الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب المساقاة والمزارعة وكراء الأرضBook of Sharecropping, Agricultural Partnerships, and Land Leasing
بَابُ حُجَّةِ مَنْ مَنَعَ كِرَاءَ الْأَرْضِ بِبَعْضِ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا إِلَّا بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ
Chapter: The evidence of those who prohibit renting land for a share of its produce except for gold and silver
Hadith 6122
عَنْ حَنْظَلَةَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ كِرَاءِ الْمَزَارِعِ قَالَ قُلْتُ بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ قَالَ لَا إِنَّمَا نَهَى عَنْهُ بِبَعْضِ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا فَأَمَّا بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Rafi’ bin Khadij (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade leasing out fields. Hanzalah said: What if it is given in exchange for gold and silver? He replied: No, it is only forbidden to give land in exchange for a portion of its produce. There is no harm in leasing land for gold and silver.
Hadith 6123
حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ قَالَ ثَنَا شُعْبَةُ قَالَ الْحَكَمُ أَخْبَرَنِي عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ عَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنِ الْحَقْلِ قُلْتُ وَمَا الْحَقْلُ قَالَ الثُّلُثُ وَالرُّبُعُ فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ ذَلِكَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ كَرِهَ الثُّلُثَ وَالرُّبُعَ وَلَمْ يَرَ بَأْسًا بِالْأَرْضِ الْبَيْضَاءِ يَأْخُذُهَا بِالدَّرَاهِمِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Rafi’ bin Khadij (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade muhaqalah. Imam Shu’bah says: I asked Hakam what muhaqalah is. He said: To cultivate land on the basis of a third or a fourth share. When Ibrahim heard this, he disliked cultivating land on the basis of a third or a fourth share, but he did not see any harm in taking barren land in exchange for dirhams.
Hadith 6124
عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ لَأَنْ يَمْنَحَ أَحَدُكُمْ أَخَاهُ أَرْضَهُ خَيْرٌ لَهُ مِنْ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ عَلَيْهَا كَذَا وَكَذَا لِشَيْءٍ مَعْلُومٍ قَالَ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَهُوَ الْحَقْلُ بِلِسَانِ الْأَنْصَارِ الْمُحَاقَلَةُ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, that he said: If a man gives land to his brother as a gift, it is better than taking something specific in exchange for it. Then Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, said: This is called "haql" and in the language of the Ansar, it is called "muhaqala."
Hadith 6125
عَنْ حَنْظَلَةَ الزُّرَقِيِّ عَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ النَّاسَ كَانُوا يُكْرُونَ الْمَزَارِعَ فِي زَمَانِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالْمَاذِيَانَاتِ وَمَا سَقَى الرَّبِيعُ وَشَيْءٍ مِنَ التِّبْنِ فَكَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ كِرَاءَ الْمَزَارِعِ بِهَذَا وَنَهَى عَنْهَا وَقَالَ رَافِعٌ وَلَا بَأْسَ بِكِرَائِهَا بِالدَّرَاهِمِ وَالدَّنَانِيرِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Rafi’ bin Khadij (may Allah be pleased with him) that during the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), people used to lease out fields for crops irrigated by large canals, for crops irrigated by small canals, and for some fodder or straw. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) disliked this method of leasing fields and forbade it. Then Sayyiduna Rafi’ (may Allah be pleased with him) said: However, there is no harm in leasing for dirhams and dinars.
Hadith 6126
(وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ) عَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي عَمِّي أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُكْرُونَ الْأَرْضَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمَا يَنْبُتُ عَلَى الْأَرْبِعَاءِ وَشَيْءٍ مِنَ الزَّرْعِ يَسْتَثْنِيهِ صَاحِبُ الزَّرْعِ فَنَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقُلْتُ لِرَافِعٍ كَيْفَ كِرَاؤُهَا أَبِالدِّينَارِ وَالدِّرْهَمِ فَقَالَ رَافِعٌ لَيْسَ بِهَا بَأْسٌ بِالدِّينَارِ وَالدِّرْهَمِ
(Second chain) It is narrated from Sayyiduna Rafi’ bin Khadij (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: My uncle told me that in the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), people used to lease land in exchange for crops growing around small canals and some cultivation which the owner would exclude, but the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade this. I (Hanzalah) said to Sayyiduna Rafi’ (may Allah be pleased with him): Then how should land be leased? Is it permissible for dirhams and dinars? He said: There is no harm in leasing cultivation in exchange for dirhams and dinars.
Hadith 6127
عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ أَصْحَابَ الْمَزَارِعِ فِي زَمَانِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانُوا يُكْرُونَ مَزَارِعَهُمْ بِمَا يَكُونُ عَلَى السَّوَاقِي مِنَ الزَّرْعِ وَمَا سَعِدَ بِالْمَاءِ مِمَّا حَوْلَ الْبِئْرِ فَجَاءُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَاخْتَصَمُوا فِي بَعْضِ ذَلِكَ فَنَهَاهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يُكْرُوا بِذَلِكَ وَقَالَ اكْرُوا بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ
Narrated by Sayyiduna Sa’d bin Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him): In the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), the owners of fields used to lease their lands in exchange for that portion of land where water channels flowed or around wells where water would rise by itself. But when they brought some disputes regarding these matters to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), he forbade them from leasing land in this manner and said: Lease land in exchange for gold and silver.
