الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
أبواب الرباChapters on Usury
بَابُ بَيْعِ الطَّعَامِ مِثْلَا بِمِثْلِ
Chapter: Selling foodstuff like for like
Hadith 5992
عَنْ مَعْمَرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْعَدَوِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ أَرْسَلَ غُلَامًا لَهُ بِصَاعٍ مِنْ قَمْحٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ بِعْهُ ثُمَّ اشْتَرِ بِهِ شَعِيرًا فَذَهَبَ الْغُلَامُ فَأَخَذَ صَاعًا وَزِيَادَةَ بَعْضِ صَاعٍ فَلَمَّا جَاءَ مَعْمَرًا أَخْبَرَهُ بِذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لَهُ مَعْمَرٌ أَفَعَلْتَ انْطَلِقْ فَرُدَّهُ وَلَا تَأْخُذْ إِلَّا مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ فَإِنِّي كُنْتُ أَسْمَعُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ الطَّعَامُ بِالطَّعَامِ مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ وَكَانَ طَعَامُنَا يَوْمَئِذٍ الشَّعِيرَ قِيلَ فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِثْلَهُ قَالَ إِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ يُضَارِعَ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ma'mar bin Abdullah 'Adawi (may Allah be pleased with him) that he sent a slave to take one sa’ of wheat, sell it first, and then buy barley in exchange for it. So the slave went and brought back more than one sa’ of barley. When he came to Sayyiduna Ma'mar (may Allah be pleased with him) and informed him about the transaction, he asked: Did you really do it this way? Go back and return this transaction, and take only equal for equal in exchange, because I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say that when selling grain for grain, it must be equal for equal. At that time, our food was barley. Someone said: But these are not of the same kind. However, Sayyiduna Ma'mar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I fear that it may resemble it (i.e., riba/usury).
Hadith 5993
عَنْ أَبِي ذُهْقَانَةَ قَالَ كُنْتُ جَالِسًا عِنْدَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا فَقَالَ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ ضَيْفٌ فَقَالَ لِبِلَالٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ائْتِنَا بِطَعَامٍ فَذَهَبَ بِلَالٌ فَأَبْدَلَ صَاعَيْنِ مِنْ تَمْرٍ بِصَاعٍ مِنْ تَمْرٍ جَيِّدٍ وَكَانَ تَمْرُهُمْ دُونًا فَأَعْجَبَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ التَّمْرُ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ أَيْنَ هَذَا التَّمْرُ فَأَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ أَبْدَلَ صَاعًا بِصَاعَيْنِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ رُدَّ عَلَيْنَا تَمْرَنَا
Abu Dahana narrates: He says, I was sitting with Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and he said that a guest came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He said to Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him): Bring food for us. So he went and gave two sa’ of dates and in exchange took one sa’ of good dates, as their own dates were of inferior quality. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) liked these dates very much. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: Where did these dates come from? Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him) said: He took one sa’ of these dates in exchange for two sa’ of ours. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Return our dates.
Hadith 5994
عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أُتِيَ بِتَمْرٍ رَيَّانَ وَكَانَ تَمْرُ نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ تَمْرًا بَعْلًا فِيهِ يَبْسٌ فَقَالَ أَنَّى لَكُمْ هَذَا التَّمْرُ فَقَالُوا هَذَا تَمْرٌ ابْتَعْنَا صَاعًا بِصَاعَيْنِ مِنْ تَمْرِنَا فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَا يَصْلُحُ ذَلِكَ وَلَكِنْ بِعْ تَمْرَكَ ثُمَّ ابْتَعْ حَاجَتَكَ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) that fresh and juicy dates were brought to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), while his own dates were of the Barani type and had become dry. Therefore, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Where did these dates come from?" The people said: "We exchanged two sa' of our dates for one sa' of these dates." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "This transaction is not correct. First, sell your own dates separately, then fulfill your need for this type with the price you get."
Hadith 5995
وَعَنْهُ أَيْضًا قَالَ كُنَّا نُرْزَقُ تَمْرَ الْجَمْعِ قَالَ يَزِيدُ تَمْرًا مِنْ تَمْرِ الْجَمْعِ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَنَبِيعُ الصَّاعَيْنِ بِالصَّاعِ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ لَا صَاعَيْ تَمْرٍ بِصَاعٍ وَلَا صَاعَيْ حِنْطَةٍ بِصَاعٍ وَلَا دِرْهَمَيْنِ بِدِرْهَمٍ قَالَ يَزِيدُ لَا صَاعَيْ تَمْرٍ بِصَاعٍ وَلَا صَاعَيْ حِنْطَةٍ بِصَاعٍ
Narrated by Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him): He said, "During the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), we used to be given mixed dates, so we would give two sa' of them to buy one sa' of good dates. But when this reached the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), he said: 'Two sa' of dates for one sa' is not allowed, nor two sa' of wheat for one sa', nor two dirhams of silver for one dirham.'"
Hadith 5996
وَعَنْهُ أَيْضًا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَسَمَ بَيْنَهُمْ طَعَامًا مُخْتَلِفًا بَعْضُهُ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ بَعْضٍ قَالَ فَذَهَبْنَا نَتَزَايَدُ بَيْنَنَا فَمَنَعَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ نَتَبَايَعَهُ إِلَّا كَيْلًا بِكَيْلٍ لَا زِيَادَةَ فِيهِ
Narrated by Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) distributed among them such grain that some of it was better than the other. Because of this, we began to sell it among ourselves with an increase and decrease, but the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade us from making such a sale, except that it should be equal in measure and there should be no excess on either side.
