الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب البيوع والكسب والمعاش وما يتعلق بالتجارةBook of Sales, Earnings, Livelihood, and Matters Related to Trade
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي كَسْبِ الْعَشَارِينَ وَأَصْحَابِ الْمَكْسِ وَالْعُرَفَاءِ وَنَحْوِهِمْ
Chapter: What has been reported regarding the earnings of tax collectors, toll collectors, chiefs, and the like
Hadith 5770
عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ مَرَّ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي الْعَاصِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَلَى كِلَابِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ عَلَى مَجْلِسِ الْعَاشِرِ بِالْبَصْرَةِ فَقَالَ مَا يُجْلِسُكَ هَاهُنَا قَالَ اسْتَعْمَلَنِي هَذَا عَلَى هَذَا الْمَكَانِ يَعْنِي زِيَادًا فَقَالَ لَهُ عُثْمَانُ أَلَا أُحَدِّثُكَ حَدِيثًا سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ بَلَى قَالَ عُثْمَانُ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ كَانَ لِدَاوُدَ نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ سَاعَةٌ يُوقِظُ فِيهَا أَهْلَهُ فَيَقُولُ يَا آلَ دَاوُدَ قُومُوا فَصَلُّوا فَإِنَّ هَذِهِ سَاعَةٌ يَسْتَجِيبُ اللَّهُ فِيهَا الدُّعَاءَ إِلَّا لِسَاحِرٍ أَوْ عَشَّارٍ فَرَكِبَ كِلَابُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ سَفِينَةً فَأَتَى زِيَادًا فَاسْتَعْفَاهُ فَأَعْفَاهُ
Hasan Basri (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Sayyiduna Uthman bin Abi Al-Aas (may Allah be pleased with him) passed by Kilab bin Umayyah, who was sitting at the seat of the tax collector in Basra. Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) asked him: O Kilab, why are you sitting here? He replied: Ziyad has appointed me as the official (tax collector) over this area. He (Uthman) said: Shall I narrate to you a hadith of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)? He said: Why not, please do narrate. He (Uthman) said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: The Prophet of Allah, Dawud (peace be upon him), had set aside a time during the night, in which he would also wake up his family and say: O family of Dawud! Get up and pray, for this is the hour in which Allah accepts supplications, except for two kinds of people: a magician and a tax collector. As soon as Kilab bin Umayyah heard this hadith, he boarded a boat and went to Ziyad, apologized for this job, and Ziyad accepted his apology.
Hadith 5771
عَنْ أَبِي الْخَيْرِ قَالَ عَرَضَ مَسْلَمَةُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ وَكَانَ أَمِيرًا عَلَى مِصْرَ عَلَى رُوَيْفِعِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنْ يُوَلِّيَهُ الْعُشُورَ فَقَالَ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ صَاحِبُ الْمَكْسِ فِي النَّارِ
It is narrated from Abu al-Khair that the governor of Egypt, Muslima bin Makhlad, presented this request before Sayyiduna Rufa’ bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) that he appoint him as the collector of taxes. But he said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say that the one who collects taxes is from the people of Hell.
Hadith 5772
عَنْ حَرْبِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي تَغْلِبَ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ لَيْسَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ عُشُورٌ إِنَّمَا الْعُشُورُ عَلَى الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى
Harb bin Hilal narrates that a man from Banu Taghlib reports from Sayyiduna Abu Umayyah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There is no tax upon Muslims; taxes are collected from the Jews and Christians."
Hadith 5773
عَنْ حَرْبِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الثَّقَفِيِّ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ عَنْ خَالِهِ قَالَ أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَذَكَرَ لَهُ أَشْيَاءَ فَسَأَلَهُ فَقَالَ أَعْشُرُهَا فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا الْعُشُورُ عَلَى الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى وَلَيْسَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ عُشُورٌ
(Second chain of narration) Harb bin Ubaidullah Thaqafi narrates from his maternal uncle, who says: I came to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and mentioned some matters before him. After that, I said: Should I collect tax? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Tax is imposed on the Jews and Christians; there is no tax upon the people of Islam.
Hadith 5774
- (وَمِنْ طَرِيقِ ثَالِثٍ) عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ عَنْ خَالِهِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! أَعْشِرُ قَوْمِي؟ قَالَ: ((إِنَّمَا الْعُشُورُ عَلَى الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى وَلَيْسَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ عُشُورٌ))
(Third chain) Bakr bin Wa'il narrates from his maternal uncle, who says: I said, "O Messenger of Allah! Should I collect tax from my people?" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Tax is imposed only on Jews and Christians; there is no tax upon the people of Islam."
Hadith 5775
عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ لَا يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ صَاحِبُ مَكْسٍ يَعْنِي الْعَشَّارَ
Narrated by Sayyiduna Uqbah bin Amir al-Juhani (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: The tax collector will not enter Paradise.
Hadith 5776
عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ عَتَاهِيَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ إِذَا لَقِيتُمْ عَاشِرًا فَاقْتُلُوهُ حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ وَقَصَّرَ عَنْ بَعْضِ الْإِسْنَادِ وَقَالَ يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ الصَّدَقَةَ يَأْخُذُهَا عَلَى غَيْرِ حَقِّهَا
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Malik bin ‘Atahiya (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: When you meet the tax collector, kill him. (According to one of the narrators mentioned in the chain) the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) meant the person who collects this without any right.
Hadith 5777
عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْعَرَبِ احْمَدُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي رَفَعَ عَنْكُمُ الْعُشُورَ
Sayyiduna Saeed bin Zaid (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: O people of Arabia! Praise that Allah who has removed taxes from you.
Hadith 5778
عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْعَرَبِ احْمَدُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي رَفَعَ عَنْكُمُ الْعُشُورَ
Narrated by Sayyiduna Miqdad bin Ma’dikarib (may Allah be pleased with him): The Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: O Qadeem! You will be successful, provided that you do not become a leader, nor a collector of wealth, nor a chief.
