الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الطب والرقي والعين والعدوى والتشاؤم والفال)Book of Medicine, Incantations, the Evil Eye, Contagion, Omens, and Good Signs
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي حَقِيقَةِ الطَّاعُوْنِ وَمَعْنَاهُ وَ شَهَادَةِ مَنْ مَاتَ بِهِ وَلَمْ يَفِرُّ مِنْهُ
Chapter on the Reality and Meaning of the Plague and the Martyrdom of One Who Dies from It and Does Not Flee
Hadith 7789
Under this chapter, the following sub-chapters and hadiths have been mentioned.
حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ الطَّاعُونَ وَقَعَ بِالشَّامِ فَقَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِنَّ هَذَا الرِّجْزَ قَدْ وَقَعَ فَفِرُّوا مِنْهُ فِي الشِّعَابِ وَالْأَوْدِيَةِ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ مُعَاذًا رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فَلَمْ يُصَدِّقْهُ بِالَّذِي قَالَ فَقَالَ بَلْ هُوَ شَهَادَةٌ وَرَحْمَةٌ وَدَعْوَةُ نَبِيِّكُمْ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ اللَّهُمَّ أَعْطِ مُعَاذًا وَأَهْلَهُ نَصِيبَهُمْ مِنْ رَحْمَتِكَ قَالَ أَبُو قِلَابَةَ فَعَرَفْتُ الشَّهَادَةَ وَعَرَفْتُ الرَّحْمَةَ وَلَمْ أَدْرِ مَا دَعْوَةُ نَبِيِّكُمْ حَتَّى أُنْبِئْتُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَمَا هُوَ ذَاتَ لَيْلَةٍ يُصَلِّي إِذْ قَالَ فِي دُعَائِهِ فَحُمَّى إِذًا أَوْ طَاعُونٌ فَحُمَّى إِذًا أَوْ طَاعُونٌ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ قَالَ لَهُ إِنْسَانٌ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَقَدْ سَمِعْتُكَ اللَّيْلَةَ تَدْعُو بِدُعَاءٍ قَالَ وَسَمِعْتَهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ إِنِّي سَأَلْتُ رَبِّي عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَنْ لَا يُهْلِكَ أُمَّتِي بِسَنَةٍ فَأَعْطَانِيهَا وَسَأَلْتُهُ أَنْ لَا يُسَلِّطَ عَلَيْهِمْ عَدُوًّا مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ فَيَسْتَبِيحَهُمْ فَأَعْطَانِيهَا وَسَأَلْتُهُ أَنْ لَا يُلْبِسَهُمْ شِيَعًا وَيُذِيقَ بَعْضَهُمْ بَأْسَ بَعْضٍ فَأَبَى عَلَيَّ أَوْ قَالَ فَمَنَعَنِيهَا فَقُلْتُ حُمَّى إِذًا أَوْ طَاعُونًا حُمَّى إِذًا أَوْ طَاعُونًا حُمَّى إِذًا أَوْ طَاعُونًا ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ
Ayub narrates from Abu Qalabah that a plague broke out in the region of Syria. Sayyiduna Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) said: This is a punishment that has arisen, so flee from it, go into the hills and valleys. But when this statement reached Sayyiduna Mu’adh (may Allah be pleased with him), he did not affirm it. He said: This is not a punishment, rather it is martyrdom and mercy, and it is the supplication of your Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). O Allah! Grant Mu’adh and his household a share of Your mercy. Abu Qalabah says: I understood martyrdom and mercy, but I did not know about Sayyiduna Mu’adh’s statement that this is the supplication of your Prophet. Later, I was informed that one night the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was praying, and in his supplication he repeated these words: Then fever or plague, then fever or plague. He repeated these words three times. When morning came, one of the members of the Prophet’s household asked: O Messenger of Allah! I heard a supplication from you last night that you were making. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Did you hear it? They said: Yes. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I asked my Lord not to destroy my Ummah by famine, and He accepted this request. I made a second request that He not impose upon them an enemy from others who would uproot them, and He accepted this request as well. And I also made a request that my Ummah not be divided into factions so that they begin to punish one another, but Allah Almighty did not accept this supplication. Then I also said that if (this supplication is not to be accepted), then afflict them with fever or plague, fever or plague, fever or plague. He said this three times.
Hadith 7790
عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَعْمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا أَنَّهَا أَخْبَرَتْهُ أَنَّهَا سَأَلَتْ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنِ الطَّاعُونِ فَأَخْبَرَهَا نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ عَذَابًا يَبْعَثُهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ فَجَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ رَحْمَةً لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَلَيْسَ مِنْ عَبْدٍ يَقَعُ الطَّاعُونُ فِيهِ فَيَمْكُثُ فِي بَلَدِهِ صَابِرًا مُحْتَسِبًا يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُصِبْهُ إِلَّا مَا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لَهُ إِلَّا كَانَ لَهُ مِثْلُ أَجْرِ الشَّهِيدِ
Lady Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates that she asked the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) about the plague. The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said that the plague is a punishment from Allah Almighty, which He inflicts upon whomsoever He wills, but Allah Almighty has made it a mercy for the believers. Any believing servant who is afflicted by the plague and remains in his area with patience and the intention of reward, and is certain that only that which Allah has decreed will befall him, then for him the reward of a martyr is written.
Hadith 7791
عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ يَسْأَلُ سَعْدًا رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ الطَّاعُونِ فَقَالَ أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَا أُحَدِّثُكَ عَنْهُ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ إِنَّ هَذَا عَذَابٌ أَوْ كَذَا أَرْسَلَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَى نَاسٍ قَبْلَكُمْ أَوْ طَائِفَةٍ مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ فَهُوَ يَجِيءُ أَحْيَانًا وَيَذْهَبُ أَحْيَانًا فَإِذَا وَقَعَ بِأَرْضٍ فَلَا تَدْخُلُوا عَلَيْهِ وَإِذَا وَقَعَ بِأَرْضٍ فَلَا تَخْرُجُوا فِرَارًا مِنْهُ
‘Aamir bin Sa’eed (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates that a man came and asked Sayyiduna Sa’d (may Allah be pleased with him) about the plague. Sayyiduna Usamah (may Allah be pleased with him) was also present. He said: I will tell you about it. I heard from the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), he (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: Allah Almighty sent the plague upon the people before you or upon a group from Bani Isra’il. Sometimes it comes and sometimes it goes. When the plague occurs in any area, do not enter it, and do not flee from it either.
Hadith 7792
عَنْ أَبِي عَسِيبٍ مَوْلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَتَانِي جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ بِالْحُمَّى وَالطَّاعُونِ فَأَمْسَكْتُ الْحُمَّى بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَأَرْسَلْتُ الطَّاعُونَ إِلَى الشَّامِ فَالطَّاعُونُ شَهَادَةٌ لِأُمَّتِي وَرَحْمَةٌ لَهُمْ وَرِجْسٌ عَلَى الْكَافِرِينَ
Narrated by Sayyiduna Abu Usaib (may Allah be pleased with him), who was a freed slave of the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Jibreel (peace be upon him) came to me with fever and plague. I kept the fever in Madinah and sent the plague to the region of Shaam. This plague is a mercy for the believers of my Ummah and a punishment for the disbelievers.
Hadith 7793
عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَنَاءُ أُمَّتِي بِالطَّعْنِ وَالطَّاعُونِ فَقِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَذَا الطَّعْنُ قَدْ عَرَفْنَاهُ فَمَا الطَّاعُونُ قَالَ وَخْزُ أَعْدَائِكُمْ مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَفِي كُلٍّ شُهَدَاءُ
Sayyiduna Abu Musa Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: The destruction of my Ummah will be through stabbing and plague. Someone asked: O Messenger of Allah! We know what stabbing is, but what is plague? He (peace and blessings be upon him) replied: It is the stabbing of your enemies from among the jinn. And (whether it is plague or stabbing) there are martyrs in each.
Hadith 7794
حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ عِلَاقَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي رَجُلٌ مِنْ قَوْمِي قَالَ شُعْبَةُ قَدْ كُنْتُ أَحْفَظُ اسْمَهُ قَالَ كُنَّا عَلَى بَابِ عُثْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ نَنْتَظِرُ الْإِذْنَ عَلَيْهِ فَسَمِعْتُ أَبَا مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيَّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَنَاءُ أُمَّتِي بِالطَّعْنِ وَالطَّاعُونِ قَالَ فَقُلْنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَذَا الطَّعْنُ قَدْ عَرَفْنَاهُ فَمَا الطَّاعُونُ قَالَ طَعْنُ أَعْدَائِكُمْ مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَفِي كُلٍّ شَهَادَةٌ قَالَ زِيَادٌ فَلَمْ أَرْضَ بِقَوْلِهِ فَسَأَلْتُ سَيِّدَ الْحَيِّ وَكَانَ مَعَهُمْ فَقَالَ صَدَقَ حَدَّثَنَاهُ أَبُو مُوسَى
Imam Shu’bah says: We were standing at the door of Sayyiduna ‘Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him), waiting for permission to enter. I heard Sayyiduna Abu Musa Ash’ari (may Allah be pleased with him) narrate that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: The destruction of my Ummah will be through stabbing and plague. We said: O Messenger of Allah! We know what stabbing is, but what is plague? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: It is the stabbing of your enemies from among the jinn, and in each there is martyrdom. Ziyad says: Their statement did not settle in my heart, so I asked the chief of the tribe who was with them at that time, and he confirmed it and said that this hadith was indeed narrated by Sayyiduna Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him).
Hadith 7795
عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ شَرِيكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ خَرَجْنَا فِي بِضْعَ عَشَرَةَ مِنْ بَنِي ثَعْلَبَةَ فَإِذَا نَحْنُ بِأَبِي مُوسَى رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فَإِذَا هُوَ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْ فَنَاءَ أُمَّتِي فِي الطَّاعُونِ فَذَكَرَهُ
Usamah bin Sharik says: Fourteen or fifteen of us from Banu Tha'labah set out, and suddenly we met Sayyiduna Abu Musa Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him). He narrated that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: O Allah! Cause the destruction of my people through plague. Then he narrated similar to the above-mentioned hadith.
Hadith 7796
عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ أَخِي أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْ فَنَاءَ أُمَّتِي فِي سَبِيلِكَ بِالطَّعْنِ وَالطَّاعُونِ
Sayyiduna Abu Musa Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: O Allah! Cause my Ummah to perish on Your path through stabbing and plague.
Hadith 7797
عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ غَنْمٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ لَمَّا وَقَعَ الطَّاعُونُ بِالشَّامِ خَطَبَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ إِنَّ هَذَا الطَّاعُونَ رِجْسٌ فَتَفَرَّقُوا عَنْهُ فِي هَذِهِ الشِّعَابِ وَفِي هَذِهِ الْأَوْدِيَةِ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ شُرَحْبِيلَ بْنَ حَسَنَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ فَغَضِبَ فَجَاءَ وَهُوَ يَجُرُّ ثَوْبَهُ مُعَلِّقٌ نَعْلَهُ بِيَدِهِ وَقَالَ صَحِبْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَعَمْرٌو أَضَلُّ مِنْ حِمَارِ أَهْلِهِ وَلَكِنَّهُ رَحْمَةُ رَبِّكُمْ وَدَعْوَةُ نَبِيِّكُمْ وَوَفَاةُ الصَّالِحِينَ قَبْلَكُمْ
Abdur Rahman bin Ghanm says: When the plague came to the region of Syria, Sayyiduna Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) delivered a sermon and said: This plague is a punishment, so scatter into the mountain passes and go into the valleys to escape from it. When this statement reached Sayyiduna Shurahbil bin Hasana (may Allah be pleased with him), he became angry, picked up his shoe in his hand, pulled his cloak, and came forward and said: I attained the honor of companionship with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) at a time when Amr was more astray than his family's donkey. This plague is the mercy of your Lord, the supplication of your Prophet, and it has been the cause of death for the righteous people before you.
Hadith 7798
وَمِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ عَنْ شُرَحْبِيلَ ابْنِ شُفْعَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ وَقَعَ الطَّاعُونُ فَقَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِنَّهُ رِجْسٌ فَتَفَرَّقُوا عَنْهُ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ شُرَحْبِيلَ بْنَ حَسَنَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ لَقَدْ صَحِبْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَعَمْرٌو أَضَلُّ مِنْ بَعِيرِ أَهْلِهِ إِنَّهُ دَعْوَةُ نَبِيِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ رَبِّكُمْ وَمَوْتُ الصَّالِحِينَ قَبْلَكُمْ فَاجْتَمِعُوا لَهُ وَلَا تَفَرَّقُوا عَنْهُ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْعَاصِ فَقَالَ صَدَقَ
(Second chain) Sharjeel bin Shaf’ah narrates that when the plague came, Sayyiduna Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) said: This is a punishment, so move away from it. When this statement reached Sayyiduna Sharjeel bin Hasnah (may Allah be pleased with him), he said: I was a companion of the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) at a time when this Amr was more astray than his household camel. This plague is the supplication of your Prophet and a mercy for you, and it has been the cause of death for the righteous people before you. So, remain together and do not disperse. When this statement reached Sayyiduna Amr (may Allah be pleased with him), he said: Sharjeel has spoken the truth.
Hadith 7799
وَمِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَالِثٍ أَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْعَاصِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ فِي الطَّاعُونِ فِي آخِرِ خُطْبَةٍ خَطَبَ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ إِنَّ هَذَا رِجْسٌ مِثْلُ السَّيْلِ مَنْ يَنْكُبْهُ أَخْطَأَهُ وَمِثْلُ النَّارِ مَنْ يَنْكُبْهَا أَخْطَأَتْهُ وَمَنْ أَقَامَ أَحْرَقَتْهُ وَآذَتْهُ فَقَالَ شُرَحْبِيلُ بْنُ حَسَنَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِنَّ هَذَا رَحْمَةُ رَبِّكُمْ وَدَعْوَةُ نَبِيِّكُمْ وَقَبْضُ الصَّالِحِينَ قَبْلَكُمْ
(Third chain) Sayyiduna Amr bin Aas (may Allah be pleased with him) mentioned something about the plague at the end of his sermon and said: It is a punishment like a flood; whoever escapes its reach, it will pass over him, and it is like fire; whoever stays away from it, it will go beyond him, and whoever remains in it, it will turn him to ashes, afflict him with torment. Sayyiduna Shurahbil bin Hasnah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: This is the supplication and mercy of your Prophet, and through it, righteous people have continued to pass away.
