الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب السلم كتاب القرض والدينBook of Salam, Loans, and Debts
بَابُ مَنِ اسْتَدَانَ لِكَارِثَةٍ أَوْ حَاجَةٍ ضَرُورِيَّةِ نَاوِيا الْوَفَاء وَلَمْ يَجِدُ وَلَّى اللهُ عَنْهُ
Chapter: One who takes a loan for a disaster or necessity, intending to repay, but cannot, Allah will absolve him
Hadith 6041
عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ يَدْعُو اللَّهُ بِصَاحِبِ الدَّيْنِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ حَتَّى يُوقَفَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ فَيُقَالُ يَا ابْنَ آدَمَ فِيمَ أَخَذْتَ هَذَا الدَّيْنَ وَفِيمَ ضَيَّعْتَ حُقُوقَ النَّاسِ فَيَقُولُ يَا رَبِّ إِنَّكَ تَعْلَمُ أَنِّي أَخَذْتُهُ فَلَمْ آكُلْ وَلَمْ أَشْرَبْ وَلَمْ أَلْبَسْ وَلَمْ أُضَيِّعْ وَلَكِنْ أَتَى عَلَى يَدَيَّ إِمَّا حَرَقٌ وَإِمَّا سَرَقَ وَإِمَّا وَضِيعَةٌ فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ صَدَقَ عَبْدِي أَنَا أَحَقُّ مَنْ قَضَى عَنْكَ الْيَوْمَ فَيَدْعُو اللَّهُ بِشَيْءٍ فَيَضَعَهُ فِي كِفَّةِ مِيزَانِهِ فَتَرْجَحُ حَسَنَاتُهُ عَلَى سَيِّئَاتِهِ فَيَدْخُلَ الْجَنَّةَ بِفَضْلِ رَحْمَتِهِ
Narrated from Sayyiduna Abdur Rahman bin Abi Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Allah Almighty will call a debtor on the Day of Resurrection, make him stand before Him and say: O son of Adam! Why did you take this loan? For what reason did you neglect the rights of people? That person will say: O my Lord! You know that I did not take this loan for eating, drinking, wearing, or wasting in vain, but rather because my wealth was burnt, stolen, or I suffered a loss in trade. Allah Almighty will say: My servant has spoken the truth, therefore today I am more entitled to pay off his debt on his behalf. Then Allah Almighty will have something brought and placed in the pan of that man's scale, due to which his good deeds will outweigh his bad deeds. In this way, Allah Almighty will admit him into Paradise by His mercy.
Hadith 6042
عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ كَانَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا تَدَّانُ فَقِيلَ لَهَا مَا لَكِ وَلِلدَّيْنِ قَالَتْ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا مِنْ عَبْدٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ نِيَّةٌ فِي أَدَاءِ دَيْنِهِ إِلَّا كَانَ لَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَوْنٌ فَأَنَا أَلْتَمِسُ ذَلِكَ الْعَوْنَ
Muhammad bin Ali says that Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) used to take loans. When she was asked, "What connection do you have with taking loans?" she replied: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: Whoever takes a loan with the intention of repaying it, he will receive special help from Allah Almighty. So I am seeking that help.
Hadith 6043
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَنْ حَمَلَ مِنْ أُمَّتِي دَيْنًا ثُمَّ جَهَدَ فِي قَضَائِهِ فَمَاتَ وَلَمْ يَقْضِهِ فَأَنَا وَلِيُّهُ
Narrated by Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Whoever from my Ummah takes a loan and then strives to repay it, but dies before repaying it, then I am responsible for him.
Hadith 6044
وَعَنْهَا أَيْضًا قَالَتْ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَنْ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ هَمَّهُ قَضَاؤُهُ أَوْ هَمَّ بِقَضَائِهِ لَمْ يَزَلْ مَعَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ حَارِسٌ
It is also narrated from Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that Abu al-Qasim (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: Whoever is in debt and intends to repay it, then a guardian from Allah Almighty will be appointed over him.
Hadith 6045
عَنْ مَيْمُونَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا أَنَّهَا اسْتَدَانَتْ دَيْنًا فَقِيلَ لَهَا تَسْتَدِينِينَ وَلَيْسَ عِنْدَكِ وَفَاؤُهُ قَالَتْ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ مَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ يَسْتَدِينُ دَيْنًا يَعْلَمُ اللَّهُ أَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ أَدَاءَهُ إِلَّا أَدَّاهُ
It is narrated from the wife of the Prophet, Sayyida Maymunah (may Allah be pleased with her), that she took a loan. Someone said to her: "You take a loan, while you do not have the ability to repay it?" She replied: "I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: When a person takes a loan and Allah Almighty knows about him that he intends to repay it, then Allah Almighty enables him to repay it."
Hadith 6046
عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَنْ تَرَكَ مَالًا فَلِأَهْلِهِ وَمَنْ تَرَكَ دَيْنًا فَعَلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَعَلَى رَسُولِهِ
Narrated by Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Whoever leaves behind wealth, it will be for his family and dependents, and whoever leaves behind a debt, it will be upon Allah Almighty and His Messenger.
Hadith 6047
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَا أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ مَنْ تَرَكَ مَالًا فَلِمَوَالِي عَصَبَتِهِ وَمَنْ تَرَكَ ضِيَاعًا أَوْ كَلًّا فَأَنَا وَلِيُّهُ فَلِأَدْعَى لَهُ
Narrated by Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I am closer to the believers than their own selves, so whoever leaves behind wealth, it will be for his relatives and heirs, and whoever leaves behind small children or (a burden of debt, etc.) and passes away, I am responsible for him.
