الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب العتقBook of Emancipation
باب مَا جَاءَ فِي التَّدْبِيرِ وَجَوَازِ بَيعِ الْمُدَبَّرِ لحاجة
Chapter on What Has Been Reported Regarding Tadbir (Conditional Emancipation) and the Permissibility of Selling the Mudabbar for Need
Hadith 5275
عَنْ جَابِرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ يُقَالُ لَهُ أَبُو مَذْكُورٍ أَعْتَقَ غُلَامًا لَهُ يُقَالُ لَهُ يَعْقُوبُ عَنْ دُبُرٍ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ غَيْرُهُ فَدَعَا بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ مَنْ يَشْتَرِيهِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِيهِ فَاشْتَرَاهُ نُعَيْمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّحَّامُ زَادَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ خَتَنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ بِثَمَانِ مِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ فَدَفَعَهَا إِلَيْهِ وَقَالَ إِذَا كَانَ أَحَدُكُمْ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَبْدَأْ بِنَفْسِهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ فَضْلًا فَعَلَى عِيَالِهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ فَضْلًا فَعَلَى ذَوِي قَرَابَتِهِ أَوْ قَالَ عَلَى ذَوِي رَحِمِهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ فَضْلًا فَهَاهُنَا وَهَاهُنَا
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) that an Ansari companion named Abu Mazkoorah freed his slave named Yaqub after his own death, while he had no other wealth besides him. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called for this slave and said: Who will buy him? Who will buy him? Sayyiduna Nu'aim bin Abdullah Nahham (may Allah be pleased with him), the father-in-law of Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), bought him for eight hundred dirhams, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him to him and said: When a person is poor, he should begin by spending on himself; if any wealth remains, then he should spend on his family; if any remains after them, then on other relatives; and if there is still something left, then he may spend it here and there.
Hadith 5276
عَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ بِنَحْوِهِ وَفِيهِ فَقَالَ عَمْرٌو قَالَ جَابِرٌ غُلَامٌ قِبْطِيٌّ وَمَاتَ عَامَ الْأَوَّلِ زَادَ فِيهَا أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ يُقَالُ لَهُ يَعْقُوبُ
. (Second chain) There is a similar narration, except that in it: Amr said that Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Yaqub was the name of this Coptic slave and he died in the first year (of the governorship of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Zubair, may Allah be pleased with him).
Hadith 5277
عَنْهُ أَيْضًا أَنَّ رَجُلًا دَبَّرَ عَبْدًا لَهُ وَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ فَبَاعَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي دَيْنِ مَوْلَاهُ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) that a man made one of his slaves a *mudabbar* (a slave who is to be freed after the master's death), while there was debt upon him. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sold that slave in order to pay the owner's debt.
Hadith 5278
عَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَاعَ الْمُدَبَّرَ
(Second chain) The Noble Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him and his family, sold a mudabbar slave.
Hadith 5279
عَنْ عَمْرَةَ قَالَتْ اشْتَكَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا فَطَالَ شَكْوَاهَا فَقَدِمَ إِنْسَانٌ الْمَدِينَةَ يَتَطَبَّبُ فَذَهَبَ بَنُو أَخِيهَا يَسْأَلُونَهُ عَنْ وَجَعِهَا فَقَالَ وَاللَّهِ إِنَّكُمْ تَنْعَتُونَ نَعْتَ امْرَأَةٍ مَطْبُوبَةٍ قَالَ هَذِهِ امْرَأَةٌ مَسْحُورَةٌ سَحَرَتْهَا جَارِيَةٌ لَهَا قَالَتْ نَعَمْ أَرَدْتُ أَنْ تَمُوتِي فَأُعْتَقَ قَالَ وَكَانَتْ مُدَبَّرَةً قَالَتْ بِيعُوهَا فِي أَشَدِّ الْعَرَبِ مَلَكَةً وَاجْعَلُوا ثَمَنَهَا فِي مِثْلِهَا
Umrah narrates that Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) fell ill and her illness became prolonged. In Madinah Munawwarah, a physician arrived who did not have complete knowledge of medicine. Sayyida’s nephews went to him and mentioned her ailment. He said: “By Allah! From the condition you have described of this lady, it appears that magic has been done to her, and the magic has been done by her slave-girl.” When they questioned the slave-girl, she said: “Yes, I did magic. My intention was that Sayyida would pass away and I would become free.” In fact, Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) had made this slave-girl a *mudabbara* (a slave promised freedom after the master’s death). Then Sayyida said: “Sell this slave-girl to a person who is the strictest with his slave-girls, and spend her price on a slave-girl of the same kind.”
