الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الظهارBook of Zihar (Wife as Unlawful)
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي لَفْظِهِ وَسَيبه
Chapter: What Has Been Reported Regarding Its Wording and Its Like
Hadith 7191
عَنْ خَوْلَةَ بِنْتِ ثَعْلَبَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ وَاللَّهِ فِيَّ وَفِي أَوْسِ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ صَدْرَ سُورَةِ الْمُجَادَلَةِ قَالَتْ كُنْتُ عِنْدَهُ وَكَانَ شَيْخًا كَبِيرًا قَدْ سَاءَ خُلُقُهُ وَضَجِرَ قَالَتْ فَدَخَلَ عَلَيَّ يَوْمًا فَرَاجَعْتُهُ بِشَيْءٍ فَغَضِبَ فَقَالَ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي قَالَتْ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فَجَلَسَ فِي نَادِي قَوْمِهِ سَاعَةً ثُمَّ دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ فَإِذَا هُوَ يُرِيدُنِي عَلَى نَفْسِي قَالَتْ فَقُلْتُ كَلَّا وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ خَوْلَةَ بِيَدِهِ لَا تَخْلُصُ إِلَيَّ وَقَدْ قُلْتَ مَا قُلْتَ حَتَّى يَحْكُمَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ فِينَا بِحُكْمِهِ قَالَتْ فَوَاثَبَنِي وَامْتَنَعْتُ مِنْهُ فَغَلَبْتُهُ بِمَا تَغْلِبُ بِهِ الْمَرْأَةُ الشَّيْخَ الضَّعِيفَ فَأَلْقَيْتُهُ قَالَتْ ثُمَّ خَرَجْتُ إِلَى بَعْضِ جَارَاتِي فَاسْتَعَرْتُ مِنْهَا ثِيَابَهَا ثُمَّ خَرَجْتُ حَتَّى جِئْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَجَلَسْتُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ فَذَكَرْتُ لَهُ مَا لَقِيتُ مِنْهُ فَجَعَلْتُ أَشْكُو إِلَيْهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا أَلْقَى مِنْ سُوءِ خُلُقِهِ قَالَتْ فَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ يَا خَوْلَةُ ابْنُ عَمِّكِ شَيْخٌ كَبِيرٌ فَاتَّقِي اللَّهَ فِيهِ قَالَتْ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا بَرِحْتُ حَتَّى نَزَلَ فِيَّ الْقُرْآنُ فَتَغَشَّى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا كَانَ يَتَغَشَّاهُ ثُمَّ سُرِّيَ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ لِي يَا خَوْلَةُ قَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِيكِ وَفِي صَاحِبِكِ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ عَلَيَّ قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ يَسْمَعُ تَحَاوُرَكُمَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ بَصِيرٌ [المجادلة: 1] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ [المجادلة: 4] فَقَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُرِيهِ فَلْيُعْتِقْ رَقَبَةً قَالَتْ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا عِنْدَهُ مَا يُعْتِقُ قَالَ فَلْيَصُمْ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ قَالَتْ فَقُلْتُ وَاللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّهُ شَيْخٌ كَبِيرٌ مَا بِهِ مِنْ صِيَامٍ قَالَ فَلْيُطْعِمْ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا وَسْقًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ قَالَتْ قُلْتُ وَاللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا ذَلِكَ عِنْدَهُ قَالَتْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَإِنَّا سَنُعِينُهُ بِعَرَقٍ مِنْ تَمْرٍ قَالَتْ فَقُلْتُ وَأَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ سَأُعِينُهُ بِعَرَقٍ آخَرَ قَالَ قَدْ أَصَبْتِ وَأَحْسَنْتِ فَاذْهَبِي فَتَصَدَّقِي عَنْهُ ثُمَّ اسْتَوْصِي بِابْنِ عَمِّكِ خَيْرًا قَالَتْ فَفَعَلْتُ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ قَالَ أَبِي قَالَ سَعْدٌ الْعَرَقُ الصَّنُّ
Narrated by Sayyidah Khawlah bint Tha’labah (may Allah be pleased with her), she says: By Allah! The opening verses of Surah Al-Mujadilah were revealed concerning me and my husband, Sayyiduna Aws ibn Samit (may Allah be pleased with him). The details are that I was married to him; he was very old, and harshness and irritability had developed in him. One day he came to me, I argued with him about something, he became angry and said: “You are to me as the back of my mother.” Saying this, he went out and sat for a while in the gathering of his people, then returned and desired intimacy with me. I said: This will never happen! By the One in Whose hand is Khawlah’s soul! You cannot approach me, because you have said what you said; you have performed zihar. Now you can only come to me when Allah Almighty and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) decide according to their command. Hearing this, he jumped at me, but I managed to protect myself from him as he was very weak and old; I pushed him away from me. Then I went to a neighbor’s house, borrowed a sheet from her, wrapped myself in it, and went to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). I sat before him and narrated the entire incident that had happened with my husband. I complained to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) about the bad behavior I had suffered from my husband. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: O Khawlah! He is your cousin and has become very old, so fear Allah regarding him. But I persisted, and by Allah, I had not yet moved from my place when the Qur’an was revealed about me. The state of revelation came upon the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), which would cover him at the time of revelation. When that state passed, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: O Khawlah! Allah has revealed the Qur’an concerning you and your husband. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) recited these verses: {قَدْ سَمِعَ اللّٰہُ قَوْلَ الَّتِیْ تُجَادِلُکَ فِیْ زَوْجِہَا وَ تَشْتَکِیْ اِلَی اللّٰہِ، وَاللّٰہُ یَسْمَعُ تَحَاوُرَکُمَا اِنَّ اللّٰہَ سَمِیْعٌ بَصِیْرٌ … … وَلِلْکَافِرِیْنَ عَذَابٌ اَلِیْمٌ}. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Sayyidah Khawlah (may Allah be pleased with her): Tell your husband to free a slave, male or female, as expiation. I said: O Messenger of Allah! He does not have the means to free a slave. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Then he should fast for two consecutive months. I said: O Messenger of Allah! He is very old; he does not have the strength to fast. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Then he should feed sixty needy people with a wasq of dates. Khawlah said: O Messenger of Allah! He does not have that either. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I will help him with a basket of dates (the amount of which is about fifteen sa’). Sayyidah Khawlah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: O Messenger of Allah! I will also help him with a similar basket. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: You have made a correct decision and done very well. Now go and give charity on his behalf, and now treat your cousin well. So I did so. Sa’d, the narrator, said: ‘Iraq’ means a box or a basket.
