الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
مسائل القضاء والشهاداتIssues of Judiciary and Testimonies
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي القَاضِي يُصِيبُ وَيُخْطِى ، وَأَجْرُ الْقَاضِي الْمُجْتَهِدِ وَكَيْفَ يَقْضِى
Chapter: What has been reported regarding the judge who is correct and who errs, the reward of the diligent judge, and how he should judge
Hadith 6386
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَصْمَانِ يَخْتَصِمَانِ، فَقَالَ لِعَمْرٍو: ((اقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا يَا عَمْرُو!)) فَقَالَ: أَنْتَ أَوْلَى بِذَلِكَ مِنِّي يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ: ((وَإِنْ كَانَ)) قَالَ: فَإِذَا قَضَيْتُ بَيْنَهُمَا فَمَا لِي؟ قَالَ: ((إِذَا أَنْتَ قَضَيْتَ فَأَصَبْتَ الْقَضَاءَ فَلَكَ عَشْرُ حَسَنَاتٍ، وَإِنْ أَنْتَ اجْتَهَدْتَ فَأَخْطَأْتَ فَلَكَ حَسَنَةٌ))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Amr bin Aas (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: Two men brought a dispute to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to me: O Amr! Decide between them. I said: O Messenger of Allah! You are more deserving of this matter. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Even though I am. I said: If I decide between them, what will I get? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: If you judge and reach the correct conclusion, you will get ten good deeds, and if you make a mistake in your judgment and err, you will get one good deed.
Hadith 6387
وَعَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِثْلُهُ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: ((فَإِنِ اجْتَهَدْتَ فَأَصَبْتَ الْقَضَاءَ فَلَكَ عَشَرَةُ أُجُورٍ، وَإِنِ اجْتَهَدْتَ فَأَخْطَأْتَ فَلَكَ أَجْرٌ وَاحِدٌ))
Sayyiduna Uqbah bin Amir (may Allah be pleased with him) also narrated a similar hadith from the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), except that in it, he said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: If you exercise ijtihad and reach the correct decision, you will receive ten rewards, and if you exercise ijtihad and make a mistake, you will receive one reward.
Hadith 6388
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو إِنَّ خَصْمَيْنِ اخْتَصَمَا إِلَى عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ فَقَضَى بَيْنَهُمَا، فَسَخِطَ الْمَقْضِيُّ عَلَيْهِ فَأَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَخْبَرَهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((إِذَا قَضَى الْقَاضِي فَاجْتَهَدَ فَأَصَابَ فَلَهُ عَشَرَةُ أُجُورٍ، وَإِذَا اجْتَهَدَ فَأَخْطَأَ كَانَ لَهُ أَجْرٌ أَوْ أَجْرَانِ))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with them both) that two men brought their case to Sayyiduna Amr bin Aas (may Allah be pleased with him). He judged between them, and the one against whom the decision was made became upset and went to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and complained. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: When a judge gives a verdict and strives with full effort and makes the correct decision, he receives ten rewards, and if he makes a mistake despite his full effort, he still receives one or two rewards.
Hadith 6389
عَنِ ابْنِ قَيْسٍ مَوْلَى عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: ((إِذَا حَكَمَ الْحَاكِمُ فَاجْتَهَدَ فَأَصَابَ فَلَهُ أَجْرَانِ، وَإِذَا حَكَمَ فَاجْتَهَدَ فَأَخْطَأَ فَلَهُ أَجْرٌ)) قَالَ: فَحَدَّثْتُ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، قَالَ: هَكَذَا حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ
Narrated from Sayyiduna Amr bin Al-Aas (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: When a judge strives with full effort and reaches the correct decision, he receives two rewards, and when he makes a mistake despite striving with full effort, he receives one reward. This hadith is also narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him).
Hadith 6390
عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ بَعَثَهُ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ فَقَالَ: ((كَيْفَ تَصْنَعُ إِنْ عَرَضَ لَكَ قَضَاءٌ؟)) قَالَ: أَقْضِي بِمَا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، قَالَ: ((فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ؟)) قَالَ: فَبِسُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ: ((فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟)) قَالَ: أَجْتَهِدُ رَأْيِي، لَا آلُو، قَالَ: فَضَرَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ صَدْرِي ثُمَّ قَالَ: ((الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي وَفَّقَ رَسُولَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ لِمَا يُرْضِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent him as a governor to Yemen, he (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "When a case is presented before you, how will you decide?" He said: "I will decide according to the Book of Allah." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If the matter is not found in the Book of Allah, then what?" He said: "Then I will decide in the light of the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If you do not find it in the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah either, then what?" He said: "Then I will exercise my own judgment (ijtihad) and I will not fall short in doing so." Upon hearing this, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) patted the chest of Sayyiduna Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: "All praise is due to Allah, Who has granted the messenger of the Messenger of Allah the ability to do that which pleases the Messenger of Allah."
Hadith 6391
عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ (يَعْنِي قَاضِيًا) وَأَنَا حَدِيثُ السِّنِ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ: تَبْعَثُنِي إِلَى قَوْمٍ يَكُونُ بَيْنَهُمْ أَحْدَاثٌ وَلَا عِلْمَ لِي بِالْقَضَاءِ، قَالَ: ((إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَيَهْدِي لِسَانَكَ وَيُثَبِّتُ قَلْبَكَ)) قَالَ: فَمَا شَكَكْتُ فِي قَضَاءٍ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) appointed me as a judge to Yemen, while I was still young, so I said: O Messenger of Allah! You are sending me to a people among whom new matters arise, and I do not have knowledge of judging. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Allah Almighty will guide your tongue and strengthen your heart. After that, I never felt any doubt or uncertainty when deciding between two people.
