الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب العتقBook of Emancipation
بَابُ حُكْمِ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرَكًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدِ أَوْ كَانَ يَمْلِكُ عَبْدًا فَاعْتَقَ بَعْضَهُ
Chapter on the Ruling of One Who Frees His Share in a Slave or Owns a Slave and Frees Part of Him
Hadith 5265
عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ فَكَانَ لَهُ مَا يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَ الْعَبْدِ فَإِنَّهُ يُقَوَّمُ قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ فَيُعْطَى شُرَكَاؤُهُ حَقَّهُمْ وَعَتَقَ عَلَيْهِ الْعَبْدُ وَإِلَّا فَقَدْ عَتَقَ مَا عَتَقَ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Whoever frees his share in a slave, while he possesses wealth equal to the value of that slave, then the slave’s value will be assessed justly, and by paying the partners the value of their shares, the slave will be declared free. Otherwise, only the portion that the person has freed will be emancipated in that slave.
Hadith 5266
عَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبًا لَهُ فِي إِنْسَانٍ أَوْ مَمْلُوكٍ كُلِّفَ عِتْقَ بَقِيَّتِهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ يُعْتِقُهُ بِهِ فَقَدْ جَازَ مَا عَتَقَ
(Second chain) The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Whoever frees his share in a jointly owned slave, that person will be made responsible for the entire price of the slave. But if he does not have enough wealth to free the whole slave, then only the portion he has freed will be emancipated.
Hadith 5267
عَنْ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ يَبْلُغُ بِهِ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا كَانَ الْعَبْدُ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ فَأَعْتَقَ أَحَدُهُمَا نَصِيبَهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ مُوسِرًا قُوِّمَ عَلَيْهِ قِيمَةٌ لَا وَكْسَ وَلَا شَطَطَ ثُمَّ يُعْتَقُ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: When two men own a slave in partnership and one of them frees his share, then if the one who freed is wealthy, the value of the slave will be assessed in such a way that neither less nor more is taken, and then the slave will be set free.
Hadith 5268
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ شِقْصٌ فِي مَمْلُوكٍ فَأَعْتَقَ نِصْفَهُ فَعَلَيْهِ خَلَاصُهُ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ اسْتُسْعِيَ الْعَبْدُ فِي ثَمَنِ رَقَبَتِهِ غَيْرَ مَشْقُوقٍ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Whoever owns a share in a slave and frees his share, then he must free the entire slave, provided he has enough wealth. And if he does not have wealth, then the slave will be made responsible to earn his full price, but he will not be burdened with hardship in this regard.
Hadith 5269
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِقْصًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ فَخَلَاصُهُ فِي مَالِهِ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ اسْتُسْعِيَ الْعَبْدُ غَيْرَ مَشْقُوقٍ عَلَيْهِ
Narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Whoever frees his share in a slave, then the entire slave will be freed from his wealth, provided that he has wealth. And if he does not have wealth, then the slave will be made responsible to earn, but he will not be burdened with hardship.
Hadith 5270
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَعْتَقَ شِقْصًا مِنْ مَمْلُوكٍ فَأَجَازَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عِتْقَهُ وَغَرَّمَهُ بَقِيَّةَ ثَمَنِهِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, that when a man freed his share in a slave, the Noble Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, ordered the complete emancipation of the slave and made the remaining price obligatory upon that man.
Hadith 5271
عَنْ أَبِي الْمَلِيحِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ هُذَيْلَ أَعْتَقَ شَقِيصًا لَهُ مِنْ مَمْلُوكٍ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ هُوَ حُرٌّ كُلُّهُ لَيْسَ لِلَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى شَرِيكٌ
Abu Mulaikh narrates from his father that a man from Banu Huzail freed his share in a slave. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: The entire slave has become free; there is no partner with Allah Almighty.
Hadith 5272
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ حَدَّثَنَا مَعْمَرُ بْنُ حَوْشَبٍ حَدَّثَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ كَانَ لَهُمْ غُلَامٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ طَهْمَانُ أَوْ ذَكْوَانُ فَأَعْتَقَ جَدُّهُ نِصْفَهُ فَجَاءَ الْعَبْدُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ تُعْتَقُ فِي عِتْقِكَ وَتُرَقُّ فِي رِقِّكَ قَالَ وَكَانَ يَخْدِمُ سَيِّدَهُ حَتَّى مَاتَ وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ وَكَانَ مَعْمَرٌ يَعْنِي ابْنَ حَوْشَبٍ رَجُلًا صَالِحًا
Umayyah’s grandfather, Sayyiduna Amr bin Saeed bin Aas (may Allah be pleased with him), narrates that they had a slave named Tahman or Dhakwan. The grandfather freed his share, which was half of the slave. When that slave came to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Alright, you are free to the extent of your freedom, and you remain a slave to the extent of your slavery.” Then he continued to serve his master until he passed away. The narrator, Abdur Razzaq, said: Mu’ammar bin Houshab was a pious man.
Hadith 5273
عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ قَالَ حَفِظْنَا عَنْ ثَلَاثِينَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِقْصًا لَهُ فِي مَمْلُوكٍ ضَمِنَ بَقِيَّتَهُ
It is narrated from Saeed bin Musayyib, he says: We have memorized this from thirty companions that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Whoever frees his share in a slave, he will also be responsible for the remaining price.
Hadith 5274
عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَضَى أَنْ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي مَمْلُوكٍ فَعَلَيْهِ جَوَازُ عِتْقِهِ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ubadah bin Samit (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) decreed that whoever frees his share in a slave, then the freedom of the entire slave will be incumbent upon him, provided that he possesses wealth.
