الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الأيمان والنذورBook of Oaths and Vows
بَابُ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِيْنِ فَرَأَى خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَلْيَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ وَلَيُكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ
Chapter on Whoever Swore an Oath and Then Saw Something Better, Let Him Do What Is Better and Expiate for His Oath
Hadith 5338
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَى خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَلْيَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ وَلْيُكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Whoever swears an oath, but then sees that something else is better, let him choose the better thing and offer expiation for his oath.
Hadith 5339
عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَى خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَكَفَّارَتُهَا تَرْكُهَا
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Whoever swears an oath about something, but then finds something else to be better, the expiation for that oath is that the person should abandon it.
Hadith 5340
عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَتَرْكُهَا كَفَّارَتُهَا
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr bin Aas (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Whoever swears an oath on something, but then sees that another thing is better than it, then not doing the first thing will itself be the expiation for that oath.
Hadith 5341
عَنْ أَبِي الْأَحْوَصِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ مَالِكِ بْنِ نَضْلَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى مَا تَدْعُو قَالَ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَإِلَى الرَّحِمِ قُلْتُ يَأْتِينِي الرَّجُلُ مِنْ بَنِي عَمِّي فَأَحْلِفُ أَنْ لَا أُعْطِيَهُ ثُمَّ أُعْطِيهِ قَالَ فَكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِكَ وَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ كَانَ لَكَ عَبْدَانِ أَحَدُهُمَا يُطِيعُكَ وَلَا يَخُونُكَ وَلَا يَكْذِبُكَ وَالْآخَرُ يَخُونُكَ وَيَكْذِبُكَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لَا بَلِ الَّذِي لَا يَخُونُنِي وَلَا يَكْذِبُنِي وَيَصْدُقُنِي الْحَدِيثَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ قَالَ كَذَاكُمْ أَنْتُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّكُمْ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Malik bin Nadlah (may Allah be pleased with him) that he asked the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "What do you invite towards?" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) replied: "Towards Allah Almighty and maintaining family ties." I said: "A cousin of mine comes to me and I swear that I will not give him anything, but then I give him something.?" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Then offer expiation for your oath and choose the better option. Reflect yourself: if you had two slaves, one of whom obeys you, does not betray you, and does not lie to you, while the other betrays and lies to you—" I said: "No, rather the one who does not betray, does not lie, and speaks the truth would be more beloved to me." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You are also like this in the sight of your Lord."
Hadith 5342
عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ سَمُرَةَ إِذَا آلَيْتَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَيْتَ غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَائْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ وَكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِكَ
Narrated from Sayyiduna Abdur Rahman bin Samurah (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to me: O Abdur Rahman bin Samurah! When you swear an oath about something and then consider something else to be better, then choose the better thing and offer expiation for your oath.
Hadith 5343
عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَلْيَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ وَلْيُكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ
Narrated by Sayyiduna ‘Adi bin Hatim (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Whoever swears an oath about something, but then considers something else to be better, let him choose the better thing and offer expiation for his oath.
Hadith 5344
عَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ بِنَحْوِهِ وَفِيهِ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَلْيَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ وَلْيَتْرُكْ يَمِينَهُ
(Second chain) There is a similar narration, except that in it: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Whoever takes an oath, but then sees something better, let him choose the better thing and leave his oath.
Hadith 5345
عَنْ تَمِيمِ بْنِ طَرَفَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ عَدِيَّ بْنَ حَاتِمٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ يَسْأَلُهُ مِائَةَ دِرْهَمٍ فَقَالَ تَسْأَلُنِي مِائَةَ دِرْهَمٍ وَأَنَا ابْنُ حَاتِمٍ وَاللَّهِ لَا أُعْطِيكَ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَوْلَا أَنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ ثُمَّ رَأَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَلْيَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ
It is narrated from Tamim bin Tarfa, he says: I saw that a man came to Sayyiduna Adi bin Hatim (may Allah be pleased with him) and asked him for one hundred dirhams. He said: You ask me for one hundred dirhams, while I am the son of Hatim. By Allah! I will not give you. But then he said: If I had not heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say that whoever takes an oath, but then sees something better, he should choose the better thing. (Then I would not have given you anything, but then he gave him four hundred dirhams.)
Hadith 5346
عَنْ زَهْدَمٍ الْجَرْمِيِّ قَالَ كُنَّا عِنْدَ أَبِي مُوسَى رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فَقَدَّمَ فِي طَعَامِهِ لَحْمَ دَجَاجٍ وَفِي الْقَوْمِ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي تَيْمِ اللَّهِ أَحْمَرُ كَأَنَّهُ مَوْلًى فَلَمْ يَدْنُ قَالَ لَهُ أَبُو مُوسَى ادْنُ فَإِنِّي قَدْ رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَأْكُلُ مِنْهُ قَالَ إِنِّي رَأَيْتُهُ يَأْكُلُ شَيْئًا فَقَذِرْتُهُ فَحَلَفْتُ أَنْ لَا أَطْعَمَهُ أَبَدًا فَقَالَ ادْنُ أُخْبِرْكَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ إِنِّي أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي رَهْطٍ مِنَ الْأَشْعَرِيِّينَ نَسْتَحْمِلُهُ وَهُوَ يَقْسِمُ نَعَمًا مِنْ نَعَمِ الصَّدَقَةِ قَالَ أَيُّوبُ أَحْسِبُهُ وَهُوَ غَضْبَانُ فَقَالَ لَا وَاللَّهِ مَا أَحْمِلُكُمْ وَمَا عِنْدِي مَا أَحْمِلُكُمْ فَانْطَلَقْنَا فَأُتِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِنَهْبِ إِبِلٍ فَقَالَ أَيْنَ هَؤُلَاءِ الْأَشْعَرِيُّونَ فَأَتَيْنَا فَأَمَرَ لَنَا بِخَمْسِ ذَوْدٍ غُرِّ الذُّرَى فَانْدَفَعْنَا فَقُلْتُ لِأَصْحَابِي أَتَيْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَسْتَحْمِلُهُ فَحَلَفَ أَنْ لَا يَحْمِلَنَا ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْنَا فَحَمَلَنَا فَقُلْتُ نَسِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَمِينَهُ وَاللَّهِ لَئِنْ تَغَفَّلْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَمِينَهُ لَا نُفْلِحُ أَبَدًا ارْجِعُوا بِنَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَلْنُذَكِّرْهُ يَمِينَهُ فَرَجَعْنَا إِلَيْهِ فَقُلْنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَتَيْنَاكَ نَسْتَحْمِلُكَ فَحَلَفْتَ أَنْ لَا تَحْمِلَنَا ثُمَّ حَمَلْتَنَا فَعَرَفْنَا أَوْ ظَنَنَّا أَنَّكَ نَسِيتَ يَمِينَكَ فَقَالَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ انْطَلِقُوا فَإِنَّمَا حَمَلَكُمُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَإِنِّي وَاللَّهِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَا أَحْلِفُ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَأَرَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا إِلَّا أَتَيْتُ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ وَتَحَلَّلْتُهَا
Zahdam Jarami says: We were sitting with Sayyiduna Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him), and he presented chicken meat. A man from the Banu Taym Allah tribe was also present there; his complexion was red and it seemed as if he was a slave. He did not come near the food. Sayyiduna Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: Come closer, I have seen the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) eating this meat. He said: I saw him eating something because of which I felt disgusted and I swore that I would never eat it. He (Abu Musa) said: Come closer, I will also inform you about that. I came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) with a group of Ash'aris; we had come to ask him for mounts, and at that time the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was distributing the camels of zakat. Ayub, the narrator, says: I think that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was angry, and he said: No, by Allah! I will not give you mounts, nor do I have any mounts left. So we went back. Then, when the camels of war booty were brought to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), he asked: Where are those Ash'ari people? So we reached the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he ordered for us five white-humped camels. We took them and went back. I (Abu Musa) said to my companions: When we went to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to ask for mounts, he swore that he would not give us mounts, but then he sent for us and gave us mounts. I said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has forgotten about his oath. By Allah! If we have made the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forget his oath, we will never succeed. Take us to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), so that we may remind him of his oath. So we returned and said: O Messenger of Allah! We came to you to ask for mounts, but you swore that you would not give us mounts, then you gave us mounts. Now we thought that perhaps you had forgotten about your oath. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Go, Allah Almighty has given you mounts. As for me, by Allah, whenever I swear an oath and then see something else better, I choose that and offer expiation for my oath.
Hadith 5347
عَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ بِنَحْوِهِ وَفِيهِ إِلَّا أَتَيْتُ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ وَكَفَّرْتُ عَنْ يَمِينِي أَوْ قَالَ إِنِّي كَفَّرْتُ عَنْ يَمِينِي وَأَتَيْتُ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ
. (Second chain) There is a similar narration, except that in it: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: But I choose that which is better and offer expiation for my oath. Or he said: Indeed, I offer expiation for my oath and choose that which is better.
Hadith 5348
عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ أَبَا مُوسَى اسْتَحْمَلَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَوَافَقَ مِنْهُ شُغْلًا فَقَالَ وَاللَّهِ لَا أَحْمِلُكَ فَلَمَّا قَفَّى دَعَاهُ فَحَمَلَهُ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّكَ حَلَفْتَ أَنْ لَا تَحْمِلَنِي قَالَ فَأَنَا أَحْلِفُ لَأَحْمِلَنَّكَ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that Sayyiduna Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) asked the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) for a mount, but he found the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) busy, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: By Allah! I will not give you mounts. When he was about to leave, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) called him back and gave him a mount. He said: O Messenger of Allah! You had sworn that you would not give me a mount? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Then I swear that I will certainly, certainly give you a mount.
Hadith 5349
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَى خَيْرًا فَلْيُكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَلْيَفْعَلِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ
Narrated by Sayyiduna Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Whoever swears an oath about something, but later sees something else better, he should offer expiation for his oath and do what is better.
Hadith 5350
عَنْهُ أَيْضًا قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا اسْتَلْجَجَ أَحَدُكُمْ بِالْيَمِينِ فِي أَهْلِهِ فَإِنَّهُ أَثَمُ لَهُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنَ الْكَفَّارَةِ الَّتِي أَمَرَ بِهَا
Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: When a man swears an oath regarding his family and pretends to be truthful (in his own view), then he will be a severe sinner in the sight of Allah Almighty, due to the expiation which Allah Almighty has commanded him.
Hadith 5351
عَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ قَالَ وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَاللَّهِ لَاَنْ يَلَجَّ أَحَدُكُمْ بِيَمِينِهِ فِي أَهْلِهِ أَثَمُ لَهُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ أَنْ يُعْطِيَ كَفَّارَتَهُ الَّتِي فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ
(Second chain) The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: By Allah! When a man swears an oath regarding his family’s matter and (persists in using that oath as an excuse), then he is more sinful in the sight of Allah Almighty than if he were to fulfill the expiation (kaffarah) made obligatory by Allah Almighty.
