الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب العددBook of Waiting Periods
نابُ أَيْنَ تَعْتَدُ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا وَهَلْ لَهَا نَفَقَةٌ أَمْ لَا؟
Chapter: Where the Widow Observes Her Waiting Period and Whether She Has Maintenance or Not
Hadith 7242
عَنْ فُرَيْعَةَ بِنْتِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ خَرَجَ زَوْجِي فِي طَلَبِ أَعْلَاجٍ لَهُ فَأَدْرَكَهُمْ بِطَرَفِ الْقَدُومِ فَقَتَلُوهُ فَأَتَانِي نَعْيُهُ وَأَنَا فِي دَارٍ شَاسِعَةٍ مِنْ دُورِ أَهْلِي فَأَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقُلْتُ إِنَّ نَعْيَ زَوْجِي أَتَانِي فِي دَارٍ شَاسِعَةٍ مِنْ دُورِ أَهْلِي وَلَمْ يَدَعْ لِي نَفَقَةً وَلَا مَالًا لِوَرَثَتِهِ وَلَيْسَ الْمَسْكَنُ لَهُ فَلَوْ تَحَوَّلْتُ إِلَى أَهْلِي وَأَخْوَالِي لَكَانَ أَرْفَقَ بِي فِي بَعْضِ شَأْنِي قَالَ تَحَوَّلِي فَلَمَّا خَرَجْتُ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ أَوْ إِلَى الْحُجْرَةِ دَعَانِي أَوْ أَمَرَ بِي فَدُعِيتُ فَقَالَ امْكُثِي فِي بَيْتِكِ الَّذِي أَتَاكِ فِيهِ نَعْيُ زَوْجِكِ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْكِتَابُ أَجَلَهُ قَالَتْ فَاعْتَدَدْتُ فِيهِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا قَالَتْ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيَّ عُثْمَانُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ فَأَخَذَ بِهِ
It is narrated from Sayyida Fari’ah bint Malik (may Allah be pleased with her), she says: My husband went out in search of his strong-bodied slaves who had run away. He found those slaves at the place of Qudum, but what happened was that they all together killed my husband. I received the news of my husband’s death in the house of my family, which was far from the settlement, and my husband had not left any provision for me, nor any wealth for the heirs, nor did he have his own house. I presented myself before the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) and explained all these matters, and I sought permission that if I moved to my maternal uncles’ house, it would be better for me. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: All right, move. When I left your presence and had only reached the mosque or the chamber, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) called me back and said: Stay in that same house until your waiting period (iddah) is completed, in which you received the news of your husband’s death. So I spent my waiting period of four months and ten days in that same house. During his caliphate, Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) sent a message to me; I informed him of this matter, and then he acted accordingly.
Hadith 7243
عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ زَوْجَ بَرِيرَةَ كَانَ عَبْدًا أَسْوَدَ يُسَمَّى مُغِيثًا قَالَ فَكُنْتُ أَرَاهُ يَتْبَعُهَا فِي سِكَكِ الْمَدِينَةِ يَعْصِرُ عَيْنَيْهِ عَلَيْهَا قَالَ وَقَضَى فِيهَا النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَرْبَعَ قَضِيَّاتٍ إِنَّ مَوَالِيَهَا اشْتَرَطُوا الْوَلَاءَ فَقَضَى النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْوَلَاءَ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ وَخَيَّرَهَا فَاخْتَارَتْ نَفْسَهَا فَأَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ (وَقَالَ هَمَّامٌ مَرَّةً عِدَّةَ الْحُرَّةِ) قَالَ وَتُصُدِّقَ عَلَيْهَا بِصَدَقَةٍ فَأَهْدَتْ مِنْهَا إِلَى عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ هُوَ عَلَيْهَا صَدَقَةٌ وَلَنَا هَدِيَّةٌ
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates that Sayyida Barirah’s (may Allah be pleased with her) husband was a black slave, he was called Mughith. I saw him weeping and shedding tears in the streets of Madinah, following behind Barirah. The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) made four decisions regarding Sayyida Barirah (may Allah be pleased with her): Her masters had stipulated the condition that the right of wala’ (allegiance) would remain with them, but the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) decided that the right of wala’ belongs to the one who sets free. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave Barirah the choice to stay with Mughith or not, and she chose herself. Thus, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered her to observe the waiting period (‘iddah) of a free woman. Charity was given to Sayyida Barirah (may Allah be pleased with her), and she gave some of it to Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) as well. When Sayyida Aisha mentioned this to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), he said: “It is charity for Barirah, and for us it is a gift.”
