الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب البيوع والكسب والمعاش وما يتعلق بالتجارةBook of Sales, Earnings, Livelihood, and Matters Related to Trade
بَابُ الرُّحْصَةِ فِي الْعَرَایَا وَالنَّهْي عَنِ الْإِسْتِثْنَاءِ فِي البیع إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مَعْلُومًا
Chapter: Concession regarding araya and prohibition of exceptions in sales unless specified
Hadith 5847
عَنْ سَالِمٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لَا تُبَاعُ ثَمَرَةٌ بِتَمْرٍ وَلَا تُبَاعُ ثَمَرَةٌ حَتَّى يَبْدُوَ صَلَاحُهَا قَالَ فَلَقِيَ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ فَقَالَ رَخَّصَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْعَرَايَا قَالَ سُفْيَانُ الْعَرَايَا نَخْلٌ كَانَتْ تُوهَبُ لِلْمَسَاكِينِ فَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ أَنْ يَنْتَظِرُوا بِهَا فَيَبِيعُونَهَا بِمَا شَاءُوا مِنْ تَمْرٍ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Fruit attached to the tree should not be sold in exchange for dates, and no fruit should be sold until its ripeness becomes apparent. Then, when Sayyiduna Zaid bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) met Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) granted concession in the sale of ‘Araya. Imam Sufyan (may Allah have mercy on him) says that the case of ‘Araya is that a date palm tree would be gifted to the poor, but they could not wait long, so they would sell the fruit of that tree in exchange for any fruit of their choice.
Hadith 5848
عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ بَيْعِ الثَّمَرِ بِالتَّمْرِ وَرَخَّصَ فِي الْعَرَايَا أَنْ تُشْتَرَى بِخَرْصِهَا يَأْكُلُهَا أَهْلُهَا رُطَبًا
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Sahl bin Abi Hathmah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade selling fruits on the tree in exchange for dried dates, except that he permitted the sale of ‘Araya, and its form is that the fruit is bought by estimation, and its owner will eat the fresh dates.
Hadith 5849
عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَخَّصَ فِي الْعَرِيَّةِ أَنْ تُؤْخَذَ وَفِي لَفْظٍ أَنْ تُبَاعَ بِمِثْلِ خَرْصِهَا تَمْرًا وَفِي لَفْظٍ بِمِثْلِ خَرْصِهَا كَيْلًا يَأْكُلُهَا أَهْلُهَا رُطَبًا زَادَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ وَلَمْ يُرَخِّصْ فِي غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Zaid bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) permitted the sale of ‘Ariyyah, and its form is that (one may) buy fresh dates on the trees in exchange for measured dry dates by estimation; these people (the owners) will eat the fresh dates. (In one narration, there is this addition:) Apart from this, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not grant any concession.
Hadith 5850
عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ بَيْعِ الثَّمَرِ بِالتَّمْرِ وَرَخَّصَ فِي الْعَرِيَّةِ قَالَ وَالْعَرِيَّةُ النَّخْلَةُ وَالنَّخْلَتَانِ يَشْتَرِيهِمَا الرَّجُلُ بِخَرْصِهِمَا مِنَ التَّمْرِ فَيَضْمَنُهُمَا فَرَخَّصَ فِي ذَلِكَ
It is narrated from a Companion that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, forbade selling fruits (still on the tree) in exchange for dried dates, except in the case of ‘ariyyah sale, for which he granted permission. Its form is that a person, by estimation, buys the dates of one or two trees in exchange for dried dates, then he takes responsibility for the protection of those trees. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, allowed this.
Hadith 5851
عَنْ بُشَيْرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ مَوْلَى بَنِي حَارِثَةَ أَنَّ رَافِعَ بْنَ خَدِيجٍ وَسَهْلَ بْنَ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا حَدَّثَاهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَهَى عَنِ الْمُزَابَنَةِ الثَّمَرُ بِالتَّمْرِ إِلَّا أَصْحَابَ الْعَرَايَا فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ أَذِنَ لَهُمْ
The slave of Banu Haritha, Basheer bin Yasar, narrates that Sayyiduna Rafi’ bin Khadij and Sayyiduna Sahl bin Abi Hathma (may Allah be pleased with them both) report that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade Muzabana, which is the sale of (fruit on the tree) in exchange for dried dates. In this matter, an exception was made for the owners of ‘Araya.
Hadith 5852
عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ أَذِنَ لِأَصْحَابِ الْعَرَايَا أَنْ يَبِيعُوهَا بِخَرْصِهَا يَقُولُ الْوَسْقَ وَالْوَسْقَيْنِ وَالثَّلَاثَةَ وَالْأَرْبَعَةَ
Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) permitted the owners of ‘Araya to sell from one to four wasqs by estimation.
Hadith 5853
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَخَّصَ فِي الْعَرَايَا أَنْ تُبَاعَ بِخَرْصِهَا فِي خَمْسَةِ أَوْسَقٍ أَوْ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسَةٍ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) permitted ‘Ariya transactions, in which fruits up to five wasqs or less may be sold by estimation.
