الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب المساقاة والمزارعة وكراء الأرضBook of Sharecropping, Agricultural Partnerships, and Land Leasing
باب مَا جَاءَ فِي الْمُسَاقَاةِ وَالْمُزَارَعَةِ
Chapter: What has been reported regarding musaqat (sharecropping of trees) and muzara’ah (sharecropping of land)
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Hadith 6104
عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَجْلَى الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى مِنْ أَرْضِ الْحِجَازِ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمَّا ظَهَرَ عَلَى خَيْبَرَ أَرَادَ إِخْرَاجَ الْيَهُودِ مِنْهَا وَكَانَتِ الْأَرْضُ حِينَ ظَهَرَ عَلَيْهَا لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى وَلِرَسُولِهِ وَلِلْمُسْلِمِينَ فَأَرَادَ إِخْرَاجَ الْيَهُودِ مِنْهَا فَسَأَلَتِ الْيَهُودُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يُقِرَّهُمْ بِهَا عَلَى أَنْ يَكْفُوا عَمَلَهَا وَلَهُمْ نِصْفُ الثَّمَرِ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ نُقِرُّكُمْ بِهَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ مَا شِئْنَا فَقَرُّوا بِهَا حَتَّى أَجْلَاهُمْ عُمَرُ إِلَى تَيْمَاءَ وَأَرِيحَاءَ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) exiled the Jews and Christians from Hijaz. The details are as follows: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) took control of the region of Khaybar, he intended to expel the Jews from there, because after the conquest, the land had become the property of Allah Almighty, His Messenger, and the Muslims. So when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) intended to expel the Jews from there, they requested the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to allow them to stay there on the condition that they would work in exchange for half of the produce. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Fine, we will keep you here as long as we wish. So they remained there until Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) exiled them towards Tayma and Ariha.
Hadith 6105
عَنْ بُشَيْرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنْ رِجَالٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَدْرَكَهُمْ يَذْكُرُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ ظَهَرَ عَلَى خَيْبَرَ وَصَارَتْ خَيْبَرُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَالْمُسْلِمِينَ ضَعُفَ عَنْ عَمَلِهَا فَدَفَعُوهَا إِلَى الْيَهُودِ يَقُومُونَ عَلَيْهَا وَيُنْفِقُونَ عَلَيْهَا عَلَى أَنَّ لَهُمْ نِصْفَ مَا خَرَجَ مِنْهَا الْحَدِيثَ
It is narrated from Basheer bin Yasaar that he found several Companions mentioning in this way that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) prevailed over Khaybar and Khaybar became the property of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Muslims, since he (and the Companions) themselves were too weak to work in it, he entrusted it to the Jews so that they would supervise it and spend on it, and in return, they would receive half of its fruits. (al-Hadith)
Hadith 6106
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ دَفَعَ خَيْبَرَ أَرْضَهَا وَنَخْلَهَا مُقَاسَمَةً عَلَى النِّصْفِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave the land and dates of Khaybar to the Jews on the basis of half and half share.
Hadith 6107
۔ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ نَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَلَ أَهْلَ خَيْبَرَ بِشَطْرِ مَا خَرَجَ مِنْ زَرْعٍ أَوْ ثَمَرِ الْحَدِيثَ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) made an agreement with the people of Khaybar for half of the produce, whether it be crops or fruits. Al-Hadith.
