الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب البيوع والكسب والمعاش وما يتعلق بالتجارةBook of Sales, Earnings, Livelihood, and Matters Related to Trade
بَابُ النَّهْي عَنْ بَيْعِ الْمُزَابَنَةِ وَالْمُحَافَلَةِ وَعَنْ بَيْعِ كُلَّ رَطْب بِيَابِسِهِ
Chapter: Prohibition of sales by muzabana, muhaqala, and selling fresh produce for dried
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Hadith 5837
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنِ الْمُحَاقَلَةِ وَهُوَ اشْتِرَاءُ الزَّرْعِ وَهُوَ فِي سُنْبُلِهِ بِالْحِنْطَةِ وَنَهَى عَنِ الْمُزَابَنَةِ وَهُوَ شِرَاءُ الثِّمَارِ بِالتَّمْرِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade Muhaqala and Muzabana. Muhaqala is when the grain in the ears of a crop is sold in exchange for wheat, and Muzabana is when the fruit on a tree is sold in exchange for dates.
Hadith 5838
عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَهَى عَنِ الْمُزَابَنَةِ وَالْمُحَاقَلَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةُ اشْتِرَاءُ الثَّمَرِ بِالتَّمْرِ فِي رُءُوسِ النَّخْلِ وَالْمُحَاقَلَةُ اسْتِكْرَاءُ الْأَرْضِ بِالْحِنْطَةِ وَفِي لَفْظٍ وَالْمُزَابَنَةُ اشْتِرَاءُ الثَّمَرَةِ فِي رُءُوسِ النَّخْلِ كَيْلًا
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade Muzabana and Muhaqala. Muzabana is when fruit on the tree is sold in exchange for measured dates, and Muhaqala is when land is leased in exchange for wheat.
Hadith 5839
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنِ الْمُحَاقَلَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةِ وَكَانَ عِكْرِمَةُ يَكْرَهُ بَيْعَ الْقَصِيلِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade Muhaqala and Muzabana. Ikrimah (may Allah have mercy on him) disliked the sale of Qasil.
Hadith 5840
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ لَا تُبَايِعُوا الثَّمَرَةَ حَتَّى يَبْدُوَ صَلَاحُهَا نَهَى الْبَائِعَ وَالْمُشْتَرِيَ وَنَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنِ الْمُزَابَنَةِ أَنْ يَبِيعَ ثَمَرَةَ حَائِطِهِ إِنْ كَانَتْ نَخْلًا بِتَمْرٍ كَيْلًا وَإِنْ كَانَتْ كَرْمًا أَنْ يَبِيعَهَا بِزَبِيبٍ كَيْلًا وَإِنْ كَانَتْ زَرْعًا أَنْ يَبِيعَهَا بِكَيْلٍ مَعْلُومٍ نَهَى عَنْ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ
Narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: Do not buy or sell fruit before its goodness becomes apparent. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) forbade both the seller and the buyer, and he (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) also prohibited muzabana, which is when a person sells the fruit of his garden (still on the trees) in such a way that if they are dates, he sells them in exchange for measured dates, and if they are grapes, he sells them in exchange for measured dried grapes, and if it is a crop, he sells it in exchange for measured grain.
Hadith 5841
(وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ) قَالَ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنِ الْمُزَابَنَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةُ الثَّمْرُ بِالتَّمْرِ كَيْلًا وَالْعِنَبُ بِالزَّبِيبِ كَيْلًا وَالْحِنْطَةُ بِالزَّرْعِ كَيْلًا
And it is narrated from them (in another chain), they say that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, forbade Muzabanah, and Muzabanah is that the fruit on the tree is sold in exchange for measured dates, and the grapes on the vine are sold in exchange for measured dried grapes, and the crop is sold in exchange for measured wheat.
Hadith 5842
عَنْ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ قَالَ سُئِلَ سَعْدٌ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنْ بَيْعِ سُلْتٍ بِشَعِيرٍ أَوْ شَيْءٍ مِنْ هَذَا فَقَالَ سُئِلَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ تَمْرٍ بِرُطَبٍ فَقَالَ تَنْقُصُ الرُّطَبَةُ إِذَا يَبِسَتْ قَالُوا نَعَمْ قَالَ فَلَا إِذًا
It is narrated from Abu Ayash, he says that Sayyiduna Sa’d bin Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him) was asked about selling dry barley in exchange for wet barley. He said that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was asked about selling fresh dates in exchange for dry dates, he (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: When the fresh dates dry, does their weight decrease? The people said: Yes. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Then this sale is not permissible.
Hadith 5843
عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنِ الرُّطَبِ بِالتَّمْرِ فَقَالَ أَلَيْسَ يَنْقُصُ الرُّطَبُ إِذَا يَبِسَ قَالُوا بَلَى فَكَرِهَهُ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Sa’d bin Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was asked whether fresh dates could be sold in exchange for dry dates. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: When the fresh dates dry, does their weight not decrease? The people said: Yes. Because of this, he (peace and blessings be upon him) disliked this transaction.
Hadith 5844
عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَهَى عَنِ الْمُزَابَنَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةُ أَنْ يُبَاعَ مَا فِي رُءُوسِ النَّخْلِ بِتَمْرٍ بِكَيْلٍ مُسَمًّى إِنْ زَادَ فَلِي وَإِنْ نَقَصَ فَعَلَيَّ قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ حَدَّثَنِي زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَخَّصَ فِي بَيْعِ الْعَرَايَا بِخَرْصِهَا
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade Muzabana, and Muzabana is that the fruit on a date-palm tree is sold in exchange for measured dates, and it is said that if the fruit turns out to be more, it will be for me, and if it is less, then I will be responsible for it. Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: Sayyiduna Zaid bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) informed me that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) permitted the sale of ‘Ariya by estimation.
Hadith 5845
عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ بِعْتُ مَا فِي رُءُوسِ نَخْلِي بِمِائَةِ وَسْقٍ إِنْ زَادَ فَلَهُمْ وَإِنْ نَقَصَ فَلَهُمْ فَسَأَلْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا فَقَالَ نَهَى عَنْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَرَخَّصَ فِي الْعَرَايَا
Ismail Shaybani says: I sold the fruit growing on date trees for one hundred wasq and said: If it turns out to be more, it will be theirs, and if it turns out to be less, it will also be theirs. Then I asked Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) about this, and he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade such a transaction, except that he permitted the sale of ‘ariyah.
Hadith 5846
عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَهَى عَنِ الْمُحَاقَلَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةِ وَالْمُخَابَرَةِ وَالْمُعَاوَمَةِ وَالثُّنْيَا وَرَخَّصَ فِي الْعَرَايَا
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) forbade the transactions of Muhaqala, Muzabana, Mukhabara, Muawama, and Thunya, but permitted the sale of 'Ariya.
