الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
بيان موانع النكاحExplanation of Impediments to Marriage
بيانُ خِيَارِ الأَمَةِ بَعْدَ عِتْقِهَا إِذَا كَانَتْ زَوْجَةَ عَبْدٍ
Chapter: Clarification of the Choice of the Slave Woman After Her Emancipation If She Was the Wife of a Slave
Hadith 7021
عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رِجَالًا يَتَحَدَّثُونَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ إِذَا عُتِقَتِ الْأَمَةُ فَهِيَ بِالْخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَطَأْهَا إِنْ شَاءَتْ فَارَقَتْهُ وَإِنْ وَطِئَهَا فَلَا خِيَارَ لَهَا وَلَا تَسْتَطِيعُ فِرَاقَهُ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Amr bin Umayyah Damri, may Allah be pleased with him, he says: I heard some people narrating from the Noble Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, that he said: When a slave woman is set free, she is given the choice, as long as her husband has not had intercourse with her. If she wishes, she can separate from him, and if he has had intercourse with her, then her choice is terminated and she no longer has the power to separate from him.
Hadith 7022
عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِيِّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رِجَالًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَتَحَدَّثُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ إِذَا أُعْتِقَتِ الْأَمَةُ وَهِيَ تَحْتَ الْعَبْدِ فَأَمْرُهَا بِيَدِهَا فَإِنْ هِيَ أَقَرَّتْ حَتَّى يَطَأَهَا فَهِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ لَا تَسْتَطِيعُ فِرَاقَهُ
Sayyiduna Amr bin Umayyah Damri (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I heard from some of the noble Companions (may Allah be pleased with them), they narrated that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: When a slave woman is set free, while she was previously the wife of a slave, then she is given the choice. If she remains in his house, until he has intercourse with her, then she will remain his wife and cannot be separated from him.
Hadith 7023
حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ اشْتَرَيْتُ بَرِيرَةَ فَاشْتَرَطَ أَهْلُهَا وَلَاءَهَا فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ اشْتَرِيهَا فَأَعْتِقِيهَا فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْطَى الْوَرِقَ قَالَتْ فَاشْتَرَيْتُهَا فَأَعْتَقْتُهَا قَالَتْ فَدَعَاهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَخَيَّرَهَا مِنْ زَوْجِهَا فَاخْتَارَتْ نَفْسَهَا وَكَانَ زَوْجُهَا حُرًّا
Narrated from Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), she said: I wanted to free Barirah, but her owners set the condition that the wala’ (right of inheritance/loyalty) would remain with them. When I informed the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) of this, he said: Indeed, buy her and set her free, for wala’ is only for the one who spends the silver (i.e., pays the price). So I bought her and set her free. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called her and gave her the choice regarding her husband. She accepted this choice; her husband was a free man.
Hadith 7024
حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا مِثْلُ حَدِيثِ مَنْصُورٍ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ كَانَ زَوْجُهَا عَبْدًا وَلَوْ كَانَ حُرًّا لَمْ يُخَيِّرْهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ
Narrated from Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), … this hadith is like the hadith of Mansur, except that in it is: And her husband was a slave; if he had been free, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would not have given her the choice.
Hadith 7025
عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ فِي حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَيْضًا قَالَتْ وَكَانَتْ أَيْ بَرِيرَةُ تَحْتَ عَبْدٍ فَلَمَّا أَعْتَقْتُهَا قَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ اخْتَارِي فَإِنْ شِئْتِ أَنْ تَمْكُثِي تَحْتَ هَذَا الْعَبْدِ وَإِنْ شِئْتِ أَنْ تُفَارِقِيهِ
It is narrated from Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), this is a long hadith, and among it was this: Sayyida Barirah (may Allah be pleased with her) was the wife of a slave. When I (Aisha) set her free, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to her: You have been given the choice; if you wish, you may remain under the authority of that slave, and if you wish, you may separate.
Hadith 7026
وَعَنْهُ أَيْضًا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّ بَرِيرَةَ كَانَتْ مُكَاتَبَةً وَكَانَ زَوْجُهَا مَمْلُوكًا فَلَمَّا أُعْتِقَتْ خُيِّرَتْ
It is also narrated from Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that Sayyidah Barirah had a contract of emancipation, and her husband was a slave. When she was set free, she was given the choice.
Hadith 7027
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ لَمَّا خُيِّرَتْ بَرِيرَةُ رَأَيْتُ زَوْجَهَا يَتْبَعُهَا فِي سِكَكِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَدُمُوعُهُ تَسِيلُ عَلَى لِحْيَتِهِ فَكُلِّمَ الْعَبَّاسُ لِيُكَلِّمَ فِيهِ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِبَرِيرَةَ إِنَّهُ زَوْجُكِ فَقَالَتْ تَأْمُرُنِي بِهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ إِنَّمَا أَنَا شَافِعٌ قَالَ فَخَيَّرَهَا فَاخْتَارَتْ نَفْسَهَا وَكَانَ عَبْدًا لِآلِ الْمُغِيرَةِ
Narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, he says: When Barirah was given the choice, I saw that her husband was following her in the streets of Madinah, and his tears were flowing down his beard. Someone spoke to Sayyiduna Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, to speak to the Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, about Barirah. So the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said to her: "Barirah! This is your husband." Lady Barirah said: "O Messenger of Allah! Are you commanding me?" The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "I am only interceding." So the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, gave her the choice, and she accepted this choice. Her husband was a slave of the family of Mughira.
