الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب البيوع والكسب والمعاش وما يتعلق بالتجارةBook of Sales, Earnings, Livelihood, and Matters Related to Trade
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي التَّسَاهْلِ وَالتَّسَامُحِ فِي البَيْعِ وَالْإِقَالَةِ وَحُسْنِ التَّقَاضِي وَفَضْلٍ ذَلِكَ
Chapter: What has been reported regarding leniency and tolerance in selling, canceling sales, good collection of debts, and the virtue of that
Hadith 5788
عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ فَرُّوخٍ مَوْلَى الْقُرَشِيِّينَ أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ اشْتَرَى مِنْ رَجُلٍ أَرْضًا فَأَبْطَأَ عَلَيْهِ فَلَقِيَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ مَا مَنَعَكَ مِنْ قَبْضِ مَالِكَ قَالَ إِنَّكَ غَبَنْتَنِي فَمَا أَلْقَى مِنَ النَّاسِ أَحَدًا إِلَّا وَهُوَ يَلُومُنِي قَالَ أَوَذَلِكَ يَمْنَعُكَ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَاخْتَرْ بَيْنَ أَرْضِكَ وَمَالِكَ ثُمَّ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَدْخَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ الْجَنَّةَ رَجُلًا كَانَ سَهْلًا مُشْتَرِيًا وَبَائِعًا وَقَاضِيًا وَمُقْتَضِيًا
It is narrated from the slave of the Quraysh, Ata bin Farukh, that Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) bought a piece of land from a man, but that man delayed in meeting him. Then when he met him, Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said: What has prevented you from taking possession of your wealth? He said: You have deceived me; whoever I meet blames me. He (Uthman) said: Is this an obstacle? He said: Yes. He (Uthman) said: Fine, choose one thing from your land or your wealth. Then he narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Allah Almighty will admit to Paradise the person who adopts gentleness at the time of buying, selling, paying a debt, or demanding a debt.
Hadith 5789
عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي سَفَرٍ فَاشْتَرَى مِنِّي بَعِيرًا فَجَعَلَ لِي ظَهْرَهُ حَتَّى أَقْدَمَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَلَمَّا قَدِمْتُ أَتَيْتُهُ بِالْبَعِيرِ فَدَفَعْتُهُ إِلَيْهِ وَأَمَرَ لِي بِالثَّمَنِ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفْتُ فَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدْ لَحِقَنِي قَالَ قُلْتُ قَدْ بَدَا لَهُ قَالَ فَلَمَّا أَتَيْتُهُ دَفَعَ إِلَيَّ الْبَعِيرَ وَقَالَ هُوَ لَكَ فَمَرَرْتُ بِرَجُلٍ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ قَالَ فَجَعَلَ يُعْجِبُ قَالَ فَقَالَ اشْتَرَى مِنْكَ الْبَعِيرَ وَدَفَعَ إِلَيْكَ الثَّمَنَ وَوَهَبَ لَكَ قَالَ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ
Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) says: Once, we were on a journey with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) bought a camel from me and allowed me to ride it until we reached Madinah Munawwarah. When I reached Madinah, I brought the camel to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and handed it over to him, and he ordered that I be given its price. When I turned back, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) followed behind me. I thought perhaps he wanted to say something. When I presented myself before him, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) handed the camel back to me and said: This is also for you. Then I passed by a Jew, and when I told him the whole story, he was greatly astonished. He said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) bought the camel from you, paid you its price, and then gifted the camel to you as well? I said: Yes, exactly like that.
Hadith 5790
عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لِرَجُلٍ كَانَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ سَهْلًا إِذَا بَاعَ سَهْلًا إِذَا اشْتَرَى سَهْلًا إِذَا قَضَى سَهْلًا إِذَا اقْتَضَى
Narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: There was a man among those before you whom Allah Almighty forgave because he used to show leniency when selling, buying, giving, and demanding payment.
Hadith 5791
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ دَخَلَتْ امْرَأَةٌ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَتْ أَيْ بِأَبِي وَأُمِّي إِنِّي ابْتَعْتُ أَنَا وَابْنِي مِنْ فُلَانٍ ثَمْرَ مَالِهِ وَفِي لَفْظٍ مِنْ ثَمَرَةِ أَرْضِهِ فَأَحْصَيْنَاهُ وَحَشَدْنَاهُ لَا وَالَّذِي أَكْرَمَكَ بِمَا أَكْرَمَكَ بِهِ مَا أَصَبْنَا مِنْهُ شَيْئًا إِلَّا شَيْئًا نَأْكُلُهُ فِي بُطُونِنَا أَوْ نُطْعِمُهُ مِسْكِينًا رَجَاءَ الْبَرَكَةِ فَنَقَصْنَا عَلَيْهِ فَجِئْنَا نَسْتَوْضِعُهُ مَا نَقَصْنَاهُ فَحَلَفَ بِاللَّهِ لَا يَضَعُ شَيْئًا قَالَتْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ تَأَلَّى لَا أَصْنَعُ خَيْرًا وَفِي لَفْظٍ تَأَلَّى أَنْ لَا يَفْعَلَ خَيْرًا ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ قَالَتْ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ صَاحِبَ التَّمْرِ فَجَاءَهُ فَقَالَ أَيْ بِأَبِي وَأُمِّي إِنْ شِئْتَ وَضَعْتُ مَا نَقَصُوا وَإِنْ شِئْتَ مِنْ رَأْسِ الْمَالِ مَا شِئْتَ فَوَضَعَ مَا نَقَصُوا قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ وَسَمِعْتُهُ أَنَا مِنَ الْحَكَمِ
Narrated from Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that a woman came to the service of the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah! May my parents be sacrificed for you! The matter is that I and my son bought fruit from a man (and in another narration, the words are: from the fruit of his land). By Allah, Who has granted you the honor that He has granted, when we gathered and measured it, only so much was obtained that it would just fill our stomachs or, for the sake of seeking blessings, we would feed a needy person; nothing else remains besides this. We have suffered a loss in this fruit. Anyway, we have demanded forgiveness for the amount of the loss from the one we bought it from, but he has sworn that he will not reduce the price. Upon hearing this, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Well, he has sworn that he will not do a good deed. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) repeated this sentence three times. Meanwhile, somehow the person who sold the fruit was informed that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had expressed displeasure at him, so he came to the service of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah! May my parents be sacrificed for you, if you wish, I will forgive them for the amount of their loss, and whatever you wish from the principal amount, I will also reduce that. Then he forgave them for the amount of their loss. Abu Abdur Rahman said: I heard this hadith from Hakam.
Hadith 5792
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ ابْتَاعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ جَزُورًا أَوْ جَزَائِرَ بِوَسْقٍ مِنْ تَمْرِ الذَّخِيرَةِ وَتَمْرُ الذَّخِيرَةِ الْعَجْوَةُ فَرَجَعَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى بَيْتِهِ وَالْتَمَسَ لَهُ التَّمْرَ فَلَمْ يَجِدْهُ فَرَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا قَدِ ابْتَعْنَا مِنْكَ جَزُورًا أَوْ جَزَائِرَ بِوَسْقٍ مِنْ تَمْرِ الذَّخِيرَةِ فَالْتَمَسْنَاهُ فَلَمْ نَجِدْهُ قَالَتْ فَقَالَ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ وَاغَدْرَاهُ قَالَتْ فَنَهَمَهُ النَّاسُ وَقَالُوا قَاتَلَكَ اللَّهُ أَيَغْدِرُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَتْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ دَعُوهُ فَإِنَّ لِصَاحِبِ الْحَقِّ مَقَالًا ثُمَّ عَادَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا قَدِ ابْتَعْنَا مِنْكَ جَزَائِرَكَ وَنَحْنُ نَظُنُّ أَنَّ عِنْدَنَا مَا سَمَّيْنَا لَكَ فَالْتَمَسْنَاهُ فَلَمْ نَجِدْهُ فَقَالَ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ وَاغَدْرَاهُ فَنَهَمَهُ النَّاسُ وَقَالُوا قَاتَلَكَ اللَّهُ أَيَغْدِرُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ دَعُوهُ فَإِنَّ لِصَاحِبِ الْحَقِّ مَقَالًا فَرَدَّدَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَرَّتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثًا فَلَمَّا رَآهُ لَا يَفْقَهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ اذْهَبْ إِلَى خُوَيْلَةَ بِنْتِ حَكِيمِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ فَقُلْ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ لَكِ إِنْ كَانَ عِنْدَكِ وَسْقٌ مِنْ تَمْرِ الذَّخِيرَةِ فَأَسْلِفِينَاهُ حَتَّى نُؤَدِّيَهُ إِلَيْكِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ فَذَهَبَ إِلَيْهَا الرَّجُلُ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ فَقَالَ قَالَتْ نَعَمْ هُوَ عِنْدِي يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَابْعَثْ مَنْ يَقْبِضُهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِلرَّجُلِ اذْهَبْ فَأَوْفِهِ الَّذِي لَهُ قَالَ فَذَهَبَ بِهِ فَأَوْفَاهُ الَّذِي لَهُ قَالَتْ فَمَرَّ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ فِي أَصْحَابِهِ فَقَالَ جَزَاكَ اللَّهُ خَيْرًا فَقَدْ أَوْفَيْتَ وَأَطْيَبْتَ قَالَتْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أُولَئِكَ خِيَارُ عِبَادِ اللَّهِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ الْمُوفُونَ الْمُطَيَّبُونَ
Narrated from Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) bought several camels from a Bedouin in exchange for one wasq, that is, sixty sa’ of stored Ajwa dates. When the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) came home to pay the price, the dates in the house had run out. So he came outside and said to the Bedouin: O servant of Allah! I have searched a lot, but I could not find dates to pay the price of your camels. The Bedouin began to say: Alas, what kind of breaking of promise is this? The people scolded him, saying: May Allah destroy you, do even the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) break promises? The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Leave him, the one who is owed a right keeps speaking. He (peace and blessings be upon him) repeated his words and said: O servant of Allah! We bought camels from you and we thought we had the things for which we agreed on the price with you, and we have searched as well, but we could not find them. Hearing this, he again began to say: Alas, what kind of breaking of promise is this? The people scolded him, saying: May Allah destroy you, do even the Messenger of Allah deceive? But the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Do not say anything to him, the one who is owed a right keeps speaking. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) repeated this two or three times. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) saw that the Bedouin was not understanding, he (peace and blessings be upon him) said to a man: Go to Khawla bint Hakim (may Allah be pleased with her) and tell her that the Messenger of Allah says, if you have one wasq of Ajwa dates, lend them to us, we will, insha’Allah, pay you back. That man went and came back and said that she says she has the dates, send someone to take them. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to a man: Go and fully give this Bedouin his right. So he took him and gave him his full right. Then that Bedouin passed by the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: May Allah reward you with goodness, you have paid the full right and in a very good manner. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: The best people in the sight of Allah are those who pay fully and cheerfully.
Hadith 5793
عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى اللَّهُ بِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَقَالَ مَاذَا عَمِلْتَ فِي الدُّنْيَا فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ مَا عَمِلْتُ مِنْ مِثْقَالِ ذَرَّةٍ مِنْ خَيْرٍ أَرْجُوكَ بِهَا فَقَالَهَا لَهُ ثَلَاثًا وَقَالَ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ أَيْ رَبِّ كُنْتَ أَعْطَيْتَنِي فَضْلًا مِنْ مَالٍ فِي الدُّنْيَا فَكُنْتُ أُبَايِعُ النَّاسَ وَكَانَ مِنْ خُلُقِي أَتَجَاوَزُ عَنْهُ وَكُنْتُ أُيَسِّرُ عَلَى الْمُوسِرِ وَأُنْظِرُ الْمُعْسِرَ فَقَالَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ نَحْنُ أَوْلَى بِذَلِكَ مِنْكَ تَجَاوَزُوا عَنْ عَبْدِي فَغُفِرَ لَهُ فَقَالَ أَبُو مَسْعُودٍ هَكَذَا سَمِعْتُ مِنْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) that a man was presented before Allah Almighty. Allah Almighty asked him: What deed did you perform in the world? He replied: I did not perform any good deed, not even as much as a particle, on which I could pin my hopes. Allah Almighty repeated this question three times. On the third time, he said: O my Lord! You had given me abundant wealth in the world, so I used to engage in business transactions with people. My method was that I would show leniency to the wealthy and grant respite to the destitute. Allah Almighty said: We are more deserving of showing good conduct to you. Angels! Forgive My servant. Thus, he was forgiven. Sayyiduna Abu Mas’ud (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say this in the same way.
Hadith 5794
عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِمَّنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ أَتَاهُ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ لِيَقْبِضَ نَفْسَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ هَلْ عَمِلْتَ مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَقَالَ مَا أَعْلَمُ قِيلَ لَهُ انْظُرْ قَالَ مَا أَعْلَمُ شَيْئًا غَيْرَ أَنِّي كُنْتُ أُبَايِعُ النَّاسَ وَأُجَازِفُهُمْ فَأُنْظِرُ الْمُوسِرَ وَأَتَجَاوَزُ عَنِ الْمُعْسِرِ فَأَدْخَلَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ الْجَنَّةَ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Hudhayfah bin Yaman (may Allah be pleased with him) (also), the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: It is about a time before you that the Angel of Death came to a man to seize his soul. He asked that person: Have you done any good deed? The man said: I do not know. He said: Look further. He said: No good deed comes to my mind, except that I used to buy and sell with people and would deal with them by estimation, and I would give respite to the wealthy and overlook the one in hardship. So Allah Almighty admitted him into Paradise because of this deed.
Hadith 5795
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ إِنَّ رَجُلًا لَمْ يَعْمَلْ خَيْرًا قَطُّ فَكَانَ يُدَايِنُ النَّاسَ فَيَقُولُ لِرَسُولِهِ خُذْ مَا تَيَسَّرَ وَاتْرُكْ مَا عَسُرَ وَتَجَاوَزْ لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ يَتَجَاوَزُ عَنَّا فَلَمَّا هَلَكَ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لَهُ هَلْ عَمِلْتَ خَيْرًا قَطُّ قَالَ لَا إِلَّا أَنَّهُ كَانَ لِي غُلَامٌ وَكُنْتُ أُدَايِنُ النَّاسَ فَإِذَا بَعَثْتُهُ يَتَقَاضَى قُلْتُ لَهُ خُذْ مَا تَيَسَّرَ وَاتْرُكْ مَا عَسُرَ وَتَجَاوَزْ لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَتَجَاوَزُ عَنَّا قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ تَجَاوَزْتُ عَنْكَ
Narrated by Sayyiduna Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: There was a man who had never done any good deed, however, he used to have business dealings with people. He had instructed his agent that whoever is able to pay easily, take the payment from him, and whoever is in difficulty, let it go; perhaps Allah Almighty will also forgive us. When he died, Allah Almighty asked him: Have you ever done any good deed? He said: No, but there is one thing—I used to deal with people, and when I sent my agent to collect debts, I had instructed him that whoever is able to pay easily, take it from him, and whoever is in difficulty, let it go; perhaps Allah Almighty will forgive us. Allah Almighty said: I have also forgiven you.
