الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
أبواب الرباChapters on Usury
بابُ الأَصنافِ الَّتِي يُوجَدُ فِيهَا الرِّبَا
Chapter: The categories in which usury is found
Hadith 5963
عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ الذَّهَبُ بِالْوَرَقِ رِبًا إِلَّا هَاءَ وَهَاءَ وَالْبُرُّ بِالْبُرِّ رِبًا إِلَّا هَاءَ وَهَاءَ وَالشَّعِيرُ بِالشَّعِيرِ رِبًا وَالتَّمْرُ بِالتَّمْرِ رِبًا إِلَّا هَاءَ وَهَاءَ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Selling gold for gold and silver for silver is usury, except when it is hand to hand. Likewise, selling wheat for wheat is usury, except when it is hand to hand. And selling barley for barley is usury, except when it is hand to hand. Similarly, selling dates for dates is usury, except when it is hand to hand.
Hadith 5964
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْحِنْطَةُ بِالْحِنْطَةِ وَالشَّعِيرُ بِالشَّعِيرِ وَالتَّمْرُ بِالتَّمْرِ وَالْمِلْحُ بِالْمِلْحِ كَيْلًا بِكَيْلٍ وَزْنًا بِوَزْنٍ فَمَنْ زَادَ أَوِ اسْتَزَادَ فَقَدْ أَرْبَى إِلَّا مَا اخْتَلَفَ أَلْوَانُهُ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Wheat for wheat, barley for barley, dates for dates, and salt for salt shall be sold by measure and equally. Whoever gives more or demands more, he will have taken usury. However, when the types differ, then there is no harm in giving or taking more.
Hadith 5965
عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ مَرْفُوعًا الذَّهَبُ بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةُ بِالْفِضَّةِ وَالْبُرُّ بِالْبُرِّ فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَهُ وَزَادَ فِي آخِرِهِ الْآخِذُ وَالْمُعْطِي فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id Khudri, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Noble Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Gold for gold, silver for silver, wheat for wheat ... then he mentioned as in the previous hadith, except that at the end of this one there is this addition: Both the one who takes more and the one who gives more are equal.
Hadith 5966
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ الذَّهَبُ بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةُ بِالْفِضَّةِ وَالْوَرَقُ بِالْوَرَقِ مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ يَدًا بِيَدٍ مَنْ زَادَ أَوِ اسْتَزَادَ فَقَدْ أَرْبَى
Narrated by Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: At the time of sale, gold for gold, silver for silver, and silver coin for silver coin should be equal and hand to hand; whoever gives or demands more has engaged in usury.
Hadith 5967
عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ أَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ اشْتَرَى سِقَايَةً مِنْ فِضَّةٍ بِأَقَلَّ مِنْ ثَمَنِهَا أَوْ أَكْثَرَ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ مِثْلِ هَذَا إِلَّا مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ
Ata bin Yasar says: Sayyiduna Muawiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) bought a silver bowl; the amount of silver given in its price was either less or more than the bowl itself. Sayyiduna Abu Darda (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade such transactions, except when it is equal for equal.
Hadith 5968
حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الْأَشْعَثِ قَالَ كَانَ أُنَاسٌ يَبِيعُونَ الْفِضَّةَ مِنَ الْمَغَانِمِ إِلَى الْعَطَاءِ فَقَالَ عُبَادَةُ بْنُ الصَّامِتِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنِ الذَّهَبِ بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ بِالْفِضَّةِ وَالتَّمْرِ بِالتَّمْرِ وَالْبُرِّ بِالْبُرِّ وَالشَّعِيرِ بِالشَّعِيرِ وَالْمِلْحِ بِالْمِلْحِ إِلَّا سَوَاءً بِسَوَاءٍ مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ فَمَنْ زَادَ وَاسْتَزَادَ فَقَدْ أَرْبَى زَادَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ فَإِذَا اخْتَلَفَتْ فِيهِ الْأَوْصَافُ فَبِيعُوا كَيْفَ شِئْتُمْ إِذَا كَانَ يَدًا بِيَدٍ
It is narrated from Abu Ash'ath, he says: People used to sell it until they found silver among the spoils of war. Sayyiduna Ubadah bin Samit (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade selling gold for gold, silver for silver, dates for dates, wheat for wheat, barley for barley, and salt for salt, except that it be equal for equal. Whoever gives more or demands more has engaged in usury. In another narration: When these commodities differ, then sell as you wish, provided it is hand to hand.
Hadith 5969
عَنْ نَافِعٍ قَالَ قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا لَا تَبِيعُوا الذَّهَبَ بِالذَّهَبِ وَلَا الْوَرَقَ بِالْوَرَقِ إِلَّا مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ وَلَا تُشِفُّوا بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَلَا تَبِيعُوا شَيْئًا غَائِبًا مِنْهَا بِنَاجِزٍ فَإِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمُ الرَّمَاءَ وَالرَّمَاءُ الرِّبَا قَالَ فَحَدَّثَ رَجُلٌ ابْنَ عُمَرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَمَا تَمَّ مَقَالَتُهُ حَتَّى دَخَلَ بِهِ عَلَى أَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَأَنَا مَعَهُ فَقَالَ إِنَّ هَذَا حَدَّثَنِي عَنْكَ حَدِيثًا يَزْعُمُ أَنَّكَ تُحَدِّثُهُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَفَسَمِعْتَهُ فَقَالَ بَصَرَ عَيْنَيَّ وَسَمَعَ أُذُنَيَّ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ لَا تَبِيعُوا الذَّهَبَ بِالذَّهَبِ وَلَا الْوَرَقَ بِالْوَرَقِ إِلَّا مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ وَلَا تُشِفُّوا بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَلَا تَبِيعُوا شَيْئًا مِنْهَا غَائِبًا بِنَاجِزٍ
Imam Nafi narrates that Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: Do not sell gold for gold and silver for silver except equal for equal; do not increase one thing over the other, and do not sell deferred for immediate, because in such a case I fear usury. Meanwhile, a man narrated to Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) a similar hadith of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) through Sayyiduna Abu Saeed Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him), but before he could finish his statement, Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) reached Sayyiduna Abu Saeed Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him), and I was with him. He entered and said: This person thinks that Sayyiduna Abu Saeed Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates this hadith from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Did you really hear this from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)? Abu Saeed (may Allah be pleased with him) said: My eyes saw and my ears heard that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Do not sell gold for gold and silver for silver except equal for equal, and do not increase one thing over the other, and do not sell immediate for deferred.
Hadith 5970
عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ جَابِرٍ عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ الذَّهَبُ بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةُ بِالْفِضَّةِ مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ حَتَّى خَصَّ الْمِلْحَ قَالَ فَقَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ إِنَّ هَذَا لَا يَقُولُ شَيْئًا لِعُبَادَةَ فَقَالَ عُبَادَةُ لَا أُبَالِي أَنْ أَكُونَ بِأَرْضٍ يَكُونُ فِيهَا مُعَاوِيَةُ أَشْهَدُ أَنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ
Narrated from Sayyiduna Ubadah bin Samit (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Gold for gold and silver for silver are equal in exchange. Even salt was specifically mentioned here. Sayyiduna Muawiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: There is no importance to what Sayyiduna Ubadah (may Allah be pleased with him) says, (this is not a Prophetic hadith). Upon hearing this, Sayyiduna Ubadah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I do not care that wherever I am, Sayyiduna Muawiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) is also there; I bear witness that I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) stating this.
Hadith 5971
عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ قَالَ قَالَ لَنَا أَبُو بَكْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ نَهَانَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ نَبْتَاعَ الْفِضَّةَ بِالْفِضَّةِ وَالذَّهَبَ بِالْذَّهَبِ إِلَّا سَوَاءً وَأَمَرَنَا أَنْ نَبْتَاعَ الْفِضَّةَ فِي الذَّهَبِ وَالذَّهَبَ فِي الْفِضَّةِ كَيْفَ شِئْنَا فَقَالَ لَهُ ثَابِتُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَدًا بِيَدٍ قَالَ هَذَا سَمِعْتُ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade us from buying silver for silver and gold for gold, except that it be equal for equal. Also, he (peace and blessings be upon him) commanded us that we may trade silver for gold and gold for silver as we wish. Upon hearing this, Sayyiduna Thabit bin Abdullah said: Is there then a restriction of hand to hand (immediate exchange)? He said: I heard it in this way.
Hadith 5972
عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَا تَبِيعُوا الدِّينَارَ بِالدِّينَارَيْنِ وَلَا الدِّرْهَمَ بِالدِّرْهَمَيْنِ وَلَا الصَّاعَ بِالصَّاعَيْنِ فَإِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمُ الرَّمَاءَ وَالرَّمَاءُ هُوَ الرِّبَا فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَرَأَيْتَ الرَّجُلَ يَبِيعُ الْفَرَسَ بِالْأَفْرَاسِ وَالنَّجِيبَةَ بِالْإِبِلِ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ إِذَا كَانَ يَدًا بِيَدٍ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Do not sell one dinar for two dinars, nor one dirham for two dirhams, nor one sa’ for two sa’s, for I fear that you may fall into usury. A man stood up and said, “O Messenger of Allah! What is your ruling regarding a man selling one horse for several horses, or a she-camel for a camel?” He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: When it is hand to hand, there is no harm in it.
Hadith 5973
عَنْ شَرَحْبِيلَ أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ وَأَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ وَأَبَا سَعِيدٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ حَدَّثُوا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ الذَّهَبُ بِالذَّهَبِ مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ وَالْفِضَّةُ بِالْفِضَّةِ مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ عَيْنًا بِعَيْنٍ مَنْ زَادَ أَوِ ازْدَادَ فَقَدْ أَرْبَى قَالَ شَرَحْبِيلُ إِنْ لَمْ أَكُنْ سَمِعْتُهُ فَأَدْخَلَنِيَ اللَّهُ النَّارَ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar, Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah, and Sayyiduna Abu Saeed (may Allah be pleased with them) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: Gold for gold should be equal to each other, and silver for silver should be equal to each other, they should be exactly equal to one another; whoever gives more or demands more, he has engaged in usury. Sharahbeel says: If I have not heard this hadith, may Allah admit me into the Fire.
