الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
مسائل الوصاياIssues of Bequests
بَاب جَوَازِ تَبَرُّعَاتِ الْمَرِيضِ مِنَ التَّلْثِ فَأَقَلَّ وَمَنْعِهِ مِنَ الرِّيَادَةِ عَلَيْهِ
Chapter: Permissibility of a sick person donating up to a third, and prohibition of exceeding that
Hadith 6324
عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ كُنْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ فَمَرِضْتُ مَرَضًا أَشْفَيْتُ عَلَى الْمَوْتِ فَعَادَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ لِي مَالًا كَثِيرًا وَلَيْسَ يَرِثُنِي إِلَّا ابْنَةٌ لِي أَفَأُوصِي بِثُلُثَيْ مَالِي قَالَ لَا قُلْتُ بِشَطْرِ مَالِي قَالَ لَا قُلْتُ بِثُلُثِ مَالِي قَالَ الثُّلُثُ وَالثُّلُثُ كَثِيرٌ إِنَّكَ يَا سَعْدُ أَنْ تَدَعَ وَرَثَتَكَ أَغْنِيَاءَ خَيْرٌ لَكَ مِنْ أَنْ تَدَعَهُمْ عَالَةً يَتَكَفَّفُونَ النَّاسَ إِنَّكَ يَا سَعْدُ لَنْ تُنْفِقَ نَفَقَةً تَبْتَغِي بِهَا وَجْهَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى إِلَّا أُجِرْتَ عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى اللُّقْمَةَ تَجْعَلُهَا فِي فِي امْرَأَتِكَ قَالَ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أُخَلَّفُ بَعْدَ أَصْحَابِي قَالَ إِنَّكَ لَنْ تَتَخَلَّفَ فَتَعْمَلَ عَمَلًا تَبْتَغِي بِهِ وَجْهَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى إِلَّا ازْدَدْتَ بِهِ دَرَجَةً وَرِفْعَةً وَلَعَلَّكَ تُخَلَّفُ حَتَّى يَنْفَعَ اللَّهُ بِكَ أَقْوَامًا وَيَضُرَّ بِكَ آخَرِينَ اللَّهُمَّ أَمْضِ لِأَصْحَابِي هِجْرَتَهُمْ وَلَا تَرُدَّهُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِهِمْ لَكِنَّ الْبَائِسَ سَعْدُ بْنُ خَوْلَةَ رَثَى لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَكَانَ مَاتَ بِمَكَّةَ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Sa’d bin Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: I was with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) at the time of the Farewell Pilgrimage. It happened that I became ill and it seemed that death was near. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to visit me for my care. I said: O Messenger of Allah! I am a man with much wealth and only my one daughter will inherit from me, so should I not bequeath two-thirds of my wealth? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: No. I said: Should I bequeath half of my wealth? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: No. I said: A third of my wealth? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Yes, a third is fine, and even that is much. O Sa’d! If you leave your heirs wealthy, that is better than leaving them in such poverty that they go around asking people. O Sa’d! Whatever you spend seeking Allah’s pleasure, you will be rewarded for it, even the morsel you put in your wife’s mouth, you will be rewarded for that too. Sayyiduna Sa’d (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah! Will I remain in Mecca after my companions (because of this illness)? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: If you remain, and whatever deed you do seeking Allah’s pleasure, your ranks will be raised through it. It may be that you live on, so that Allah benefits some people through you and harms others. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed: O Allah! Complete the migration of my companions and do not turn them back on their heels, but poor Sa’d bin Khawlah. In fact, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) felt pity for Sayyiduna Sa’d (may Allah be pleased with him) because he had died in Mecca.
Hadith 6325
عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَالَ سَعْدٌ فِيَّ سَنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ الثُّلُثَ أَتَانِي يَعُودُنِي قَالَ فَقَالَ لِي أَوْصَيْتَ قَالَ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ جَعَلْتُ مَالِي كُلَّهُ فِي الْفُقَرَاءِ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ قَالَ لَا تَفْعَلْ قُلْتُ إِنَّ وَرَثَتِي أَغْنِيَاءُ قُلْتُ الثُّلُثَيْنِ قَالَ لَا قُلْتُ فَالشَّطْرَ قَالَ لَا قُلْتُ الثُّلُثَ قَالَ الثُّلُثُ وَالثُّلُثُ كَثِيرٌ
It is narrated from Abu Abdur Rahman Salmi that Sayyiduna Sa’d (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The method of bequeathing one third of the wealth was established with me by the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came to me to visit me during my illness and said: Have you made a will? I replied: Yes, I have, and I have allocated all my wealth for the poor, the needy, and travelers. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Do not do so. I said: All my heirs are wealthy, so should I bequeath two thirds of my wealth? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: No. I said: Should I bequeath half of my wealth? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: No. I said: Should I bequeath one third of my wealth? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Yes, you may bequeath one third, but even that is much.
Hadith 6326
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ لَوْ أَنَّ النَّاسَ غَضُّوا مِنَ الثُّلُثِ إِلَى الرُّبُعِ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ الثُّلُثُ كَثِيرٌ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, he says: I wish that people would choose to bequeath one-fourth of their wealth instead of one-third, because the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, had said: Bequeathing one-third is also too much.
Hadith 6327
عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَصَدَّقَ عَلَيْكُمْ بِثُلُثِ أَمْوَالِكُمْ عِنْدَ وَفَاتِكُمْ
Narrated by Sayyiduna Abu Darda (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Indeed, Allah Almighty has permitted you to give one third of your wealth in charity at the time of your death.
Hadith 6328
عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَعْتَقَ سِتَّةَ مَمْلُوكِينَ لَهُ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ مَالٌ غَيْرُهُمْ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ لَقَدْ هَمَمْتُ أَنْ لَا أُصَلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ ثُمَّ دَعَا بِالرَّقِيقِ فَجَزَّأَهُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَجْزَاءٍ فَأَعْتَقَ اثْنَيْنِ وَأَرَقَّ أَرْبَعَةً
Narrated from Sayyiduna Imran bin Husain (may Allah be pleased with him) that an Ansari man, at the time of his death, freed six slaves, while he had no other wealth besides them. When this matter reached the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), he said: I intended not to perform his funeral prayer. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) called those slaves, divided them into three parts, and (by drawing lots) freed two of them and left four as slaves.
Hadith 6329
(وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ) أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَعْتَقَ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ سِتَّةَ رَقَبَةٍ لَهُ فَجَاءَ وَرَثَتُهُ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ فَأَخْبَرُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَمَّا صَنَعَ قَالَ قَدْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ لَوْ عَلِمْنَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا صَلَّيْتُ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ فَأَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَأَعْتَقَ مِنْهُمُ اثْنَيْنِ وَرَدَّ أَرْبَعَةً فِي الرِّقِّ
(Second chain) A man freed six slaves at the time of his death. When his Bedouin heirs informed the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, of what he had done, he, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Did he really do that?" Then he, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "If I had known beforehand, then, if Allah wills, I would not have performed his funeral prayer." Then he, peace and blessings be upon him, cast lots among the slaves and freed two of them, leaving four as slaves.
Hadith 6330
عَنْ أَبِي زَيْدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَحْوَهُ
Sayyiduna Abu Zaid Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated a similar hadith from the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him and his family).
Hadith 6331
عَنْ ذَيَّالِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ حَنْظَلَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ حَنْظَلَةَ بْنَ حِذْيَمٍ جَدِّي أَنَّ جَدَّهُ حَنِيفَةَ قَالَ لِحِذْيَمٍ اجْمَعْ لِي بَنِيَّ فَإِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُوصِيَ فَجَمَعَهُمْ فَقَالَ إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا أُوصِي أَنَّ لِيَتِيمِي هَذَا الَّذِي فِي حِجْرِي مِائَةً مِنَ الْإِبِلِ الَّتِي كُنَّا نُسَمِّيهَا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ الْمُطَيَّبَةَ فَقَالَ حِذْيَمٌ يَا أَبَتِ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ بَنِيكَ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّمَا نُقِرُّ بِهَذَا عِنْدَ أَبِينَا فَإِذَا مَاتَ رَجَعْنَا فِيهِ قَالَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ حِذْيَمٌ رَضِينَا فَارْتَفَعَ حِذْيَمٌ وَحَنِيفَةُ وَحَنْظَلَةُ مَعَهُمْ غُلَامٌ وَهُوَ رَدِيفٌ لِحِذْيَمٍ فَلَمَّا أَتَوُا النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَلَّمُوا عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَمَا رَفَعَكَ يَا أَبَا حِذْيَمٍ فَقَالَ هَذَا وَضَرَبَ بِيَدِهِ عَلَى فَخِذِ حِذْيَمٍ فَقَالَ إِنِّي خَشِيتُ أَنْ يَفْجَأَنِي الْمَوْتُ فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ أُوصِيَ وَإِنِّي قُلْتُ إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا أُوصِي أَنَّ لِيَتِيمِي هَذَا الَّذِي فِي حِجْرِي مِائَةً مِنَ الْإِبِلِ كُنَّا نُسَمِّيهَا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ الْمُطَيَّبَةَ فَغَضِبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى رَأَيْنَا الْغَضَبَ فِي وَجْهِهِ وَكَانَ قَاعِدًا فَجَثَا عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ وَقَالَ لَا لَا لَا الصَّدَقَةُ خَمْسٌ وَإِلَّا فَعَشْرٌ وَإِلَّا فَخَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ وَإِلَّا فَعِشْرُونَ وَإِلَّا فَخَمْسٌ وَعِشْرُونَ وَإِلَّا فَثَلَاثُونَ وَإِلَّا فَخَمْسٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ فَإِنْ كَثُرَتْ فَأَرْبَعُونَ قَالَ فَوَدَّعُوهُ وَمَعَ الْيَتِيمِ عَصًا وَهُوَ يَضْرِبُ جَمَلًا فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَظُمَتْ هَذِهِ هِرَاوَةُ يَتِيمٍ قَالَ حَنْظَلَةُ فَدَنَوْتُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ إِنَّ لِي بَنِينَ ذَوِي لِحًى وَدُونَ ذَلِكَ وَأَنَّ ذَا أَصْغَرَهُمْ فَادْعُ اللَّهَ لَهُ فَمَسَحَ رَأْسَهُ وَقَالَ بَارَكَ اللَّهُ فِيكَ أَوْ بُورِكَ فِيهِ قَالَ ذَيَّالٌ فَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ حَنْظَلَةَ يُؤْتَى بِالْإِنْسَانِ الْوَارِمِ وَجْهُهُ أَوِ الْبَهِيمَةِ الْوَارِمَةِ الضَّرْعُ فَيَتْفُلُ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ وَيَقُولُ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ وَيَضَعُ يَدَهُ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ وَيَقُولُ عَلَى مَوْضِعِ كَفِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَيَمْسَحُهُ عَلَيْهِ وَقَالَ ذَيَّالٌ فَيَذْهَبُ الْوَرَمُ
Hanzalah bin Huzaym (may Allah be pleased with them) narrates: My grandfather, Sayyiduna Hanifah (may Allah be pleased with him), said to his son, Sayyiduna Huzaym (may Allah be pleased with him): O my son! Gather all my sons in one place, I wish to make a bequest to them. He gathered them, then Sayyiduna Hanifah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: My very first bequest is that the orphan under my care, I give him one hundred camels; in the days of ignorance, we used to call this gift "Mutayyibah." Sayyiduna Huzaym (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O father! My brothers are saying that as long as our father is alive, we will abide by this, but when he passes away, we will take this gift back. Sayyiduna Hanifah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Then the one to decide between me and you is the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Sayyiduna Huzaym (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We agreed to this. So Sayyiduna Huzaym, Sayyiduna Hanifah, Sayyiduna Hanzalah (may Allah be pleased with them), and a slave sitting behind Sayyiduna Huzaym set out. When they came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), they greeted him with salam. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: O Abu Huzaym! For what have you come? Sayyiduna Hanifah (may Allah be pleased with him), striking Sayyiduna Huzaym (may Allah be pleased with him) on the thigh, said: This Huzaym is the reason for coming; the detail is that I feared that death may come suddenly, so I intended to make a bequest and said: My first bequest is that I give one hundred camels to the child under my care; in the time of ignorance, we used to call this gift "Mutayyibah." Upon hearing this, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) became angry, and signs of anger appeared on his face. He (peace and blessings be upon him) was sitting at first, but now he sat on his knees and said: No, no, no, this will never happen. Give five camels in charity, or ten, or fifteen, or then twenty, otherwise twenty-five, if you want to give more, then thirty, otherwise thirty-five, and if you want to give a lot, then forty. Then they bid farewell to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). The orphan child had a stick, with which he used to strike the camel. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: How big the orphan's stick has become. Sayyiduna Hanzalah (may Allah be pleased with him) says: My father made me sit near the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: Some of my sons have beards and some do not, and this one is the youngest; please pray for him. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) placed his hand on the head of Sayyiduna Hanzalah (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: May Allah bless you, or may blessing be placed in you. Dhiyal says: I myself saw that people with swollen faces were brought to Sayyiduna Hanzalah, and likewise animals were brought whose udders were swollen, but when he spat on his hand, said "Bismillah," placed his hand on the spot of his head where the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had placed his hand, and then passed that hand over the swollen area, Dhiyal says: Thus, the swelling would go away.
