than Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him); I used to write whatever I wished. Then he died, and the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: The earth will not accept him. Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) says: Sayyiduna Abu Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him) told me that he went to the area where that man had died, and he saw that his corpse was lying thrown outside. So he inquired about that man’s matter, and the people said: We have buried him many times, but the earth does not accept him.
Hadith 8405
عَنْ أَنَسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَجُلًا كَانَ يَكْتُبُ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَدْ كَانَ قَرَأَ الْبَقَرَةَ وَآلَ عِمْرَانَ وَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا قَرَأَ الْبَقَرَةَ وَآلَ عِمْرَانَ جَدَّ فِينَا يَعْنِي عَظُمَ فَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُمْلِي عَلَيْهِ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا فَيَكْتُبُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا فَيَقُولُ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ اكْتُبْ كَذَا وَكَذَا اكْتُبْ كَيْفَ شِئْتَ وَيُمْلِي عَلَيْهِ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا فَيَقُولُ أَكْتُبُ سَمِيعًا بَصِيرًا فَيَقُولُ اكْتُبْ كَيْفَ شِئْتَ فَارْتَدَّ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ فَلَحِقَ بِالْمُشْرِكِينَ وَقَالَ أَنَا أَعْلَمُكُمْ بِمُحَمَّدٍ إِنْ كُنْتُ لَأَكْتُبُ مَا شِئْتُ فَمَاتَ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنَّ الْأَرْضَ لَمْ تَقْبَلْهُ وَقَالَ أَنَسٌ فَحَدَّثَنِي أَبُو طَلْحَةَ أَنَّهُ أَتَى الْأَرْضَ الَّتِي مَاتَ فِيهَا ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ فَوَجَدَهُ مَنْبُوذًا فَقَالَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ مَا شَأْنُ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ قَالُوا قَدْ دَفَنَّاهُ مِرَارًا فَلَمْ تَقْبَلْهُ الْأَرْضُ
Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that a man used to write for the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). He had memorized Surah Al-Baqarah and Surah Aal-e-Imran, and whoever among us had memorized Surah Al-Baqarah and Surah Aal-e-Imran was considered to be of great status and rank. When the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would {غَفُورًا رَحِیمًا} to this man, he would write {عَلِیمًا حَکِیمًا}, but the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would say to him: Write such and such, write as you wish. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would have him write {عَلِیمًا حَکِیمًا}, but he would say: I will write {سَمِیعًا بَصِیرًا}. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Write as you wish. Then it happened that this man became an apostate from Islam and joined the polytheists, and he began to say to them: I know more than Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him); I used to write whatever I wished. Then he died, and the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: The earth will not accept him. Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) says: Sayyiduna Abu Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him) told me that he went to the area where that man had died, and he saw that his corpse was lying thrown outside. So he inquired about that man’s matter, and the people said: We have buried him many times, but the earth does not accept him.
(وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ) قَالَ كَانَ مِنَّا رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي النَّجَّارِ قَدْ قَرَأَ الْبَقَرَةَ وَآلَ عِمْرَانَ وَكَانَ يَكْتُبُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَانْطَلَقَ هَارِبًا حَتَّى لَحِقَ بِأَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ قَالَ فَرَفَعُوهُ وَقَالُوا هَذَا كَانَ يَكْتُبُ لِمُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَعْجِبُوا بِهِ فَمَا لَبِثَ أَنْ قَصَمَ اللَّهُ عُنُقَهُ فِيهِمْ فَحَفَرُوا لَهُ فَوَارَوْهُ فَأَصْبَحَتِ الْأَرْضُ قَدْ نَبَذَتْهُ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا ثُمَّ عَادُوا فَحَفَرُوا لَهُ فَوَارَوْهُ فَأَصْبَحَتِ الْأَرْضُ قَدْ نَبَذَتْهُ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا ثُمَّ عَادُوا فَحَفَرُوا لَهُ فَوَارَوْهُ فَأَصْبَحَتِ الْأَرْضُ قَدْ نَبَذَتْهُ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا فَتَرَكُوهُ مَنْبُوذًا
(Second chain) Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) says: There was a man from our tribe, Banu Najjar, who had recited Surah Al-Baqarah and Surah Aal-e-Imran, and he was a scribe of the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). But it so happened that he (became an apostate and) ran away and joined the People of the Book. They gave him great honor and said: This man was the scribe of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), so they were greatly astonished (thinking they had found a great proof against Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him). But after only a few days, Allah Almighty put an end to his story (and he died). They dug a grave for him and buried him in it, but when morning came, it was seen that the earth had thrown him out. They dug the grave again and buried him, but when morning came, again it was seen that the earth had thrown him out. They dug the grave again and buried him, but the same thing happened: the earth threw him out. So they left him lying on the surface of the earth.
